Reviewer AnaPhy (2nd quiz)
flat bones
thin and curved; point of attachments
Illium
top portion of hip bone
osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts
types of bone cells
Intramembranous Endochondral
types of ossification
long bones
typically longer than they are wide; type of bone that is cylinder-like; for movement and support
sphenoid bone
underneath the frontal bone behind the eye cavities
Fibrous joint
united by fibrous connective tissue
Cartilaginous
united by means of cartilage
humerus
upper arm bone; from shoulder to elbow
Maxilla
upper jaw
C7
vertebra prominens
malleus incus stapes
what are the 3 ossicles of the ear
carpals
wrist bones
atlanto-occipital joint
yes joint
marrow
The soft connective tissue that fills the internal spaces in bone.
false ribs
8-10 ribs attached to the 7th rib
ulna
bone in the forearm; pinky side
humerus, femur
bone marrow is numerous at birth at the _____ and ______
clavicle (2) scapula (2)
bones composing the shoulder girdle
scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate
bones in the carpals
Femur (2) Tibia (2) Fibula (2) Patella (2) Tarsals (14) Metatarsals (10) Phalanges (28)
bones in the lower extremity
Humerus (2) Radius (2) Ulna (2) Carpals (16) Metacarpals (10) Phalanges (28)
bones in the upper extremity
humerus radius ulna carpals
bones in the upper extremity
appendicular skeleton
bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid Maxillary
The paranasal sinuses are
irregular bones
bones that do not fit one of the preceding categories; have complex shapes
sternum
breastbone
vomer
midline bone that occupies and divides the nasal cavity
lacrimal bone
side of the eye; located within the orbit above the lateral end of the eye
parietal bone
side of the skull
epiphyseal plate
site of growth between diaphysis and epiphysis; where the growth of long bones take place
Amphiarthrosis
slightly movable joint
sesamoid bones
small and round; embedded in tendons
Canaliculus
small canal
hallux
big toe
floating ribs
11-12 ribs; do not attach to sternum
parathormone and calcitonin
Hormones important for maintaining bones
126 bones
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
80 bones
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
7 bones
How many bones are in the cervical vertebrae?
206 bones
How many bones are in the human body?
30 bones
How many bones are in the lower limb?
5 bones
How many bones are in the lumbar vertebrae?
4 bones
How many bones are in the pectoral girdle?
29 bones
How many bones are in the skull?
25 bones
How many bones are in the thoracic cage?
12 bones
How many bones are in the thoracic vertebrae?
26 bones
How many bones are in the vertebral column?
8 bones
How many cranial bones are there?
14 bones
How many facial bones are there?
compact (dense) bone
hard, smooth layer; protects tissue within
calcaneus
heel bone
parathormone
produced by the parathyroid glands, release calcium into the bloodstream
Calcitonin
produced by thyroid gland, causes the calcium to be stored in bone
bone marrow
produces blood cells; inside cavities of bones
red marrow
produces red blood cells
true ribs
1-7 ribs attached to the sternum
endochondral ossification
Bone formation that occurs inside hyaline cartilage
atlas
C1; first cervical vertebra
axis
C2; second cervical vertebrae
Ligament
Connects bone to bone
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
annulus fibrosus nucleus pulposus
Intervertebral discs made of two parts
spongy bone (cancellous bone)
It is located at the epiphyses of long bones and center of other bones.
clavicle
Long bone; collar bone; Most commonly fractured bone in the body; S shape
paranasal sinuses
Several of the bones associated with the nasal cavity have large cavities within them, called the _____
9-18 months
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:
calf bone
The fibula is also referred to as the:
True
True or False In adults most red bone marrow is in the flat bones and the long bones of the femur and humerus
True
True or False In adults red marrow in the diaphysis is replaced by yellow bone marrow
metopic coronal sagittal lambdoid
What are the 4 major cranial sutures?
Osteoblasts
a bone required for bone synthesis and mineralization; also for bone formation and remodelling
slip disc
a condition of the intervertebral disc where the vertebrae come out of place
Cartilage
a connective tissue that protects bones and joints; ; the environment where the bone develops
thorax
also known as rib cage or thoracic cage
tarsals
ankle bones
incus
anvil; middle of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear
articular joint
are where two bones come together
pectoral girdle
attach the upper limb to the sternum of the axial skeleton
occipital bone
back of head
Flexion
bending
medullary cavity
center of diaphysis red or yellow marrow; the hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow
central canal
center of osteon, contains blood vessels
Zygomatic bone
cheek bone
long bones short bones flat bones irregular bones sesamoid bones
classification of bones according to shape
3-5 bones
coccyx consist of how many bones?
cortical bone
compact bone is also known as
Diaphysis
compact bone tissue (on outside) main or midsection of a long bone; tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone
Tendons
connects bone to muscle
lambdoid suture
connects occipital and parietal bones
sagittal suture
connects the two parietal bones
skeletal system
consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints
convex
consists of the cervical and lumbar curvature
lower extremity
consists of the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges
axial skeleton
consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column; joined by a suture
concave
consists of the thoracic and lumbar curvature
Articular cartilage
covers epiphyses reduces friction
short bones
cube-like; stability and support; are approximately as wide as they are long
Periosteum
dense tough outer shell; contains blood vessels and nerves
axial appendicular
divisions of the skeletal system
patella
example of a sesamoid bone
frontal ethmoid occipital parietal sphenoid temporal
examples of cranial bones
maxilla palatine zygomatic nasal bone lacrimal vomer mandible
examples of facial bones
skull scapula sternum ribs
examples of flat bones
vertebrae sacrum coccyx temporal bone sphenoid ethmoid zygomatic bone maxilla mandible palatine nasal concha hyoid
examples of irregular bones
humerus ulna radius femur tibia fibula metacarpals phalanges metatarsals
examples of long bones
tarsals and carpals
examples of short bones
frontal bone
forehead to coronal suture
intramembranous ossification
forms from the membrane itself (skull)
endochondral ossification
forms in the cartilage (all bones in the body)
nasal bone
forms the bridge of the nose
intervertebral discs
found between vertebrae; absorbs shock
Diarthrosis
freely movable joint
synovial joints
freely movable joints joined by fluid cavity
pubis
front part of pelvis
Protection Attachment site Directs respiratory system Stabilizes portions of the appendicular skeleton
functions of axial skeleton
malleus
hammer; first of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear
6
how many auditory ossicles are there?
300 bones
how many bones do infants have in their body?
2 bones
how many bones in the pelvic girdle
60 bones
how many bones in upper limbs/extremity?
5 bones
how many sacral bones?
ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvic bone
in adults, bone marrow is abundant at ____, _____, _____, and _____
fourth month
in this phase of development, a complete skeleton is formed
first trimester
in this phase of development, cartilages are only formed
ethmoid bone
inside the eye cavity
temporal bone
inside the sides of the skull
patella
kneecap
periosteum compact/dense spongy/cancellous bone bone marrow
layers/types of bone tissues
palatine bone
located at the back of the nasal cavity
radius
long bone in the forearm ; thumb side
femur
longest bone in the body
Osteocytes
longest living bone cells; main cell in mature bone tissue
Mandible
lower jaw
Bones
made up of dense connective tissues, mainly the tough protein collagen
tibia
main bone of lower leg
skeletos
means dried up; mummy
Periosteum
membrane around bone's outer surface
Endosteum
membrane that lines medullary cavity
Abduction
movement away from midline
Rotation
movement of a structure about the long axis
Adduction
movement toward the midline
atlantoaxial joint
no joint
Synarthrosis
non-movable joint
concave convex
normal curves
33 bones
number of bones in vertebral column at birth
16 bones
number of carpals
10 bones
number of metacarpals
28 bones
number of phalanges (hands)
hyoid bone
only bone that does not form a joint
fibula
outer leg; The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
parietal temporal
paired cranial bones
cranial bones (8) facial bones (14) auditory ossicles (6) hyoid (1) vertebral column (26) thoracic cage (25)
parts if the axial skeleton
pectoral girdle (4) upper extremity (60) pelvic girdle (2) lower extremity (60)
parts of the appendicular skeleton
1-2 months
posterior fontanel closes by
Ossification
process of bone formation
osteoclasts
remodelling and maintaining bone mass (healing)
Lamella
rings of bone matrix
Pronation
rotation of the forearm with palms down
Supination
rotation of the forearm with palms up
Epiphysis
rounded end of a long bone; connect adjacent bones to form joints
coronal suture
separates frontal and parietal bones
metopic suture
separates the two frontal bones
scapula
shoulder blade
Lacunae
small spaces between the lamellae which contain osteocytes
fontanelles
soft spots normally present on the skull of a newborn
spongy (cancellous) bone
spaces filled up by the bone marrow; porous honeycomb structure
stapes
stirrup; last of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear; smallest bone in the body
yellow marrow
stores fat
Extension
straightening
Osteon
structural unit of compact bone
talus calcaneus navicular cuneiform cuboid
tarsals consist of the
ischium
the curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis.
growth plate
the epiphyseal plate is known as the
anterior posterior
the fontanelle consists of _____ and _____
upper extremity
the part of the body that includes the arm, wrist, and hand
20%
the skeleton is made up of _____ of the total's body weight
shin bone
the tibia is commonly referred to as the