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Positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs, Confusion, anxiety, possible psychoses Hyperactive deep-tendon reflexes

Hypocalcemia

Arterial blood gases (ABGs) may show alkalosis T-wave flattening and ST-segment depression on ECG

Hypokalemia

Cardiac dysrhythmias Depressed deep-tendon reflexes Weak, irregular pulses

Hypokalemia

Muscle weakness, leg cramps Fatigue, lethargy Anorexia, nausea, vomiting Decreased bowel sounds, decreased bowel motility

Hypokalemia

ST depression, shallow T wave, projecting U wave

Hypokalemia

T-wave flattening and ST-segment depression on ECG

Hypokalemia

Disorientation and confusion Vertigo, Anorexia, dysphagia Respiratory difficulties

Hypomagnesemia

Neuromuscular irritability with tremors Increased reflexes, tremors, convulsions Positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, Tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, dysrhythmias

Hypomagnesemia

Prolonged QT intervals Depressed ST segments Broad flattened T waves Prominent U waves

Hypomagnesemia

Lethargy, confusion, apprehension Muscle twitching Abdominal cramps Anorexia, nausea, vomiting Headache Seizures, coma

Hyponatremia

Arterial blood pH is Higher than 7.45 Bicarbonate is Higher than 26 mEq/L Partial is CO2 is Higher than 45 mm Hg

Metabolic Alkalosis

Decreased respiratory rate and depth Dizziness

Metabolic Alkalosis

Decreased respiratory rate and depth Dizziness Circumoral paresthesias, numbness and tingling of the extremities Hypertonic muscles, tetany

Metabolic Alkalosis

Decreased heart rate Irregular pulse, Paresthesias and numbness in extremities

Hyperkalemia

Peaked T wave, widened QRS on ECG

Hyperkalemia

Prolonged QT interval Prolonged PR interval Widened QRS complexes Tall T waves

Hypermagnesemia

Dry, sticky mucous membranes Tongue red, dry, swollen Weakness

Hypernatremia

Cardiac dysrhythmias; decreased cardiac output

Hypocalcemia

Lengthened QT intervals, Prolonged ST segments

Hypocalcemia

Muscle tremors, cramps; if severe can progress to tetany and convulsions

Hypocalcemia

Numbness, tingling of the extremities and around the mouth

Hypocalcemia

Kussmaul's respirations (deep, rapid respirations)

Metabolic Acidosis

Low Arterial blood pH < 7.45 Low Bicarbonate < 26 mEq/L Low Partial CO2 < 45 mm Hg

Metabolic Acidosis

Weakness Confusion Nausea and vomiting Headache

Metabolic Acidosis

Flank pain secondary to urinary calculi Dysrhythmias, possible heart block, Dysrhythmias, possible heart block

Hypercalcemia

Lethargy, weakness Depressed deep-tendon reflexes Bone pain Anorexia, nausea, vomiting Constipation

Hypercalcemia

Lethargy, weakness Depressed deep-tendon reflexes, Bone pain Anorexia, nausea, vomiting Constipation Polyuria, hypercalciuria

Hypercalcemia

Polyuria, hypercalciuria Flank pain secondary to urinary calculi Dysrhythmias, possible heart block

Hypercalcemia

Shortened QT intervals, Shortened ST segments

Hypercalcemia

Cardiac dysrhythmias or arrest Muscle weakness, areflexia (absence of reflexes) Gastrointestinal hyperactivity, diarrhea Irritability, apathy, confusion

Hyperkalemia

Decreased level of consciousness

Respiratory Acidosis

Headache, Dizziness Confusion, Convulsions Warm, flushed skin

Respiratory Acidosis

Increased pulse and respiratory rates

Respiratory Acidosis

Low arterial Blood pH High Partial CO2 Normal or Slightly Elevated Bicarbonate

Respiratory Acidosis

Low arterial Blood pH < 7.35 pH High Partial CO2 > 45 mm Hg Normal or Slightly Elevated Bicarbonate

Respiratory Acidosis

Complaints of shortness of breath, chest tightness

Respiratory Alkalosis

Difficulty of Concentrating

Respiratory Alkalosis

High Arterial blood pH > 7.45 pH Partial CO2 is less than < 35 mm Hg

Respiratory Alkalosis

Light-headedness with circumoral paresthesias and numbness and tingling of the extremities

Respiratory Alkalosis

Tremulousness, blurred vision

Respiratory Alkalosis

Convulsions, Fatigue, restlessness, Decreasing level of consciousness, Disorientation

Severe hypernatremia


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