Review Chapter 26

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According to the hypothesis of serial endosymbiosis, the host cell was eukaryotic because miochondria almost certainly evolved from cholroplast

T

Choanoflagellates are free living flagellates that obtain food by waving their flagella, causing water currents to carry bacteria and other small particles of food into the collar of micro villi

T

All foraminiferans live on the ocean floor and do not photosynthesize

F

All protists move via waves of thousands of cilia

F

Alveoli are flattened vesicles located just inside the plasma membrane of the stramenopiles.

F

Plasmodial slime molds are known for the extreme flexibility of their outer plasma membrane, continually changing shape as they move

F

The blades, stipes, and holdfasts of brown algae are homologous to the leaves, stems, and roots of plants

F

The fine details of cells revealed by electron microscopy are known as nano structure

F

Trichonymphs, a parabasilid, live in the guts of termites and wood eating cockroaches and rely on a parasitic relationship with bacteria to digest cellulose in the wood

F

Dinoflaggelates are the source of red tides

T

Euglena are known to engulf their prey by phagocytosis and then digest the prey within food vacuoles

T

Malaria is caused by a parasitic spore forming alveolate

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Most protists are aqautic

T

The cell wall of a diatom consists of two shells that overlap where they fit together and is made up of silica laid down in intricate patterns

T

The cell walls of red algae often contain thick, sticky, polysaccharides, which are extracted and used to make agar and carrageenan

T

marine plankton, get food by axopods, have shells

actinopods

similar ribosomal DNA sequences and alveoli, flattened vesicles located just inside plasma membrane

alveolates

move and get food by phagocytosis, using pseudopodia

amoebas

parasitic alveolates that form spores at some stage in their life

apicomplexans

parasites that produce sporozoites and nonmotile, an apical complex of microtubules attaches to host

apicomplexans (A. plasmodium causes malaria)

red algae, green algae, land plants: chloraplasts with inner and outer membranes

archaeplastids

stramenopiles that are important in cooler ocean waters

brown algae largest= KELP-multicellular bodies differentiated into: leaflike blades, stemlike stipes, anchoring holdfasts, and gas filled bladders for bouyancy

form a slug when cells aggregate in response to cyclic AMP

cellular slime molds

reporduce by aggregating into an aggregate(slug), then forming asexual spores

cellular slime molds

unikonts that are probably the closing living non- animal relative to animals, collar of microvilli surrounds their single flagellum

choanoflagellates

originated as a result of secondary endosymbiosis- ancestral cell engulfed a red alga

chromalveolates

alveolates that move by hairlike cilia, undergo conjugation

cilliates

paramecium and other ciliates often display a sexual phenomenon

conjugation

molecular evidence supports the view that all plastids evolved from an ancient

cyanobacterium

photosynthetic, shells containing silica-2 halves that fit together like a petri dish, part of floating plankton, others live on rocks and sediments, move by gliding

diatoms

important producers in marine ecosystems, some produce toxic blooms-red tide

dinoflagellates

unicellular and flagellate, some photosynthetic

euglenoids

secrete many chambered tests with pores through which cytoplasmic projections extend to move/get food

forams

biflagellate freshwater and marine stramenopiles that are of ecological importance as a component of the ocean's minute nanoplankton

golden algae

pigments, energy reserve products, and cell walls found in land plants are also in

green algae

wide diversity in size, structural complexity, and reproduction, hypothesis that they gave rise to land plants

green algae

caused by apicomplexan that spends part of its life cycle in the Anopheles mosquito and part in humans

malaria

reproduces by haploid spores produced in sporangia

plasmodial slime molds

NOT true of the protists

prokaryotic

get nutrient autotrophically/heterotrophically and free living/symbiotic (mutualism-parasitism), reproduce both asexually/sexually or just asexually

protists

live in oceans, ponds, lakes streams, body fluids/cells of hosts

protists

protists means of locomotion:

pseudopodia, flagella, and cilia

seaweeds, warm tropical ocean waters

red algae

amoeboid cells, hard outer shells (tests), monophyletic

rhizarians

mitochondria and chloroplasts arose from symbiotic relationships b/w larger cells and smaller bacteria that were incorporated and lived within host cell

serial endosymbiosis

motile cells with 2 flagella, one with tiny hairlike projections

stramenopiles

fungi and animals, single posterior flagellum in flagellate cells

unikonts

have coenocytic mycelium, reproduce asexually by forming biflagellate zoospores and sexually by oospores

water molds


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