Resistance exercise for impaired muscle performance

Contraindications to resistance exercise

Pain, inflammation, severe cardiopulmonary disease. Also to avoid adverse affects: monitor, understand patient history, start with low intensity, plan exercises accordingly

Full-arc exercise

Resistance through the full, available range of movement is necessary to develop strength through the ROM

Range of movement: short-arc exercise

When resistance exercises are executed through only a portion of the available range. This form of exercise is used to avoid a painful arc of motion or a portion of the range in which the joint is unstable or to protect healing tissues after injury or surgery.

Application of the overload principle

Progressive loading of muscle by manipulating the intensity or volume of exercise. In strength training the amount of resistance applied is incrementally and progressively increased. For endurance training, more emphasis is placed on increasing repetitions or the time a muscle contraction is sustained.

Factors that influence fatigue

Ration, proper nutrition, lifestyle, age, psychosocial: mental state

Overwork or overwork weakness

Refers to progressive deterioration of strength in muscles already weakened by nonprogressive neuromuscular disease. Like Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Power

Related to the strength and speed of movement and is defined as the work produced by a muscle per unit of time. (force X distance/time) . In other words, it is the rate of performing work. The rate at which a muscle contracts and produces a resultant force in the relationship of force and velocity are factors that affect it.

Muscle strength

The ability of contractile tissue to produce tension and a resultant force based on the demands placed on the muscle. It is the greatest measurable force that can be exerted by a muscle or muscle group to overcome resistance during a single maximum effort.

Endurance

The ability to perform low intensity, repetitive, or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time.

Duration for isometric exercises recommendation

hold for 6-10 sec, 20 reps

Factors that influence tension generation in normal skeletal muscle

-Energy stores and blood supply -Fatigue: muscle (local), cardiopulmonary (general), threshold for fatigue -recovery from exercise -age -psychological and cognitive factors

SAID principle and specificity of training

-specific adaptation to imposed demands. -specific with how you train a particular muscle. Wanted to look like how they use muscle so exercise should mimic function. Example, if the desired functional activity requires greater muscular endurance than strength the intensity and duration of exercises should be geared to improve muscular endurance.

How is strength sometimes measured?

1 repetition maximum. Most amount of weight in a given trial

Dynamic exercise- Constant External Resistance (DCER)

A form of resistance training in which a limb moves through a ROM against a constant external load, provided by free weights such as a handheld or cuff weight, torque arm units, weight machines, or weight pulley systems. It is used in lieu of the term isotonic exercise because although the load (weight) selected does not change, the torque imposed by the weight and the tension generated by the muscle both change throughout the range of movement.

Dynamic

Eccentric (lengthening) or concentric (shortening)

Overload principle

If muscle performance is to improve, a load that exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied. The muscle must be challenged to perform at a level greater than that to which it is accustomed. If the demands remain constant after the muscle has adapted, the level of muscle performance can be maintained but not increased.

Reversibility principle

If you don't use it, you lose it. Can happen in 1 to 2 weeks. You have to use the new strength daily that you've worked on. It takes a lot longer to build then take away. Need to consider this when patients miss appointments.

Goal of strength training

Increase the force capacity of muscle

Goal of power training

Increase the work a muscle must perform during a specified period of time or reducing the amount of time required to produce a given force. The greater the intensity of the exercise and the shorter the time period taken to generate force the greater the muscle power

Exercise order

Large Muscle groups should be exercised before small muscle groups, and multi joint exercises should be performed before single joint exercises. In addition, after an appropriate warm-up, higher intensity exercises should be performed before lower intensity exercises

Isometric

No change in muscle length, just the force produced. Aka: Static