Rocks

Which rocks have a fine-grained texture? Check all that apply.

1 5

Look at the images of different rocks. Which rocks have a fine-grained texture? Check all that apply.

1, 5

How many types of rocks can form from the rock cycle?

3

Building, Art, Tools

3 Major uses of Rock

slate, marble, quartzite

3 examples of Metamorphic Rock

Breccia, Coal, Limestone

3 examples of Sedimentary Rocks

Clastic, Organic, Chemical

3 kinds of Sedimentary Rock

Building, Food, Jewelry, Medicine

4 Major Uses of Minerals

Naturally Occurring, Inorganic, Solid-Always, Crystal Structure, Definite chemical composition

5 Characteristics a substance needs to be called a mineral

Fluorescence, Magnetism, Reactivity, Radioactive, Optical, Electrical

6 Special Properties of Minerals

Color, Streak, Luster, Density, Hardness, Crystal Systems, Cleavage/Fracture

7 Identifying Characteristics of Minerals

Moh's scale of hardness

A comparative scale used to determine the hardness of minerals by scratching one against another.

Chert

A hard sedimentary rock made from decomposed sea life. Chert has been used for stone tools in the past.

Non-foliated rocks

A metamorphic rock that does not have parallel layers of mineral grains

Foliated rocks

A metamorphic rock that has mineral grains which line up in parallel layers

Rock

A mixture of minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, and other natural materials

Rock

A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter

Rock

A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter.

Compaction

A process that squeezes, or presses, sediments into sedimentary rocks

Igneous Rock

A rock that forms when magma cools

Coal

A sedimentary rock made from decomposed dead plants.

Limestone

A sedimentary rock made from decomposed marine creatures.

Coquina

A sedimentary rock made from fossilized seashells stuck together.

Sandstone

A sedimentary rock made from grains of sand.

Shale

A sedimentary rock made from microscopic mud particles.

Breccia

A sedimentary rock made with large, angled particles.

Conglomerate

A sedimentary rock made with large, rounded particles.

Chemical sedimentary rock

A sedimentary rock that is formed when dissolved minerals come out of solution

Rock

A substance that forms in nature, is a solid and contains at least 2 minerals

Mineral

A substance that forms in nature, is a solid, has a definite chemical makeup and has a crystal structure

Metamorphic Rock

A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions

Igneous rock

A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.

Metamorphic Rock

A type of rock that forms when Igneous or sedimentary rock get changed by great pressure and temperature.

Sedimentary Rock

A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are compacted and cemented together.

Sedimentary Rock

A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together

Sedimentary Rock

A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together in layers

Which statements accurately describe the rock cycle? Check all that apply.

A. Any type of rock can change into any other type of rock by weathering and erosion. C. Rocks change slowly over time. D. The rock cycle shows how the three rock types relate to one another.

What happens when magma cools during the rock cycle?

A. Igneous rock is formed.

Study the image of this rock. Which characteristic best supports its formation from sedimentary processes?

A. It has many layers.

Why are rocks important to geologists? Check all that apply.

A. They give clues about Earth's past environments. B. They present opportunities for future use in technology. C. They contain valuable resources used for building.

Which phrases apply to metamorphic rocks? Check all that apply.

A. form under extreme heat and pressure B. form from existing rocks

Which phrases describe what the rock cycle shows? Check all that apply.

A. how rocks change from one type to another B. which processes are involved in rock changes

A geologist is studying a massive rock outcrop. The texture of the rock is coarse-grained with large round grains. The geologist determines that the rock probably formed when lava cooled on Earth's surface. What type of rock has the geologist identified?

A. igneous

Agents of chemical weathering

Acids; gases; minerals in water.

Weathering

Any process that breaks rocks down into smaller pieces.

Mineral grains

Atoms and compounds that rearrange themselves into new crystals

Which statement describes the relationship between minerals and rocks?

B. Aggregates of minerals form rocks.

Study this image. Which statements best describe the rock shown? Check all that apply.

B. This rock has several coarse grains. C. The grains in this rock are very large. D. This rock has a non-banded pattern.

This image shows a model of the rock cycle. Which processes contribute to the formation of rock at point R? Check all that apply.

B. cooling as the lava runs down the mountain C. melting of rocks to form magma underground

Which properties of grains determine the texture of rocks?

B. pattern D. shape E. size

Granite rock is light in color. Which feature directly contributes to this color?

B. the amount of silica minerals in granite

Examples of Igneous rock

Basalt, granite, obsidian, scoria.

Which property of a rock determines its color?

C. its mineral composition

This image shows the rock cycle. Which event most likely occurs at point K?

C. melting

Florian discovers a rock that is broken into pieces. Each piece has several bands. Which type of rock does Florian predict these pieces will change into when subjected to heat and pressure?

C. metamorphic

What determines the color of a rock?

C. mineral type

Weathering

Chemical or physical process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces.

Examples of Sedimentary rock

Coal, sandstone, mudstone, gypsum, limestone.

Examples of minerals

Diamond, quartz, feldspar, talc, biotite.

Origin

Distinguishing Characteristic of Igneous Rock

Arrangement of Grains

Distinguishing Characteristic of Metamorphic Rock

Types of Sediments

Distinguishing Characteristic of Sedimentary Rock

Pumice

Light grey igneous rock with a bubbly texture, that can float on water.

Sediments

Loose materials such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and bits and pieces of shell that have been moved by wind, water, or ice

Sediments

Loose pieces of rock, sand, dust, clay, or dirt.

Basaltic rocks

These are dense dark colored igneous rock that form from magma that is rich in magnesium and iron, and low in silica

Granitic rocks

These are light colored igneous rock that have a lower density than basaltic rocks

Weathering

This process, which breaks down rocks into smaller pieces

Which statements best describe the rock shown? Check all that apply.

This rock has several coarse grains. The grains in this rock are very large. This rock has a non-banded pattern.

Andesitic rocks

This type of magma has a chemical composition that is between basaltic and granitic rock

Feldspar, Quartz, Hornblende, Mice, Silica

Top 5 rock forming minerals

Extrusive and Intrusive

Two Types of Igneous rocks

Foliated and Non-Foliated

Two types of Metamorphic Rock

The rock cycle

Used to explain the endless cycle of change that rocks undergo.

Sedimentation

When layers of rocks, sand, clay and other particles are deposited in layers over millions of years.

Compatction

When layers of sediment are squeezed together.

Deposition

When pieces of rock are dropped and no longer moving.

Cementation

When sediments are glued together to form rock.

Compound

When two or more atoms of different elements bind together

Hardness

a mineral's ability to resist being scratched

mineral

a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition

chemical weathering

a process that changes the composition of rocks

Mohs Hardness Scale

a scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals

rock

a solid material made of minerals that forms the Earth's crust

Extrusive

a type of igneous rock formed on the surface of earth from lava. They have small or no crystals because they form quickly.

intrusive

a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface.

Intrusive

a type of igneous rock with large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface.

A rock is an ___________ of minerals.

aggregate

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. Which processes cause sand particles to form sandstone? Check all that apply.

cementation compaction

Properties

characteristics used to describe a substance

The _____ of a rock is a result of its mineral composition.

color

Which processes contribute to the formation of rock at point R? Check all that apply.

cooling as the lava runs down the mountain melting of rocks to form magma underground

foliated

describes metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands.

extrusive

fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface

delta

flat, low-lying triangular shaped land built up from silt carried downstream by a river and deposited at its mouth

deposition

process in which sediment is laid down in new locations

compaction

process that forms sedimentary rocks from sediments compressed by the weight of the rock layers above them

Igneous Rock

rock that forms when magma or lava cool a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock (magma & lava) at or below Earth's surface

igneous rock

rock that forms when molten rock cools and hardens

sedimentary rock

rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together

Metamorphic Rock

rock that is changed by great HEAT and PRESSURE

Which type of rock needs weathering or erosion to form?

sedimentary

Rock Cycle

sequence of events in which rocks are formed, destroyed, altered, and reformed by geological processes (a continuous process where one rock type changes into another).

Rock Cycle

sequence of events in which rocks are formed, destroyed, altered, and reformed by geological processes (a process where one rock type changes into another).

Sediments

small pieces of rocks that are broken up.

Granite rock is light in color. Which feature directly contributes to this color?

the amount of silica minerals in granite

Streak

the color of the powder left behind when you rub a mineral against a streak plate

Deposition

the placement or dropping of sediment after being carried away.

rock cycle

the process by which one rock type changes into another; between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

compaction

the process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight

Erosion

the process by which wind and water remove and carry small pieces of weathered rock from one place to another

erosion

the process of moving sediment from one place to another

mechanical weathering

the process of physically breaking down rock.

Lithosphere

the solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle

Luster

the way a mineral reflects light from its surface

Luster

the way a mineral's surface reflects light from its surface

Cementation

"Gluing sediments together" (The sticking together of sediments)

Constructive forces

Forces that shape Earth's surface by building mountains and landmasses

Destructive forces

Forces that wear away or break down land masses on the earth's surface (weathering and erosion)

Magma

Hot, melted rock material BENEATH Earth's surface

Lava

Hot, melted rock material that reaches the Earth's SURFACE.

What happens when magma cools during the rock cycle?

Igneous rock is formed.

Extrusive Rock

Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface

Intrusive Rock

Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface.

Intrusive rocks

Igneous rocks that form at deep depths of the Earth. They contain large mineral grains because they cool slowly.

Intrusive rocks

Igneous rocks that form at deep depths of the Earth. They contain large mineral grains or crystals because they cool slowly.

Extrusive rocks

Igneous rocks that form when lava cools on Earth's surface. They contain small mineral grains because they cool quickly.

Extrusive rocks

Igneous rocks that form when lava cools on Earth's surface. They contain small mineral grains or crystals because they cool quickly.

Minerals

Inorganic crystalline substances found naturally in the earth.

Minerals

Inorganic, solid crystalline substances found naturally in the earth.

Which characteristic best supports its formation from sedimentary processes?

It has many layers.

Examples of Metamorphic rock

Marble, slate, gneiss.

Magma

Melted rock material composed of common elements and fluids that is found below Earth's surface

Lava

Melted rock material composed of common elements and fluids that reaches Earth's surface

Magma

Melted rock material that is found below Earth's surface

Lava

Melted rock material that reaches Earth's surface

Magma

Molten rock beneath the planet's surface.

Lava

Molten rock that reaches a planet's surface through a volcano or other opening in the crust

Cementation

Occurs when minerals such as quartz, calcite, and hematite are deposited between sediments and 'glue' the sediments together.

Cementation

Occurs when minerals such as quartz, calcite, and hematite are deposited between sediments.

Mineral

Particular combinations and arrangements of atoms that can be identified by their physical properties: the size and shape of the crystals that form them.

Compaction

Pressure from all of the built up layers pushes down on the lower layers causing the small fragments to form solid rock

Erosion, Deposition, Cementation

Process that forms Chemical rocks (minerals dissolved in a solution)

Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation

Process that forms Clastic rocks (formed by rock fragments) 4 Processes

Deposition, Compaction, Cementation

Process that forms Organic rocks (formed by remains of once living things)

Erosion

Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and MOVED to a different place.

Fossils

Remains of living things turned to stone. Fossils are only found in sedimentary rocks.

metamorphic

Rocks changed by intense heat or extreme pressure

Sedimentary Rock

Rocks formed from other rocks and minerals.

Organic sedimentary rocks

Rocks that are made of the remains of once-living things

Sedimentary rocks

Rocks that form when sediments are pressed together by great pressure, or when minerals form in solution

Metamorphic rocks

Rocks that have changed because of changes in temperature and pressure or the presence of hot, watery fluids

Metamorphic rocks

Rocks that have changed because of changes in temperature and pressure or the presence of hot, watery fluids (magma)

As streams flow through Stone Mountain, layers of sand build up. Over time, the sand particles form a sedimentary rock called sandstone. What causes sandstone to change into metamorphic rock at Stone Mountain?

Sandstone experiences intense heat and pressure.

Layers

Sedimentary rocks are formed in layers.

Chemical/Crystalline Rock

Sedimentary rocks formed when minerals are dissolved in water and then the water evaporates.

Clastic Rock

Sedimentary rocks formed when pieces of other rocks or sediments are cemented together.

Detrital rocks

Sedimentary rocks that have a granular texture, kind of like granulated sugar. And they are named according to the shapes and sizes of the sediments that form them.

Sediment

Solid materials such as rock fragments, plant and animal remains, or minerals that are carried by water, wind, ice, gravity, or some other natural force and settle in a new location (bottom of a body of water or at the foot of hills and mountains)

Agents of physical weathering

Temperature; ice and water; plants; crystallization of salts; wind.

Crustal Deformation

The bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth's crust caused mainly by movement of the tectonic plates.

Streak

The color of the powder left when a mineral is rubbed against a hard rough surface

The Rock Cycle

The continuous change of rocks from one form to another.

Erosion

The movement of pieces of rock from one place to another.

Erosion

The movement of sediments from one location to another

cementation

The process by which dissolved minerals crystalize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass.

Weathering

The process by which natural forces break down rocks and minerals.

Erosion

The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another

geology

The scientific study of the origin, history, composition, and structure of the earth.

Atom

The smallest unit of matter

Which type of rock is formed from molten materials?

igneous

Stone Mountain is a great example of the rock cycle at work. Streams erode existing ___________ and _____________________ rocks. The processes of compaction and cementation form these sand particles into sandstone, a _______________ rock.

igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary.

sediments

loose materials such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and bits of shell that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity

lava

magma that reaches Earth's surface

Florian discovers a rock that is broken into pieces. Each piece has several bands. Which type of rock does Florian predict these pieces will change into when subjected to heat and pressure?

metamorphic

Most rocks contain more than one type of

mineral

magma

molten rock beneath the earth's surface

Cleavage

physical property of some minerals that causes them to break along smooth, flat surfaces

cementation

process in which dissolved materials crystallize and glue and sediments together

Deposition

process in which sediment is laid down in new locations