rights testt
the US supreme court based its decisions in the Baker v Carr (1961) and Shaw v Reno (1993) cases on the
14th amendment equal protection clause
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
Title IX
A United States law enacted on June 23, 1972 that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."
which of the following is an example of a civil rights violation?
A local police department refuses to hire any Muslim officers
Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?
A public school system uses race-based segregation.
which of the following policies is most likely to cause tension between the competing values of individualism and equality of opportunity
Implementing affirmative action programs
Shaw v. Reno
NO racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts.
Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
The Fourteenth Amendment requires a State to license a marriage between two people of the same sex and to recognize a marriage between two people of the same sex when their marriage was lawfully licensed and performed out-of-State.
the us supreme courts decision in brown v board of education of topeka was based on which of the following?
The Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protections
15th Amendment (1870)
U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed
Plessy v. Ferguson
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
Voting Rights Act of 1965
a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage. Gave the federal government the power to register voters in areas where Blacks were being discriminated against.
Baker v. Carr
case that est. one man one vote. this decision created guidelines for drawing up congresional districts and guaranteed a more equitable system of representation to the citizens of each state
In their struggle for equal treatment, women, unlike blacks, had to deal with a legal tradition that
claimed to be protecting them
the difference between de facto and de jure segregation is that
de facto results from private choices, de jure from public law
the nineteenth amendment to the constitution, the proposed Equal Rights Amendment and Title IX of the education amendments of 1972 were all directed toward the goal of
equality for women
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
forbids discrimination in all areas of the employment relationship
Bostock v. Clayton County
held that workplace discrimination was illegal throughout the nation under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
the grandfather clause is significant in the US political history for which of the following reasons?
it was a means whereby Black citizens in southern states were disenfranchised
Civil Rights Act of 1964
outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
Jim Crow laws, still in place in the early 1960s in the South, were outlawed by the
passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
in please v ferguson, the US supreme court ruled that state imposter racial segregation is constitutional based on
separate but equal doctrine
If a college's admission policy is to reserve twenty seats in its incoming class for applicants belonging to racial minority groups is challenged in the courts, a judge is likely to
strike down the policy because reserving seats amounts to a quota system
which of the following is contained in the fourteenth amendment and was likely an inspiration for martin luther king jrs "letter from a birmingham jail"?
the principle that all people should be equal under the law, as embodied in the equal protection clause
civil rights activists often find the most effective way initially to secure those rights is
through litigation in the courts to gain legal protection against discrimination
the passing of the voting rights act of 1965 is a significant political event because it
was instrumental in increasing the number of African American and other minority voters