Review Chapter 26
According to the hypothesis of serial endosymbiosis, the host cell was eukaryotic because miochondria almost certainly evolved from cholroplast
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Choanoflagellates are free living flagellates that obtain food by waving their flagella, causing water currents to carry bacteria and other small particles of food into the collar of micro villi
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All foraminiferans live on the ocean floor and do not photosynthesize
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All protists move via waves of thousands of cilia
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Alveoli are flattened vesicles located just inside the plasma membrane of the stramenopiles.
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Plasmodial slime molds are known for the extreme flexibility of their outer plasma membrane, continually changing shape as they move
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The blades, stipes, and holdfasts of brown algae are homologous to the leaves, stems, and roots of plants
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The fine details of cells revealed by electron microscopy are known as nano structure
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Trichonymphs, a parabasilid, live in the guts of termites and wood eating cockroaches and rely on a parasitic relationship with bacteria to digest cellulose in the wood
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Dinoflaggelates are the source of red tides
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Euglena are known to engulf their prey by phagocytosis and then digest the prey within food vacuoles
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Malaria is caused by a parasitic spore forming alveolate
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Most protists are aqautic
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The cell wall of a diatom consists of two shells that overlap where they fit together and is made up of silica laid down in intricate patterns
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The cell walls of red algae often contain thick, sticky, polysaccharides, which are extracted and used to make agar and carrageenan
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marine plankton, get food by axopods, have shells
actinopods
similar ribosomal DNA sequences and alveoli, flattened vesicles located just inside plasma membrane
alveolates
move and get food by phagocytosis, using pseudopodia
amoebas
parasitic alveolates that form spores at some stage in their life
apicomplexans
parasites that produce sporozoites and nonmotile, an apical complex of microtubules attaches to host
apicomplexans (A. plasmodium causes malaria)
red algae, green algae, land plants: chloraplasts with inner and outer membranes
archaeplastids
stramenopiles that are important in cooler ocean waters
brown algae largest= KELP-multicellular bodies differentiated into: leaflike blades, stemlike stipes, anchoring holdfasts, and gas filled bladders for bouyancy
form a slug when cells aggregate in response to cyclic AMP
cellular slime molds
reporduce by aggregating into an aggregate(slug), then forming asexual spores
cellular slime molds
unikonts that are probably the closing living non- animal relative to animals, collar of microvilli surrounds their single flagellum
choanoflagellates
originated as a result of secondary endosymbiosis- ancestral cell engulfed a red alga
chromalveolates
alveolates that move by hairlike cilia, undergo conjugation
cilliates
paramecium and other ciliates often display a sexual phenomenon
conjugation
molecular evidence supports the view that all plastids evolved from an ancient
cyanobacterium
photosynthetic, shells containing silica-2 halves that fit together like a petri dish, part of floating plankton, others live on rocks and sediments, move by gliding
diatoms
important producers in marine ecosystems, some produce toxic blooms-red tide
dinoflagellates
unicellular and flagellate, some photosynthetic
euglenoids
secrete many chambered tests with pores through which cytoplasmic projections extend to move/get food
forams
biflagellate freshwater and marine stramenopiles that are of ecological importance as a component of the ocean's minute nanoplankton
golden algae
pigments, energy reserve products, and cell walls found in land plants are also in
green algae
wide diversity in size, structural complexity, and reproduction, hypothesis that they gave rise to land plants
green algae
caused by apicomplexan that spends part of its life cycle in the Anopheles mosquito and part in humans
malaria
reproduces by haploid spores produced in sporangia
plasmodial slime molds
NOT true of the protists
prokaryotic
get nutrient autotrophically/heterotrophically and free living/symbiotic (mutualism-parasitism), reproduce both asexually/sexually or just asexually
protists
live in oceans, ponds, lakes streams, body fluids/cells of hosts
protists
protists means of locomotion:
pseudopodia, flagella, and cilia
seaweeds, warm tropical ocean waters
red algae
amoeboid cells, hard outer shells (tests), monophyletic
rhizarians
mitochondria and chloroplasts arose from symbiotic relationships b/w larger cells and smaller bacteria that were incorporated and lived within host cell
serial endosymbiosis
motile cells with 2 flagella, one with tiny hairlike projections
stramenopiles
fungi and animals, single posterior flagellum in flagellate cells
unikonts
have coenocytic mycelium, reproduce asexually by forming biflagellate zoospores and sexually by oospores
water molds
