Respiratory System, test 2

-- 16. Select the incorrect statement about larynx: :r1 It is a part of the upper respiratory tract. :r2 Cartilago epiglottica is a part of the larynx. :r3 It participates in the creation of voice. :r4 Its cavity has the shape of an hourglass (sandglass). :r5 Ligamenta vocalia are true vocal ligaments.

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-- 26. Vocal cords (plicae vocales): :r1 are covered by stratified squamous epithelium. :r2 are reddish and immobile. :r3 are formed by vocal ligament and cricothyroid muscle. :r4 are in adduction during respiration.:r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 37. Border between superior and inferior mediastinum runs: :r1 through horizontal plane passing between sternal angle and bodies of 4-5 thoracic vertebrae. :r2 through horizontal plane between body of sternum and its xiphoid process. :r3 as horizontal plane passing through the 5th sternocostal joint. :r4 as horizontal plane passing through the 8th thoracic vertebra. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 46. Cricoarytenoideus lateralis muscle: :r1 adducts and relaxes vocal ligaments (ligamenta vocalia). :r2 abducts and tenses vocal ligaments (ligamenta vocalia). :r3 closes aditus laryngis. :r4 opens aditus laryngis. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 47. The correct statement about larynx is: :r1 Laryngeal vestibule (vestibulum laryngis) extends from aditus laryngis to the vestibular cords (plicae vestibulares). :r2 Laryngeal vestibule (vestibulum laryngis) extends from aditus laryngis to the vocal cords (plicae vocales). :r3 Glottis is the widest portion of larynx. :r4 Glottis extends from cranially located rima glottidis to caudally located rima vestibuli. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 5. Select the correct statement about vestibulum nasi: :r1 Its walls are covered with the skin. :r2 It reaches the agger nasi. :r3 Its walls are covered with the mucosa. :r4 In adulthood, there are hairs called trichia. :r5 All the statements are correct.

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-- 50. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Lobulus of thymus has cortex peripherally and medulla centrally. :r2 Cranial part of thymus is located dorsally from the trachea. :r3 Thymus is located in the posterior mediastinum. :r4 The most development of the thymus comes in adult age. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 29. Trachea: :r1 has no submucous connective tissue. :r2 Cricotracheal ligament joins the trachea to the caudal margin of the thyroid cartilage. :r3 15-20 tracheal cartilages reinforce the wall of trachea. :r4 Trachea is divided into three principal bronchi on the right side. :r5 Esophagus passes anterior to trachea.

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-- 12. Select the correct statement about nasal mucosa: :r1 It is covered by the stratified ciliated epithelium in the regio olfactoria. :r2 It is continuous with the mucosa of paranasal sinuses. :r3 Regio respiratoria is located on the ceiling, on the lateral wall in region of the upper turbinate and in the part of the nasal septum. :r4 It is covered with squamous epithelium in regio respiratoria. :r5 It is not underlain by submucosa.

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-- 13. Select the correct statement about sinus paranasales: :r1 They start to develop in puberty. :r2 The largest one is the maxillary sinus with a capacity of about 25 ccm. :r3 Sinus frontalis opens into the meatus nasi communis. :r4 They reach their final size in around 40 years of age. :r5 They are clinically insignificant.

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-- 14. Select the correct statement about larynx: :r1 It is a fibrous organ. :r2 It lies anterior to pharynx. :r3 It is a part of the upper respiratory tract. :r4 It extends from C1 to C6 vertebrae. :r5 It continues as bronchi principales caudally.

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-- 15. Laryngeal cartilages do not involve: :r1 Cartilago thyroidea :r2 Cartilago erythroidea :r3 Cartilago cuneiformis :r4 Cartilago cricoidea :r5 All these cartilages form the basis of larynx.

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-- 24. Select the correct statement about m. arytaenoideus transversus: :r1 It extends from the lamina of cricoid cartilage to the processus muscularis of arytaenoid cartilage. :r2 It adducts vocal ligaments. :r3 It extends from processus vocalis of arytaenoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage. :r4 It expands the aditus laryngis. :r5 All the statements are correct.

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-- 27. Paries membranaceus of the trachea: :r1 are horseshoe-shaped like plates of connective tissue located among tracheal cartilages. :r2 forms dorsal wall of trachea. :r3 is reinforced portion of tracheal surface just at the region where trachea is in the contact with the thyroid gland. :r4 forms ventral wall of trachea. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 3. Mark the incorrect statement. Cartilago septi nasi: :r1 connects with the lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidalis. :r2 forms the back part of the nasal septum. :r3 connects with ossa nasalia. :r4 underlies the dorsum nasi. :r5 connects with the vomer.

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-- 30. Bronchi: :r1 Main bronchi (bronchi principales) divide into segmental bronchi. :r2 Wall of the main bronchi (bronchi principales) is reinforced by horseshoe-shaped cartilages. :r3 Both main bronchi (bronchi principales) point to the apex of the corresponding lung. :r4 Main bronchi (bronchi principales) have no membranous wall (paries membranaceus) :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 32. Lung (pulmo): :r1 Each lung has a horizontal fissure, the right lung has even an oblique fissure. :r2 Medial surface of the left lung has impression of the aorta (sulcus aorticus). :r3 Left lung has three pulmonary lobes, the right lung has two pulmonary lobes. :r4 Horizontal fissure of the right lung runs paralel to the sixth rib. :r5 Alveoli pulmonis protrude from the walls of terminal bronchioli.

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-- 34. Mark correct statement: :r1 Walls of bronchioli have no cartilaginous stiffeners, striated muscle form the main structures of their walls. :r2 Pulmonary alveoli protrude from the pulmonary sacculi (sacculi pulmonis). :r3 Respiratory bronchioli usually divide into two terminal bronchioli. :r4 Pulmonary alveoli of one segmental bronchus represent primary pulmonary lobule (lobulus pulmonis primarius) :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 36. Mediastinum: :r1 Costal pleura forms lateral border of mediastinum. :r2 Mediastinum is a space of the thorax between the right and left pleural cavities. :r3 Big vessels - aorta, superior vena cava etc. are located in the anterior caudal mediastinum :r4 Heart in the pericardiac sac is located in the anterior superior mediastinum :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 43. Lung (pulmo): :r1 Medial lobe of the left lung consists of two segments. :r2 Alveoli pulmonis of one bronchiolus respiratorius form primary pulmonary lobulus (lobulus pulmonis primarius). :r3 Impressio cardiaca is deeper in the right lung. :r4 Apex of the left lung runs supraclavicularly as narrow strip - left lingula pulmonis. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 45. Cartilages of the larynx: :r1 Cricoid cartilage is located cranial to the thyroid cartilage. :r2 Two types of synovial joint are located between cartilages of the larynx (one between thyroid and cricoid cartilages and another between cricoid and arytenoid cartilages).:r3 Two types of synovial joint are located between cartilages of the larynx (one between thyroid and arytenoid cartilages and another between cricoid and vocal cartilages). :r4 There is no synovial joint between cartilages of larynx, they are joined only by ligaments. :r5 Ventral portion of the cricoid cartilage is formed by its lamina.

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-- 60. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Pulmonary segments are separated from each other by the septa containing pulmonary arteries :r2 Pulmonary veins run inside the septa between segments of the lung. :r3 Right lung has three pulmonary segments. :r4 Segmental bronchi have no branches and terminate by alveoli pulmonis. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 9. Select the correct statement about meatus nasi medius: :r1 Cellulae ethmoidales posteriores open here. :r2 Sinus frontalis opens here. :r3 It is located above the concha nasalis media. :r4 Ductus nasolacrimalis opens here. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 65. Mark the correct statement: :r1 It is not possible to separate pulmonary segments from each other. :r2 Each lung has ten pulmonary segments (some of them can fuse together). :r3 Pulmonary segment has pyramid like shape with the base pointing to the hilum of the lung and its apex pointing to the surface of the lung. :r4 Each pulmonary segment is ventilated by two or more segmental bronchi. :r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 17. Select the correct statement about cartilago thyroidea: :r1 It has cornu anterius et posterius. :r2 It has articular surfaces for connection with cartilago arytaenoidea. :r3 M. thyrohyoideus originates from its linea obliqua. :r4 M. sternohyoideus ends at its linea obliqua. :r5 It is a place of origin of paries membranaceus tracheae.

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-- 2. Upper respiratory tract does not include: :r1 Cavum nasi osseum :r2 Nasopharynx :r3 Larynx :r4 Nasus externus :r5 Vestibulum nasi

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-- 21. Select the correct statement about m. cricothyroideus: :r1 It is located on the lateral side of the larynx. :r2 It is abductor of vocal ligaments. :r3 Its antagonist is m. thyroarytaenoideus. :r4 It relaxes vocal ligaments. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 40. Thyroid gland (glandula thyroidea): :r1 Pyramidal lobe is located transversely between right and left lobes of thyroid gland and joins them. :r2 Parenchyma of thyroid gland is arranged to the lobules which consist of spacious alveoli. :r3 Thyroid gland has the fibrous capsule. :r4 Thyroid duct (ductus thyroideus) distributes hormones of the thyroid gland to the vessels located around the thyroid cartilage. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 51. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Cranial margin of the conus elasticus is formed by vestibular ligaments. :r2 Caudal margin of conus elasticus is formed by vocal ligaments. :r3 Vestibule of larynx joins with laryngeal part of pharynx (pars laryngea pharyngis) by aditus of larynx. :r4 Vocal cords (plicae vocales) are located transversally. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 53. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Cartilage of epiglottis (cartilago epiglottica) is the pair cartilage of the larynx. :r2 Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage is oriented laterodorsally. :r3 Arytenoid cartilages are joined by the synovial joints to the cricoid cartilage. :r4 Muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage is oriented ventrally. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 58. Mark the correct statement: :r1 No seromucous tracheal glands are located in the submucous connective tissue of trachea. :r2 Trachea beginss from the larynx at the level of C4 in adults. :r3 Posterior wall of the trachea is called paries membranaceus. :r4 Trachea is located dorsally from the esophagus. :r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 59. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Base of the lung (basis pulmonis) runs cranially and is located between scaleni muscles. :r2 Craniocaudal sequence of pulmonary root structures is identical in the right hilum and left hilum. :r3 Course of oblique fissure is identical in the right and left lungs. :r4 Lingula (lingula pulmonis sinistri) is situated between medial and superior lobes of the left lung. :r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 63. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Caudal margin of the lung reaches upper edge of the 9th rib in the paravertebral line. :r2 Ventral borders of the pleura are identical (paralel) up to the level of 6th rib cartilage. :r3 Mediastinal pleura separates pleural cavity from the mediastinum. :r4 Pleural cavity is a fissure between the parietal pleura and the endothoracic fascia. :r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 8. Select the correct statement about meatus nasi inferior: :r1 It is located between the concha nasalis inferior et media. :r2 Sinus maxillaris opens here. :r3 It is located under the concha nasalis inferior. :r4 Sinus frontalis opens here. :r5 No statement is correct.

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1. Parts of the external nose are: :r1 Radix, basis, dorsum, apex. :r2 Alae, apex, radix, cervix :r3 Radix, dorsum, alae, apex. :r4 Radix, corpus, alae, dorsum. :r5 Corpus, cuspis, dorsum, alae.

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-- 10. Select the correct statement about meatus nasi superior: :r1 Sinus maxillaris opens here. :r2 Sinus frontalis opens here. :r3 Cellulae ethmoidales anteriores open here. :r4 It is located above the concha nasalis media. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 18. Select the correct statement about cartilago cricoidea: :r1 Arcus cartilaginis cricoideae forms its dorsal part. :r2 It is connected by joints only with cartilago thyroidea. :r3 It is connected by ligaments with bronchi. :r4 Conus elasticus is connected to it. :r5 All the statements are correct.

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-- 20. Select the correct statement about cartilago epiglottica: :r1 Its base is formed by paired fibrous cartilage. :r2 It connects to the cartilago cricoidea. :r3 Its function is affected by m. cricoepiglotticus. :r4 Its narrow part is called petiolus epiglottidis :r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 35. Pleura: :r1 is divided into parts as: superior, inferior and intrathoracic convexa. :r2 Epithelium which covers the pleura is formed by two to three layers of cylindrical cells. :r3 Cupula pleurae protrudes above superior thoracic aperture about 15 cm approximatelly. :r4 Caudal margin of the pleura reaches the caudal margin of the 8th rib in anterior axillary line. :r5 Costomediastinal recess is the deepest pleural space.

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-- 41. Parathyroid glands (glandulae parathyroideae): :r1 are located on the ventral side of thyroid gland lobes. :r2 produce the calcitonin hormone. :r3 produce corticoids. :r4 produce parathormone which regulates level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood plasma. :r5 Cranial pair of parathyroid glands adjoin cranial margin of sternum.

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-- 42. Trachea: :r1 Its wall is formed by 10-15 fibrous cartilages of ellipsoid shape. :r2 Paries membranaceus forms the ventral wall of the trachea. :r3 Carina tracheae is a transversal fold located at the border between larynx and trachea. :r4 Isthmus glandulae thyroideae is adjacent to the ventral wall of the trachea at the level of 2.-4th tracheal cartilages :r5 no statement is correct

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-- 44. M. thyroarytenoideus: :r1 opens aditus laryngis. :r2 collaborates during abduction of the vocal cords. :r3 closes aditus laryngis. :r4 releases tension of the vocal cords. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 49. The correct statement about thymus is: :r1 Thymus is located in the mediastinum ventrally from the sternum. :r2 Thymus consists of three lobes and an isthmus. :r3 Main development of thymus comes after puberty. :r4 Thymus is the soft, lymphoepitelial organ. :r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 52. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Vestibular cords of larynx (plicae vestibulares laryngis) are white and movable folds. :r2 Vestibule of the larynx is wider in direction towards the glottis. :r3 Aditus laryngis is bordered dorsally by the epiglottis. :r4 Caudal margin of the quadrangular membrane is formed by the vestibular ligament. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 57. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Glottis is a narrow, transversely oriented middle part of laryngeal cavity (cavitas laryngis). :r2 Paired aryepiglottic folds (plicae aryepiglotticae) form ventral border of the laryngeal inlet (aditus laryngis). :r3 Glottis extends from cranially located rima glottidis to caudally located rima vestibuli. :r4 Caudal margin of the quadrangular membrane is formed by the vestibular ligament. :r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 64. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Thymus is located in the superior mediastinum ventral to the manubrium sterni (in the area pleuralis superior).:r2 Heart in periacardial sac is located in the posterior mediastinum. :r3 Esophagus is located in the anterior mediastinum. :r4 The deepest space of the pleural cavity is formed by costodiaphragmatic recess (recessus costodiaphragmaticus). :r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 11. Select the correct statement about meatus nasi medius: :r1 Ductus nasolacrimalis opens here. :r2 Sinus sphenoidalis opens here. :r3 It is located above the concha nasalis media. :r4 Cellulae ethmoidales posteriores open here. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 19. Select the correct statement about cartilago arytaenoidea: :r1 Ligamentum ventriculare is attached to its processus vocalis. :r2 It is connected by a synovial joint with cartilago thyroidea. :r3 Muscles of the larynx are attached only at its processus muscularis. :r4 Fovea oblonga is located on its facies medialis.:r5 Facies medialis borders pars intercartilaginea rimae glottidis.

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-- 22. Which of following muscles is the abductor of vocal ligaments? :r1 M. cricoarytaenoideus lateralis :r2 M. thyroarytaenoideus :r3 M. vocalis :r4 M. thyroepiglotticus :r5 None of metioned muscles is the abductor of vocal cords.

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-- 23. Select the correct statement about m. cricoarytenoideus posterior: :r1 It originates at the back surface of the lamina cartilaginis cricoideae. :r2 It rotates the arytenoid cartilage externally. :r3 Muscles of both sides abduct vocal ligaments. :r4 It is inserted to the dorsal surface of processus muscularis. :r5 All the statements are correct.

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-- 25. Select the correct statement about larynx: :r1 Plicae vocales are covered by ciliated striated columnar epithelium. :r2 It has no submucosa. :r3 Vestibulum laryngis tapers cranially. :r4 Vocal cords are adducted in respiratory position. :r5 No statements is correct.

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-- 28. Trachea: :r1 begins from the larynx at the level of C4. :r2 divides into right and left main (principal) bronchi just over the superior thoracic aperture. :r3 is lined by simple squamous epithelium. :r4 ends at the level of T10-T11 :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 31. Lung (pulmo): :r1 Mediothoracicum is located between both lungs. :r2 We distinguish diaphragmatic, costal and lateral surfaces in the lung. :r3 Pulmonary hilum communicates through the superior thoracic aperture with the neck, :r4 Medial surface of the right lung has impression frm the aorta - aortic groove (sulcus aorticus) :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 33. Mark correct statement: :r1 Bronchioli have no cartilaginous stiffeners. :r2 Terminal bronchiolus divides usually into two respiratory bronchioli.:r3 Respiratory bronchioli divide into alveolar ductuli. :r4 Pulmonary alveoli protrude from the pulmonary sacculi (sacculi pulmonis). :r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 38. Mark correct statement: :r1 Both lungs are located in the superior mediastinum. :r2 Mediastinum is a space between the parietal and visceral pleura. :r3 Thymus is located in the anterior superior mediastinum ventrally from the manubrium sterni. :r4 The biggest organ of the superior mediastinum is the heart. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 39. Thyroid gland (glandula thyroidea): :r1 is located on the ventral side of the neck just on the external surface of infrahyoid muscles. :r2 consists of right and left lobes joined by transversely located cervix (neck) of thyroid gland.:r3 Dorsal surface of the thyroid gland lobes adjoins constantly to the aortic arch which forms here aortic groove (sulcus aorticus). :r4 Parathyroid glands (glandulae parathyroideae) are located on the ventral side of thyroid gland. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 4. Select the correct statement about cartilago nasi lateralis: :r1 It is paired cartilage. :r2 It connects with the cartilago septi nasi. :r3 It is inserted under the nasal bones. :r4 It is the base of the cartilaginous part of the dorsum nasi. :r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 48. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Cavum infraglotticum extends from the vestibular cords (plicae vestibulares) to the caudal margin of the cricoid cartilage :r2 Infraglottic cavity (cavum infraglotticum) is wider cranially and narrow caudally :r3 Larynx has got no lymphooid tissue. :r4 Larynx has got no submucous layer. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 54. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Articular surface for the thyroid cartilage (facies articularis thyroidea) is situated on the cranial edge of the cricoid cartilage lamina (lamina cartilaginis cricoideae). :r2 Thyrohyoid membrane joins the caudal edge of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone. :r3 Petiolus of the epiglottis is joined to the inner surface of the cricoid cartilage lamina (lamina cartilaginis cricoideae). :r4 Fibroelastic membrane of larynx (membrana fibroelastica laryngis) consists of the conus elasticus and thyrohyoid membrane (membrana thyrohyoidea). :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 55. Mark the correct statement concerning the nasal cavity: :r1 Infundibulum ethmoidale is a part of semilunar hiatus. :r2 Nasal septum consists of: membranous, cartilaginous and osseous parts (pars membranacea, pars cartilaginea and pars ossea). :r3 Limen nasi is formed by caudal edge of lateral nasal cartilage (cartilago nasi lateralis). :r4 Major alar cartilage (cartilago alaris major) has medial and lateral crura. :r5 All statements are correct.

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-- 56. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Vocal ligaments of the larynx are covered by the stratified ciliated epithelium. :r2 Larynx has no submucous connective tissue. :r3 Vestibular ligaments of larynx are movable and yellowish, and they are covered by stratified squamous epithelium. :r4 Cavity of larynx continues caudally to the laryngeal part of pharynx (pars laryngea pharyngis). :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 6. Select the correct statement about cavum nasi proprium::r1 It lies dorsally from limen nasi. :r2 Caudal wall separates it from the oral cavity. :r3 Ductus nasolacrimalis opens to its meatus nasi inferior. :r4 Its meatus nasi medius lies between concha nasalis inferior et media. :r5 All the statements are correct.

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-- 61. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Visceral pleura lines walls of pleural cavity. :r2 Pleura is serous membrane formed by stratified ciliated epithelium. :r3 Right lung has 3 pulmonary segments. :r4 Visceral pleura is thicker than parietal pleura. :r5 No statement is correct.

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-- 62. Mark the correct statement: :r1 Cupula pleurae protrudes over superior aperture of the thorax (apertura thoracis superior) :r2 Diaphragmatic pleura grows together with the diaphragm. :r3 Pleura is the serous membrane formed by single layer of the flat epithelium :r4 costodiaphragmatic recess (recessus costodiaphragmaticus) forms the deepest space of the pleural cavity :r5 all statements are correct

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-- 7. Select the correct statement about cavum nasi proprium: :r1 It is a paired cavity. :r2 Caudal wall separates it from the oral cavity. :r3 Hiatus semilunaris opens to the meatus nasi medius. :r4 Meatus nasi medius lies between the concha nasalis inferior et media :r5 All the statements are correct.

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