review of GI structure and function

the nurse knows that a colostomy should produce formed stool because: a. its location at the end of the GI tract b. its high pH level c. its location at the start of the GI tract d. its location near the gall bladder

A. its location at the end of the GI tract

GI structures

Mouth: take in food Esophagus: swallow down to stomach Stomach: digestion Small Intestine: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, most absorption occurs Large Intestine: ascending, transverse, descending, last absorption Rectum: evacuation Salivary glands: secrete digestive enzymes, moistens food Liver: produces bile, for fat digestion, sort nutrients and decided where you will store them Gallbladder: stores bile Pancreas: secretes digestive enzymes and sodium Bicarb. Regulates Blood glucose

mucosal

inner-barrier, makes things slippery -goblet cells: secrete mucus, keeps gastric acid away from outer layers

submucosal and muscularis

middle layers: supports shape of intestine. contract and squeeze for movement and digestion -squeeze poop thru

layers of GI tract

mucosal, submucosal, muscularis, serosa

serosa

outer: another layer of mucous prevent friction and damage

emetic zone

produce projectile vomiting -usually kids or brain damage

vomiting

purpose: protect body from unwanted irritants

GI function

secretion, absorption, digestion, motility

chemoreceptor trigger zone

stimulated by irritants to back of throat -rollercoaster -pregnancy -intense pain -perfume -cellular death (chemo or radiation)

GI reflexes: central reflexes

swallowing vomiting: emetic zone, chemoreceptor trigger zone

swallowing

when food enter back of throat. involves 25 muscles