rights testt

the US supreme court based its decisions in the Baker v Carr (1961) and Shaw v Reno (1993) cases on the

14th amendment equal protection clause

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Title IX

A United States law enacted on June 23, 1972 that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."

which of the following is an example of a civil rights violation?

A local police department refuses to hire any Muslim officers

Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

A public school system uses race-based segregation.

which of the following policies is most likely to cause tension between the competing values of individualism and equality of opportunity

Implementing affirmative action programs

Shaw v. Reno

NO racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts.

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

The Fourteenth Amendment requires a State to license a marriage between two people of the same sex and to recognize a marriage between two people of the same sex when their marriage was lawfully licensed and performed out-of-State.

the us supreme courts decision in brown v board of education of topeka was based on which of the following?

The Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protections

15th Amendment (1870)

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Voting Rights Act of 1965

a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage. Gave the federal government the power to register voters in areas where Blacks were being discriminated against.

Baker v. Carr

case that est. one man one vote. this decision created guidelines for drawing up congresional districts and guaranteed a more equitable system of representation to the citizens of each state

In their struggle for equal treatment, women, unlike blacks, had to deal with a legal tradition that

claimed to be protecting them

the difference between de facto and de jure segregation is that

de facto results from private choices, de jure from public law

the nineteenth amendment to the constitution, the proposed Equal Rights Amendment and Title IX of the education amendments of 1972 were all directed toward the goal of

equality for women

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

forbids discrimination in all areas of the employment relationship

Bostock v. Clayton County

held that workplace discrimination was illegal throughout the nation under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

the grandfather clause is significant in the US political history for which of the following reasons?

it was a means whereby Black citizens in southern states were disenfranchised

Civil Rights Act of 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Jim Crow laws, still in place in the early 1960s in the South, were outlawed by the

passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

in please v ferguson, the US supreme court ruled that state imposter racial segregation is constitutional based on

separate but equal doctrine

If a college's admission policy is to reserve twenty seats in its incoming class for applicants belonging to racial minority groups is challenged in the courts, a judge is likely to

strike down the policy because reserving seats amounts to a quota system

which of the following is contained in the fourteenth amendment and was likely an inspiration for martin luther king jrs "letter from a birmingham jail"?

the principle that all people should be equal under the law, as embodied in the equal protection clause

civil rights activists often find the most effective way initially to secure those rights is

through litigation in the courts to gain legal protection against discrimination

the passing of the voting rights act of 1965 is a significant political event because it

was instrumental in increasing the number of African American and other minority voters