Review of Week 8 Exam Missed Questions

What is opsonization

Coating an antigen with proteins to make it phagocytized. recognizing and targeting invading particles for phagocytosis, Making them more ready to be engulfed.

Cholesterol functions in the body as an energy source, and furnishes molecular components for the synthesis of various sex hormones (T/F)-

False

Cyanocobalamin is found exclusively in plants (T/F)-

False

Intake of at least 10 grams of carbohydrate is needed daily to avoid protein breakdown. (T/F)-

False

The B vitamins are fat-soluble vitamins (T/F)

False

The liver functions in fat metabolism to control the amounts of glucose, amino acids, and iron released into the blood. (F/T)

False

What type of immune resistance will a person develop after contracting and fighting off an infection

Natural acquired active immunity, you got the disease and you produced antibodies

During the primary immune response, B lymphocytes give rise to plasma cells. (T/F)

True

What defense mechanism responds to the presence of foreign antigens by initiating a cascade of reactions, resulting in inflammation and enhanced phagocytosis in the area

complement system

hepatic duct-

connection liver to the common bile duct, it drains bile from the liver. Transports waste

Chylomicrons transport

dietary fats to the muscle and adipose cells in the blood

greater Umentum is composed of

double layer called parietal membrane

Tissue fluid is formed when fluid___________and lymph is formed when fluid_____________

forced out of the blood plasma, blood capillaries

common bile duct is formed from the

from the hepatic duct from the liver and the cystic duct from the gallbladder

Cholecystokinin stimulates the

gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum

What cells make up the mononuclear phagocytic system

macrophages and monocytes

parotid gland differs from the submandibular and sublingual glands how

parotid gland only consists of serous cells.

How do cytotoxic T cells destroy their targeted cells

perforin

Following contact with its targeted antigen, a B cell will divide and differentiate into_________which produce and secrete antibodies.

plasma cells

Antigen

presenting cells engulf and digest an antigen, then insert antigen fragments on their cell surfaces in association with __Class 2 and makes proteins _

Which of the following occurs during an adaptive immune response?

production of antibodies.

Amino acids can be used for 3 purposes:

protein synthesis to function in various body processes, synthesize proteins for cellular structure and energy

Cholecystokinin regulates

proteins and lipids

The nasal cavity is lined with

pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

functions of the liver

regulates glucose in the blood, secretion of bile, filters the blood, forming glucose from the noncarbohydrates, metabolism formation of urea

What part of an antibody molecule binds to its targeted antigen

the ends of the molecule have light and heavy chain variable regions

secreted by the parietal cells of gastric glands

the parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid

What occurs during a primary immune response?

the plasma antibody increases slowly peaking at about 10 days after exposure to antigen

What is adiponectin

-a protein hormone secreted by adipose cells that effects the response of target cells to insulin

T lymphocytes are responsible for what aspect of defense against infection

Cellular immune response

AIDS is caused by a virus that targets B lymphocytes (T/F)

False

An immunoglobulin molecule is an antigen secreted by T lymphocytes (T/F)

False

Immune cells called___________are activated when their antigen receptors bind to displayed foreign antigens. They will then release cytokines that function to continue the immune response.

Helper T cells

What type of immunoglobulins are involved in type I hypersensitivity

IgE

Treatment with antibiotic drugs is sometimes followed by a deficiency of vitamin

K

What stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall

Presence of proteins and fats in the small intestine

What is the result of a cellular immune response

T cells attach directly to the cells with the foreign antigens and destroy them

As a result of an allergen binding to an IgE antibody, mast cells release histamine. (T/F)

True

B lymphocytes do not interact with antigen presenting cells. Rather, they target "free" antigens (T/F)

True

Anaphylactic shock is a risk with what type of hypersensitivity

Type 1

What type of hypersensitivity involves T lymphocytes?

Type 4 or IV

Examples of fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamin A, D, E and K

Intrinsic factor is important in the absorption of

Vitamin B 12

Vitamin that functions as part of coenzyme A

Vitamin B5, Pantothenic Acid

Vitamin necessary for production of collagen

Vitamin C

Vitamin E is stored primarily in what 2 types of tissue

adipose tissue and muscle

Peripheral tissue cells remove

alleles

enterogastric reflex

begins in stomach and ends in small intestine

What is the target of cytotoxic T cells

cancer and viral infected

The redness and swelling that occurs with inflammation is due to what changes in the infected/injured tissue

increase of blood flow and increase capillary permeability. Trying to get fluid into area.

What is an effect of the activation of the complement system

increases phagocytosis of an antigen

function of gastrin

increases secretion by the gastric glands regulates the production of acid (hydrochloric acid) in the stomach during digestion

Virus-infected cells release_________that function to protect nearby cells from becoming infected.

interferons

List some of the cytokines that are important to an immune response

interleukins 1 and 2, tumor necrosis factor

What type of phagocytic cells are circulating in the blood

monocytes and neutrophils

What normally holds the visceral and parietal pleural membranes together

serous fluid

Where are nucleic acids chemically digested

small intestine

What feature of the spleen allows it to perform its function

spleen is close to lymphatic vessels and venous sinus so lymph can get into the blood stream. filter for blood. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen. Platelets and white blood cells are stored there.

What drives the air out of the lungs during quiet expiration

surface tension and the elastic recoil of the lung tissue