RSPT 2317 Ch. 3 review questions (Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System)

Bronchodilation can be archived using which kind(s) of agent?

? Stimulating the sympathetic (sympathomimetic) nervous system and blocking the parasympathetic (parasympatholytic) nervous system both cause bronchodilation.

Skeletal muscles are found in:

An example of skeletal muscle would be the diaphragm. Blood vessels and airways contain smooth muscle, and the heart contains specialized cardiac muscles.

What would be the anticholinergic response in the eyes, lungs, and heart?

Anticholinergic responses include pupil dilation, bronchodilation, and increased heart rate and force contraction.

Indicate whether the following pertain to the sympathetic nervous system (S), parasympathetic nervous system (P), or both (B): Fight or flight, Digestion, ACh at preganglion, NE, ACh at postganglion

Fight or flight (S), Digestion (P), ACh at preganglion (B), NE (S), ACh at postganglion (P)

Match synonymous terms in the autonomic nervous system: Sympathomimetic, parasympathomimetic, sympatholytic, parasympatholytic

Sympathomimetic (adrenergic), parasympathomimetic (cholinergic), sympatholytic (antiadrenergic), parasympatholytic (anticholinergic)

Differentiate afferent and efferent nerve impulses.

The peripheral nervous system is composed of all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. Sensory information is carried via afferent nerves from all parts of the body to the brain. The brain sends motor information via efferent nerves to have effects on various parts of the body.

What branches make up the peripheral nervous system?

The somatic, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous systems all lie outside the central nervous system.

Contrast the two branches of the autonomic nervous system.

The sympathetic nervous system is the fight-or-flight system, and it responds to stressful situations. The parasympathetic nervous system controls the day-to-day bodily activities, and it is necessary to maintain the body. These systems work in opposition to each other.

Give the physiologic responses to the following: a.) beta2 stimulation, b.) beta1 stimulation, c.) alpha1 stimulation, d.) beta2 inhibition

a.) beta2 stimulation (Beta2-receptors are found in airway smooth muscle and certain blood vessels. When stimulated, they cause bronchodilation and vasodilation) b.) beta1 stimulation (Beta1-receptors are primarily found in cardiac muscle. When stimulated, they cause an increase in heart rate and force of contraction) c.) alpha1 stimulation (Alpha-receptors are found in smooth muscles of blood vessels. When stimulated, they cause vasoconstriction) d.) beta2 inhibition (Beta2 inhibition blocks the normal beta2 response, thus causing bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction)