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Positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs, Confusion, anxiety, possible psychoses Hyperactive deep-tendon reflexes
Hypocalcemia
Arterial blood gases (ABGs) may show alkalosis T-wave flattening and ST-segment depression on ECG
Hypokalemia
Cardiac dysrhythmias Depressed deep-tendon reflexes Weak, irregular pulses
Hypokalemia
Muscle weakness, leg cramps Fatigue, lethargy Anorexia, nausea, vomiting Decreased bowel sounds, decreased bowel motility
Hypokalemia
ST depression, shallow T wave, projecting U wave
Hypokalemia
T-wave flattening and ST-segment depression on ECG
Hypokalemia
Disorientation and confusion Vertigo, Anorexia, dysphagia Respiratory difficulties
Hypomagnesemia
Neuromuscular irritability with tremors Increased reflexes, tremors, convulsions Positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, Tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, dysrhythmias
Hypomagnesemia
Prolonged QT intervals Depressed ST segments Broad flattened T waves Prominent U waves
Hypomagnesemia
Lethargy, confusion, apprehension Muscle twitching Abdominal cramps Anorexia, nausea, vomiting Headache Seizures, coma
Hyponatremia
Arterial blood pH is Higher than 7.45 Bicarbonate is Higher than 26 mEq/L Partial is CO2 is Higher than 45 mm Hg
Metabolic Alkalosis
Decreased respiratory rate and depth Dizziness
Metabolic Alkalosis
Decreased respiratory rate and depth Dizziness Circumoral paresthesias, numbness and tingling of the extremities Hypertonic muscles, tetany
Metabolic Alkalosis
Decreased heart rate Irregular pulse, Paresthesias and numbness in extremities
Hyperkalemia
Peaked T wave, widened QRS on ECG
Hyperkalemia
Prolonged QT interval Prolonged PR interval Widened QRS complexes Tall T waves
Hypermagnesemia
Dry, sticky mucous membranes Tongue red, dry, swollen Weakness
Hypernatremia
Cardiac dysrhythmias; decreased cardiac output
Hypocalcemia
Lengthened QT intervals, Prolonged ST segments
Hypocalcemia
Muscle tremors, cramps; if severe can progress to tetany and convulsions
Hypocalcemia
Numbness, tingling of the extremities and around the mouth
Hypocalcemia
Kussmaul's respirations (deep, rapid respirations)
Metabolic Acidosis
Low Arterial blood pH < 7.45 Low Bicarbonate < 26 mEq/L Low Partial CO2 < 45 mm Hg
Metabolic Acidosis
Weakness Confusion Nausea and vomiting Headache
Metabolic Acidosis
Flank pain secondary to urinary calculi Dysrhythmias, possible heart block, Dysrhythmias, possible heart block
Hypercalcemia
Lethargy, weakness Depressed deep-tendon reflexes Bone pain Anorexia, nausea, vomiting Constipation
Hypercalcemia
Lethargy, weakness Depressed deep-tendon reflexes, Bone pain Anorexia, nausea, vomiting Constipation Polyuria, hypercalciuria
Hypercalcemia
Polyuria, hypercalciuria Flank pain secondary to urinary calculi Dysrhythmias, possible heart block
Hypercalcemia
Shortened QT intervals, Shortened ST segments
Hypercalcemia
Cardiac dysrhythmias or arrest Muscle weakness, areflexia (absence of reflexes) Gastrointestinal hyperactivity, diarrhea Irritability, apathy, confusion
Hyperkalemia
Decreased level of consciousness
Respiratory Acidosis
Headache, Dizziness Confusion, Convulsions Warm, flushed skin
Respiratory Acidosis
Increased pulse and respiratory rates
Respiratory Acidosis
Low arterial Blood pH High Partial CO2 Normal or Slightly Elevated Bicarbonate
Respiratory Acidosis
Low arterial Blood pH < 7.35 pH High Partial CO2 > 45 mm Hg Normal or Slightly Elevated Bicarbonate
Respiratory Acidosis
Complaints of shortness of breath, chest tightness
Respiratory Alkalosis
Difficulty of Concentrating
Respiratory Alkalosis
High Arterial blood pH > 7.45 pH Partial CO2 is less than < 35 mm Hg
Respiratory Alkalosis
Light-headedness with circumoral paresthesias and numbness and tingling of the extremities
Respiratory Alkalosis
Tremulousness, blurred vision
Respiratory Alkalosis
Convulsions, Fatigue, restlessness, Decreasing level of consciousness, Disorientation
Severe hypernatremia
