RHB 4070 Quiz 2

d. all of these.

A check-out at the end of a paraphrase may take all but one of the following forms: a. a head nod indicating agreement. b. a closed questions ("Is that right?"). c. a raised vocal tone at the end that almost turns the paraphrase into a question. d. all of these.

b. a head nod indicating agreement.

A check-out at the end of a paraphrase may take all but one of the following forms: a. an open palm. b. a head nod indicating agreement. c. a closed questions ("Is that right?"). d. a raised vocal tone at the end that almost turns the paraphrase into a question.

c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one does.

A common goal in most interviews, counseling, and therapy is to assist clients in working through discrepancies and conflict. For this question, match the observed client situation with the discrepancy that best describes it. "I really love my brother." (said in a quiet tone with averted eyes) a. Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors. b. Discrepancies in verbal statements. c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one does. d. Discrepancies between statements and nonverbal behavior.

d. Discrepancies between statements and nonverbal behavior

A common goal in most interviews, counseling, and therapy is to assist clients in working through discrepancies and conflict. For this question, match the observed client situation with the discrepancy that best describes it. "I'm not bothered by that." (said with a flushed face and a closed fist) a. Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors. b. Discrepancies in verbal statements. c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one does. d. Discrepancies between statements and nonverbal behavior

b. Discrepancies in verbal statements.

A common goal in most interviews, counseling, and therapy is to assist clients in working through discrepancies and conflict. For this question, match the observed client situation with the discrepancy that best describes it. "My son is perfect; he just doesn't respect me." a. Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors. b. Discrepancies in verbal statements. c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one does. d. Discrepancies between statements and nonverbal behavior.

a. Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors

A common goal in most interviews, counseling, and therapy is to assist clients in working through discrepancies and conflict. For this question, match the observed client situation with the discrepancy that best describes it. The client is smiling, but his/her knuckles are white from clinched fists. a. Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors b. Discrepancies in verbal statements c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one does d. Discrepancies between statements and nonverbal behavior

a. advantaged.

According to Azara Santiago-Rivera, bilingual clients are: a. advantaged. b. disadvantaged. c. neither advantaged or disadvantaged. d. in need of special help.

d. they don't want to draw attention to themselves.

According to Weijun Zhang's essay, some Native American Indians may not ask questions in public because: a. questions may put the other person on the spot. b. they disagree with what is being said by the teacher or speaker. c. they agree with what is being said by the teacher or speaker. d. they don't want to draw attention to themselves.

b. is oriented to bringing out client strengths which they can then use to solve current issues.

According to the authors, the positive asset search: a. is a strategy to avoid difficult issues. b. is oriented to bringing out client strengths which they can then use to solve current issues. c. is possibly too positive and clients may not face up to their real issues. d. is an example of topic jumping.

c. is the degree to which a person adopts the standard way of behaving in a given culture.

Acculturation: a. is accurately identifying the ethnic background of a given client. b. is the process of growth experienced by the client during helping sessions. c. is the degree to which a person adopts the standard way of behaving in a given culture. d. is none of these choices

d. repeated and repeating "minor" insults and stressors received by a client.

Accumulative stress is: a. the result of a major stressor such as rape, cancer, or other traumatic event. b. best handled with minor medication. c. seldom an important issue. d. repeated and repeating "minor" insults and stressors received by a client.

c. well-phrased open questions.

All but one of the following are encouragers: a. head nods. b. single-word repetitions. c. well-phrased open questions. d. open palm.

b. Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out.

An accurate paraphrase usually consists of the following four dimensions: a. Key words, essence of the client's story, reflection of feeling, and a closing. b. Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out. c. Key words, mirroring client body language, quoting the client, and a closing. d. Sentence stem, mirroring client body language, reflection of feeling, and a check-out.

a. continue attending to the client.

As the interviewer, when you don't know what to do next: a. continue attending to the client. b. ask the client to start over. c. consult your notes regarding the client's issues. d. end the session.

c. is encouraging client talk and reducing interviewer talk.

Attending behavior on the part of the helping professional: a. is making sure the client is comfortable before the session begins. b. is attending to client needs as they arise in the session. c. is encouraging client talk and reducing interviewer talk. d. is noting accurate details in the report following the session.

b. the Samurai effect.

Being aware of what one is doing can interfere with coordination and smoothness. This is known in microskills training as: a. the difficulty of practice. b. the Samurai effect. c. the need for fewer skills and a simplified model of training for some beginners. d. the nonverbal effect.

d. all of these.

Client observation skills are important in paraphrasing because: a. nonverbal patterns of behavior may change the meaning of the client's words. b. examples of movement synchrony may show when you hear the client accurately. c. repeating patterns of client language may be observed. d. all of these.

d. verbal underlining, volume and emphasis on key words or phrases.

Clients and interviewers highlight important issues in their statements through: a. written instructions. b. verbal underlining, keeping to the same topic, and higher pitch. c. verbal underlining, topic jumps, and softer vocal tone. d. verbal underlining, volume and emphasis on key words or phrases.

b. using more concrete language.

Counseling children requires: a. more extensive use of questions than with adults. b. using more concrete language. c. avoiding the repetition of paraphrasing. d. summarizing constantly what the child is saying.

d. all of these choices.

Discrepancies may be observed: a. between a client and a situation. b. between verbal statements. c. between what one says and what one does. d. all of these choices. e. none of these choices.

d. all of these.

Discrepancies may be observed: a. between a client and a situation. b. between verbal statements. c. between what one says and what one does. d. all of these.

mirror neurons

Empathy is identifiable by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and other key technologies. Key to this process are _______________ which fire when a human or other primate acts and when they observe actions by another. Many believe that ____________ are one of the most significant discoveries in recent science. This finding demonstrated the importance of empathy.

d. all of these.

Encouraging, paraphrasing and summarizing: a. clarify for the client what he or she has said. b. help clients to talk in more detail about issues of concern. c. communicate to the client what they have said. d. all of these.

a. amygdala.

Energizes the brain and readies it for new information: a. amygdala. b. hippocampus. c. dopamine. d. thalamus.

c. gives too much power to the interviewer.

Excessive use of questions: a. is appropriate with specific practice theories. b. is prohibited in most interviewing methods. c. gives too much power to the interviewer. d. gives too much power to the client.

c. allocates attentional resources.

Executive attention is supported by left brain and the anterior cingulated cortex which: a. makes decisions regardless of emotions. b. combines with the right brain to consider all issues. c. allocates attentional resources. d. allocates emotional resources.

Training as treatment

Goal of social skills training

Key Words

If you listen carefully to clients, you will find that certain words appear again and again in their descriptions of situations. Noting their key words and helping them explore the facts, feelings, and meanings underlying those words may be useful.

a. explore deeper meanings of the concept that has been encouraged.

If you use an encourager correctly, you may anticipate the client will: a. explore deeper meanings of the concept that has been encouraged. b. accurately paraphrase what you have said back to you. c. indicate that he or she appreciates what you are doing. d. stop talking about the topic and move on to something more important.

d. all of these.

In Northern European-North American, middle-class culture, a closed body language system might include: a. complete avoidance of eye contact. b. arms closed tightly over the chest. c. trunk lean away from the interviewer. d. all of these.

d. people to differ in their reactions.

In response to a single stimulus or statement, we may expect: a. clients to be very similar in their reactions to the same stimulus. b. basically similar reactions if you are effective. c. basically similar reactions regardless of effectiveness. d. people to differ in their reactions.

b. selective attention.

It is important for the interviewer be aware of his/her own patterns of: a. verbal underlining. b. selective attention. c. pupil dilation. d. client topic jumps.

The Samurai Effect

Japanese masters of the sword learn their skills through a complex set of highly detailed training exercises. The process of masterful sword work is broken down into specific components that are studied carefully, one at a time. Extensive and intensive practice is basic to a samurai. In this process of mastery, the naturally skilled person often suffers and finds handling the sword awkward at times. The skilled individual may even find performance worsening during the practice of single skills. Being aware of what one is doing can interfere with coordination and smoothness in the early stages. Once the individual skills have been practiced and learned to perfection, the samurai retire to a mountaintop to meditate. They deliberately forget what they have learned. When they return, they find the distinct skills have been naturally integrated into their style or way of being. The samurai then seldom have to think about skills at all; they have become samurai masters.

d. false memories activate different parts of the brain than true memories.

Memories studied via brain scans reveal: a. memories that are false can be identified clearly. b. memories that are true can be identified clearly. c. no distinction between false and true memories. d. false memories activate different parts of the brain than true memories.

c. useful in shifting clients away from negative topics.

Nonattention is: a. avoided by effective interviewers. b. not a valid skill for the interviewer. c. useful in shifting clients away from negative topics. d. rude behavior for the interviewer

d. vital to establishing a helping relationship.

Observation is: a. secondary to attending and questioning skills. b. less important when you videotape interview sessions. c. focusing only on your client's speech in the interview. d. vital to establishing a helping relationship.

c. of your client means totally focusing on the client's speech and behavior in the interview.

Observation: a. skills are secondary to attending and questioning skills. b. skills are less important when you video tape sessions. c. of your client means totally focusing on the client's speech and behavior in the interview. d. of what occurs between you and your clients verbally and nonverbally is vital to establishing a helping relationship.

Observation

Observe your own and the client's verbal and nonverbal behavior. Anticipate individual and multicultural differences in nonverbal and verbal behavior. Carefully and selectively feed back some here-and-now observations to the client as topics for exploration.

b. encourage others to talk, bring out specifics

Open questions ________, and closed questions ________. a. focus the interview, provide maximum information b. encourage others to talk, bring out specifics c. bring out specifics, encourage others to talk d. can be answered with few words, cannot be answered with few words

c. that they have been listened to.

Paraphrasing and summarizing communicates to clients: a. that it is time for the session to end. b. that the interviewer is skilled. c. that they have been listened to. d. that the interviewer can tell their story better. e. that interviewer talk is important during the helping session.

Personal Strength Inventory

Personal Strength Inventory is a structured questioning format to help clients identify their previous successes and strengths. Basically, we can help them center and feel better about themselves through a _______________. What is the client doing right? As part of any session, we suggest to do a strength inventory.

d. recognize, that while essential, there are potential problems associated with questioning clients.

Proficient interviewers: a. know that questions are absolutely required to complete an effective client session. b. always use questions more than any other skill during client sessions. c. never use questions during client sessions. d. recognize, that while essential, there are potential problems associated with questioning clients.

d. all of these

Questions: a. provide a systematic framework for directing the interview. b. help an interview begin and move along slowly. c. help to open and close client talk. d. all of these.

d. Direct eye contact differences are easily noted, but cultural differences are so varied that findings are inconclusive and unhelpful.

Regarding visual/eye contact, which of the following is NOT true? a. Direct eye contact is considered a sign of interest with European-North American middle classes. b. Direct eye contact is a sign of disrespect with Native American and Latin American young people. c. Direct eye contact is generally avoided by Inuit and Aboriginal Australians. d. Direct eye contact differences are easily noted, but cultural differences are so varied that findings are inconclusive and unhelpful.

a. encouraging.

Silence, minimum verbal utterances, and head nods are effective ways of: a. encouraging. b. paraphrasing. c. summarizing. d. reflecting feeling.

b. can be useful in a session when clients need to think through their responses.

Silence: a. can cause client discomfort and must be used sparingly. b. can be useful in a session when clients need to think through their responses. c. is not a useful tool for the helping professional. d. is useful when followed by detailed analysis of the client's issue(s).

c. can be frightening to the beginning helper.

Silence: a. needs to be avoided in some cultural contexts. b. is central when you are working with a client whom you do not really understand as it gives them more time to think and talk. c. can be frightening to the beginning helper. d. is difficult for clients, so the counselor needs to fill in the time.

d. all of these choices.

Social skills training may refer to: a. dating behavior. b. drug-refusal skills. c. assertiveness training. d. all of these choices. e. none of these choices.

b. verbal tracking.

Staying with the topic is important in: a. verbal underlining. b. verbal tracking. c. most non-attending responses. d. effective vocal qualities.

c. is discriminatory and naïve.

Stereotyping a client: a. is useful to determine which microskills to apply during a session. b. is relatively easy within multicultural clients. c. is discriminatory and naïve. d. is determined by the acculturation of individual clients.

b. begin or end an interview.

Summarizing encompasses a longer period of conversation and is used to: a. define your agenda for the counseling session. b. begin or end an interview. c. organize the auditory, visual, and kinesthetic primary representational system. d. close a session and prepare for the next visit.

c. research and counseling practice has revealed that it can be highly beneficial to many clients.

Teaching attending behavior to clients is recommended by the authors as: a. it will make clients into beginning interviewers and counselors. b. it provides something to do when the interview begins to slow down. c. research and counseling practice has revealed that it can be highly beneficial to many clients. d. all of these. e. none of these.

a. Goal, Reality, Options, Way.

The basic elements of skilled coaching include all of the following. a. Goal, Reality, Options, Way. b. Effectiveness, Positive living, Opportunity, Action. c. Effective living, Opportunity, Reality, Accountability. d. Goal, Responsibility, Options, Working.

d. search for times when their problem doesn't occur and find positive strengths through cultural and family context.

The positive asset search enables clients to: a. ignore really difficult problems. b. search for times when their problem doesn't occur. c. find positive strengths through cultural and family context. d. search for times when their problem doesn't occur and find positive strengths through cultural and family context.

b. includes the general picture, key facts, emotions, and sometimes reasons.

The ultimate goal of the counselor is to draw out the client's full story. The full story: a. will usually come in sequential order. b. includes the general picture, key facts, emotions, and sometimes reasons. c. can usually be documented at the close of the first session. d. includes the general picture and key facts.

c. moderating your tone and speech rate to the client and the situation.

Vocal qualities mean: a. tracking the client's story without interruption. b. noting what clients discuss and what they avoid. c. moderating your tone and speech rate to the client and the situation. d. facing the client when you are speaking with them.

a. Direct, angry eye contact and a more aggressive body posture.

When clients talk about topics that are uncomfortable to them, one may expect all but one of the following. a. Direct, angry eye contact and a more aggressive body posture. b. Shifts in eye contact patterns, body movement, and changing vocal qualities. c. Slower vocal qualities coupled with shifts in eye contact patterns. d. They may hesitate and try to change the topic.

a. movement synchrony.

When the client and the interviewer are communicating well, they "mirror" each other's body language. This is known as: a. movement synchrony. b. movement complementarity. c. movement dissynchrony. d. none of these types of movement.

c. restatement.

When the counselor repeats short statements, two or more words, exactly as used by the client, this is known as a: a. paraphrase. b. summary. c. restatement. d. reflection.

c. summarizing.

When the interviewer opens a session, "Let's see, last time we discussed...," he/she is most likely: a. encouraging. b. paraphrasing. c. summarizing. d. reflecting feeling

c. often demonstrate movement symmetry or complementarity.

When you use observation skills competently as an interviewer, you can predict the client will: a. often become very defensive. b. pay more attention to interviewer instructions. c. often demonstrate movement symmetry or complementarity. d. express more emotional release.

d. All of these.

Which of the following is a valid element of observation skills? a. Observe your own and the client's verbal and nonverbal behavior. b. Anticipate individual and multicultural differences. c. Carefully and selectively feedback observations to the client as discussion topics. d. All of these.

b. verbal mirroring technique

Which of the following is not a component of attending behavior? a. attentive and authentic body language b. verbal mirroring technique c. visual / eye contact d. verbal tracking e. vocal qualities

c. What did I tell you?

Which of the following questions will NOT help the client provide more information? a. What else is going on in your life? b. What might we have missed? c. What did I tell you? d. Have we missed anything?

c. You may draw out client talk with a careful balance of open and closed questions.

Which of the following statements best describes how the interviewer uses questions and encourages less verbal clients to talk? a. You may draw out client talk with open questions only. b. You may draw out client talk with closed questions only. c. You may draw out client talk with a careful balance of open and closed questions. d. You may draw out client talk without the use of questions at all.

c. "I went to a movie last night, we walked in and I saw my friend Jim. Then we bought popcorn and we sat down."

Which of the following statements represent a concrete client statement? a. "I feel mixed-up and confused." b. "Why did this happen to me?" c. "I went to a movie last night, we walked in and I saw my friend Jim. Then we bought popcorn and we sat down." d. "My lover is mean to me."

d. All of these.

Which of the following suggestions may encourage clients talk more freely with you? a. Build trust at the client's pace. b. Accept some randomness. c. Search for concrete specifics. d. All of these.

d. All of these choices

Which one of the following statements helps a new interviewer become aware of their own pattern of selective attention? a. Relax. Build on the client's topic and learn about your client over time. b. You don't want to lose track of key issues, but you can't attack every client issue at once. c. Be alert to your own pattern of selective attention. d. All of these choices. e. None of these choices.

c. how

Which question is the most helpful for bringing out client feelings or emotions? a. could b. what c. how d. why

d. why

Which question is the most helpful in bringing out client reasoning? a. could b. what c. how d. why

b. what

Which question is the most helpful in bringing out facts within the client's story? a. could b. what c. how d. why

a. could

Which question is the most helpful to encourage others to talk? a. could b. what c. how d. why

c. how

Which question opener will be MOST useful for bringing out client feelings and emotions? a. could b. what c. how d. why

d. all of these.

Working with children, it helps if: a. you are a warm, talkative person. b. you avoid leading questions. c. you use concrete language. d. all of these.

d. Reflecting feeling

________ is demonstrated when the interviewer responds to the client, "You really feel frustrated, almost crazy, over the situation." a. Encouraging b. Paraphrasing c. Summarizing d. Reflecting feeling

Closed questions

__________ enable you to obtain specific information and tend to be answered in very few words. __________ often begin with is, are, or do.

Movement harmonics

___________ help us better understand verbal and nonverbal communication. When two people are talking together and communicating well, they often exhibit movement synchrony or movement complementarity in that their bodies move in a harmonious fashion. When people are not communicating clearly, movement dissynchrony will appear: Body shifts, jerks, and pulling away are readily apparent.

Newspaper questions

___________ include who, what, when, where, how, and why.

Visual/eye contact

___________ refers to looking at people when you speak to them.

Attending behaviors (3 V's 1 B)

____________ consists of four simple but critical dimensions. All of these need to be modified to meet individual and cultural differences. 1. Visual/eye contact. 2. Vocal qualities. Your vocal tone and speech rate indicate much of how you feel about another person. 3. Verbal tracking. Don't change the subject. Keep to the topic initiated by the client. If you selectively attend to an aspect of the story or a different topic, realize the purpose of your change. 4. Body language: attentive and genuine. Face clients naturally, lean slightly forward, have an expressive face, and use facilitative, encouraging gestures.

Paraphrasing

____________ helps to shorten and clarify the essence of what has just been said, but be sure to use the client's main words when you paraphrase. They are often fed back to the client in a questioning tone of voice.

Movement complementarity

____________ is paired movements that may not be identical but are still harmonious.

Additive empathy

_____________ means that the interviewer response adds a link to something the client has said earlier or a new idea or frame of reference that helps the client see a new perspective. Wellness and the positive asset search can be vital parts of additive empathy.

Person-centered theory

______________ was founded by Carl Rogers, who revolutionized the helping field by clearly identifying the importance of listening as the foundation for human change. A major assumption of person-centered theory is that the client is competent and self-actualizing. Interviewer skills are used to help the client uncover internal strength and resilience.

Basic empathy

_______________ means that the interviewer response is roughly interchangeable with those of the client. The interviewer is able to say back accurately what the client has said.

Checkout

_______________ or perception check is a brief question at the end of the communication, asking the client for feedback on whether what you said was relatively correct and useful. Periodically checking with your client helps to (a) communicate that you are listening and encourages her or him to continue; and, (b) allows the client to correct any wrong assumptions you may have.

Body language

________________ is nonverbal communication via the movements, gestures, or postures of the body. It is essential to build trust, show interest, express warmth, and demonstrates attentiveness and authenticity.

Verbal tracking

_________________is effectively following the client's story. Don't change the subject; stay with the client's topic

Open questions

_______________are those that can't be answered in a few words. They encourage others to talk and provide you with maximum information. Typically, ______________begin with what, how, why, or could.

Encouragers

_______________are verbal and nonverbal expressions the counselor or therapist can use to prompt clients to continue talking. They are minimal verbal utterances ("ummm" and "uh-huh"), head nods, open-handed gestures, and positive facial expressions that encourage the client to keep talking. Silence, accompanied by appropriate nonverbal communication, can be another type of this.

Active listening

_______________is a communication process that requires active participation, decision making, and responding on our part.

Subtractive empathy

_______________refers to the interviewer response to the client that is less than what the client has said and perhaps even distorts or misunderstands the client. In this case, the listening skills are used inappropriately and take the client off track.

Restatement

______________is another type of extended encourager in which the counselor or interviewer repeats short statements, two or more words exactly as used by the client

Encouraging

______________is comprised of short responses that help clients keep talking. They may be verbal (repeating key words and short statements) or nonverbal (head nods and smiling)

Acculturation

______________is the degree to which an individual has adopted the norms or standard way of behaving in a given culture.

Basic listening sequence (BLS)

______________is used to draw out clients' stories by using open and closed questions, encouraging, paraphrasing, reflecting feelings, and summarizing.

Verbal underlining

_____________is giving louder volume and increased vocal emphasis to certain words and phrases.

Nonattention

_____________is lack of, reduction, or removal of attending behavior; usually leads to ineffective communication.

Empathy

____________is the ability to enter the world of the client and to communicate that we understand his or her world as the client sees and experiences it. Attending and listening behaviors are the ways in which you communicate ____________and understanding to the client.

Social skills training

___________involves psychoeducational methods to teach clients an array of interpersonal skills and behaviors, such as listening, assertiveness, dating, drug refusal, mediation, and job interviewing procedures. Virtually all interpersonal actions can be taught through ______________.

Observing

___________is the act of watching carefully and intentionally with the purpose of understanding behavior. In spite of what some professionals believe, mastering this skill is not easy.

Listening

___________is the core of developing a relationship and making real contact with clients

Vocal qualities

___________refer to your vocal tone and speech rate, which should be appropriate to the client and the situation.

The Samurai Magic

__________is intentional practice!

Selective attention

__________is what we choose to listen to

b. "other" statements.

he collectivist orientation in many cultural groups emphasize: a. "I" statements. b. "other" statements. c. sharing perceptions of the collective community. d. noting discrepancies with the majority culture.

Attending behavior

is defined at supporting your client with individually and culturally appropriate visuals, vocal quality, and body language.

Movement synchrony

refers to the situation in which people who are communicating well "mirror" each other's body language.

Summarizing

uses client comments and integrates thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. This is similar to paraphrasing but used over a longer time span.