Review for Week 6 Quiz

What are the four structures that are found in ALL cells?

1) A plasma membrane 2) Cytoplasm 3) DNA 4) Ribosomes

Plant cells placed in a hypotonic solution will not lyse or burst. Why not?

Because of the pressure applied by the cell wall.

Lysosome

Break down excess or worn-out cell parts.

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

During each turn of the citric acid cycle, how many molecules of ATP are produced?

One Molecule

What did the Iodine solution test for?

Presence of starch

Define anaerobic

Relating to, involving, or requiring an absence of free oxygen.

Define aerobic

Relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen

Dialysis tubing is rather stiff. How will you get it pliable, so that you tie a tight knot?

Soak in water until it's pliable

Which solute did not diffuse out of the dialysis membrane (bag) to the beaker because it was too large?

Starch

Dialysis tubing is selectively permeable. What does that mean?

Substances such as water, glucose, and iodine were able to pass through the tubing but the starch molecule was too large to pass.

What did the Benedict solution test for?

Test for sugars

When does lactic acid fermentation in humans occur?

When the body needs a lot of energy in a hurry.

What type of molecule is Glucose?

monosaccharide

Define Diffusion

movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

What type of molecule is Starch?

polysaccharide

Define cellular respiration

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).

Define reducing agent

A substance that tends to bring about reduction by being oxidized and losing electrons

Define oxidizing agent

A substance that tends to bring about reduction by being oxidized and losing electrons.

Glycogen from the liver and muscles and fats can feed into the catabolic pathways for carbohydrates. Label the diagram below with the steps for cellular respiration and the connection to its metabolites.

A) Carbohydrates, some amino acids, Glycerol B) Glycolysis C) Some amino acids D) Pyruvate Oxidation E) Fatty Acids, some amino acids F) Citric acid G) Oxidative phosphorylation

Be able to name the prokaryotic structures (A-E)

A) Cytoplasm B) Ribosomes C) Cell wall D) Bacterial Flagellum E) Nucleoid (Circular DNA)

What enzyme is responsible for the creation of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation

ATP Synthase

Which type of cellular respiration produces the most ATP and is usually favored?

Aerobic

Why is a gradient of H+ ions formed across the inner mitochondrial membrane important?

Allows ATP synthase to generate ATP.

Who is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration in mammals?

An oxygen molecule, O2

Define plasmolysis

Contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.

In humans, what would occur if there were a lack of oxygen?

Damage your heart or brain if it persists over time.

In oxidative phosphorylation, who is the final electron acceptor?

Elemental Oxygen

What is the end-product of fermentation in yeast?

Ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Is cellular respiration an endergonic or exergonic reaction?

Exergonic

Which of the two (NADH or FADH2), produces the most ATP in total?

FADH2

t/f: Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.

False

Mitochondrion

Generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.

did not diffuse across the dialysis membrane into the beaker because it is a large molecule.

Glucose

What are the stages of cellular respiration (aerobic) in the correct order. (Starting with glucose)

Glycolysis -> Oxidative decarboxylation -> Krebs cycle -> Electron transport chain -> Oxidative phosphorylation.

Were the cells in a hypertonic or hypotonic solution?

Hypotonic

In which type of solution will cells shrink (crenate)?

Hypertonic Solution

Which solute could diffuse from the beaker into the bag?

Iodine

Why does the image with the letter B look like that

It was in the NaCl solution.

What is the end-product of fermentation in bacteria?

Lactic acid and acetone.

In part 1 of the lab, you visualized two dyes and their rate of diffusion. Which of the dyes moved further and why?

Methylene Blue

In the experiment, what determines whether a substance can pass through the dialysis tubing membrane?

Molecular size

Name the two coenzymes in charge of carrying the Hydrogen atoms in cellular respiration

NAD+ (NADP+ or FAD+)

On which side of the cellular respiration equation would ATP and heat be located?

The Products

Which cell structure does the dialysis tubing represent in your experiment?

The cell membrane

What happens when iodine is added to a solution containing starch? (ie. Color)

The color changes into a deep blue/purple.

What part of the cell does glycolysis take place?

The cytoplasm

Nucleus

The repository of genetic information and as the cell's control center.

Nucleolus

The repository of genetic information and as the cell's control center.

___________ are a form of long-term energy storage in animals and can store about twice as much energy as carbohydrates.

Triglycerides