s&e nutrition chs 7-10 practice test

Is it possible for athletes to meet their nutrient needs without taking a vitamin supplement? a. Yes, the diet must be nutrient dense, calorically adequate, and varied. b. Yes, the food must be consumed at regular intervals. c. No, an athlete requires needs well above the recommendation for healthy adults, and it's very difficult for athletes to consume what they need from food alone. d. No, needs are more easily met with supplements and with high requirements; athletes should take supplements to ensure needs are met.

a. Yes, the diet must be nutrient dense, calorically adequate, and varied.

Vitamin A toxicity ____. a. can cause liver damage b. is prevalent in Asia, Central America, and South America c. can occur with high consumption of beta-carotene d. is a common problem for adults in developed countries

a. can cause liver damage

Because athletes require more _____, their needs for these nutrients should be determined before assessing remaining dietary needs. a. carbohydrates and proteins b. protein and minerals c. carbohydrates and essential fatty acids d. essential fatty acids and vitamins

a. carbohydrates and proteins

Vitamin excesses that reach the tolerable upper intake level are most likely to be caused by ____. a. dietary supplements and fortified foods b. fortified foods only c. excessive dietary intake of particular foods d. dietary supplements only

a. dietary supplements and fortified foods

What tissue is approximately 10 percent water? a. fat b. blood plasma c. muscle d. bone

a. fat

All of the following are goals of fluid consumption during exercise EXCEPT _______. a. overconsumption of water to ensure stores are at maximum capacity b. avoiding gastrointestinal upset c. delaying dehydration to the extent possible d. replacing sodium if losses are large or rapid

a. overconsumption of water to ensure stores are at maximum capacity

Hyponatremia resulting from exercise can cause a serious and sustained loss in _____ concentration to below 135 mmol/L. a. plasma sodium b. potassium c. calcium d. solute

a. plasma sodium

Hypokalemia is a result of ____. a. substantial potassium loss without replenishment b. low dietary intake of potassium c. high sodium excretion d. excessive potassium reabsorbed by the kidneys

a. substantial potassium loss without replenishment

The carotenoid beta-carotene is converted in the body to an active form of ____. a. vitamin A b. vitamin E c. vitamin C d. vitamin B12

a. vitamin A

After training and performance, it is recommended that athletes drink approximately ___ of fluid per kg of body weight lost, beginning as soon after exercise as is practical. a. 1 L b. 1.5 L c. 2 L d. 2.5 L

b. 1.5 L

Individuals should consume fluids containing carbohydrates and sodium after exercising continuously for approximately ____. a. 4 hours b. 2 hours c. 1/2 hour d. 1 hour

b. 2 hours

Which of the following is true about mineral absorption? a. The more you consume, the more that will be absorbed. b. Consuming an orange can increase iron absorption at the same meal. c. Consuming a multivitamin is the best way to get all minerals at once. d. Consuming a salad at dinner will ensure mineral absorption because of its nutrient density.

b. Consuming an orange can increase iron absorption at the same meal.

What legal and ethical strategy has been shown to be effective for increasing performance in endurance athletes? a. blood doping b. carbohydrate loading c. anabolic steroid use d. multivitamin use

b. carbohydrate loading

___ is when a vitamin is lost during processing but added back, whereas ___ is when vitamins that were never present before processing are added to the food. a. enrichment; bioavailability b. enrichment; fortification c. fortification; bioavailability d. fortification; enrichment

b. enrichment; fortification

The ___ portion of hemoglobin contains ___, which carries ___ inside the red blood cell. a. globin; iron; carbon dioxide b. heme; iron; oxygen c. globin; zinc; oxygen d. heme; iron; carbon dioxide

b. heme; iron; oxygen

What condition results from increasing core temperature and deteriorating thermoregulatory control? a. hyperhydration b. hyperthermia c. hypertrophy d. hyperinsulinemia

b. hyperthermia

Iron deficiency anemia can impair athletic performance by _____. a. increasing oxygen consumption and subsequently reducing VO2max b. reducing VO2max as a result of decreased oxygen transport c. increasing VO2max to an unhealthy range d. increasing oxygen transport and, at the same time, reducing VO2max

b. reducing VO2max as a result of decreased oxygen transport

Inadequate intake of minerals such as _____ can impair immune response. a. sodium and chloride b. selenium and zinc c. calcium and magnesium d. sodium and potassium

b. selenium and zinc

Athletes lose ____ in sweat and urine. In order to compensate, most athletes should ____. a. zinc, calcium, and magnesium; take dietary supplements and foods high in these minerals b. sodium, zinc, and copper; eat a healthy diet, which in most cases is sufficient to replace losses c. sodium, zinc, and copper; take dietary supplements because food alone will not provide sufficient replacement of these losses d. zinc, calcium, and magnesium; eat a healthy diet, which in most cases is sufficient to replace losses

b. sodium, zinc, and copper; eat a healthy diet, which in most cases is sufficient to replace losses

Which vitamins are involved in antioxidant function? a. vitamins E, C, and D b. vitamins E, C, and A c. vitamins E, D, and B d. vitamins E, B, and C

b. vitamins E, C, and A

While thiamin needs may be greater in athletes because of their higher ____ production compared to nonathletes, their consumption of high-quality ____ will more than meet the RDA for thiamin. a. glycogen; carbohydrates b. ATP; fats c. ATP; carbohydrates d. creatine; proteins

c. ATP; carbohydrates

When exercise intensity is above 75 percent VO2max, which of the following is true with respect to food intake during exercise? a. The rate of absorption of carbohydrate-containing fluids will be decreased along with the risk for gastrointestinal upset. b. The rate of absorption of carbohydrate-containing fluids will be increased along with the risk for gastrointestinal upset. c. The rate of absorption of carbohydrate-containing fluids will be slowed while the risk for gastrointestinal upset will be increased. d. The rate of absorption of carbohydrate-containing fluids will be increased while the risk for gastrointestinal upset will be decreased.

c. The rate of absorption of carbohydrate-containing fluids will be slowed while the risk for gastrointestinal upset will be increased.

"Food first, supplement second" refers to which of the following? a. Try to obtain a sufficient amount of vitamins through diet and take an antioxidant vitamin supplement to cover the high requirement that is hard to obtain from eating a lot of fruits and vegetables. b. Consume food first and take a supplement, if desired, after the meal. c. Try to obtain a sufficient amount of vitamins through diet but take a vitamin supplement to cover any vitamins that may be lacking when the diet is not rich in vitamins. d. Vitamins from food are absorbed before vitamins from supplements are absorbed.

c. Try to obtain a sufficient amount of vitamins through diet but take a vitamin supplement to cover any vitamins that may be lacking when the diet is not rich in vitamins.

Assuming all are consuming a nutrient-dense diet, which athlete is likely to need a daily multivitamin? a. a tennis player trying to gain weight b. a bodybuilder consuming enough calories to support muscle growth c. a vegan athlete following a low-calorie diet d. a seasoned golfer maintaining his or her weight

c. a vegan athlete following a low-calorie diet

What are two factors associated with a lower percentage of body water? a. being older and having a large amount of muscle mass b. being female and having a large amount of muscle mass c. being older and having a large amount of body fat d. being male and having a low body weight

c. being older and having a large amount of body fat

If David wants to increase his muscle mass, he should consume adequate ___ while continuing to ___. a. protein and carbohydrates; rest in between exercise bouts b. protein and carbohydrates; perform cardiovascular exercises c. calories and protein; weight train d. calories and protein; perform cardiovascular exercises

c. calories and protein; weight train

Before consuming sports drinks during an event, athletes should experiment with them during training because the ________ content of these drinks can increase ________. a. sodium; fluid losses b. sodium; gastric distress c. carbohydrate; gastric distress d. carbohydrate; fluid losses

c. carbohydrate; gastric distress

What term is used on food labels that estimates the amount of certain nutrients needed each day? a. protein b. calories c. daily value d. serving size

c. daily value

What accounts for gymnasts' above-normal bone mineral density even when estrogen concentration and menstrual status are abnormal? a. calcium supplementation b. calcium and vitamin D supplementation c. high-impact training d. high-energy intake

c. high-impact training

What is most important to keep in mind when planning an athlete's dietary goals and intake? a. percentage of fat needed to maintain peak performance b. amount of sleep per night to determine proper supplementation c. phase of the training cycle due to changing energy needs d. types of dietary supplements that will best support training

c. phase of the training cycle due to changing energy needs

After training or competition, an athlete should consume carbohydrates to _____ and should consume proteins to _____. a. build and repair muscle; resynthesize muscle glycogen b. reestablish euhydration; avoid gastrointestinal upset c. resynthesize muscle glycogen; build and repair muscle d. avoid gastrointestinal upset; reestablish euhydration

c. resynthesize muscle glycogen; build and repair muscle

With respect to dietary reference intakes (DRI), athletes use _____ moderately active healthy people. a. slightly higher standards than b. much higher standards than c. the same standards as d. lower standards than

c. the same standards as

Certain types of athletes, such as ____, often reduce their overall intake of ____, thus putting them at risk for vitamin deficiencies. a. male gymnasts; dietary supplements b. female basketball players; dietary supplements c. wrestlers; energy d. male sprinters; energy

c. wrestlers; energy

Research has shown that daily intake of caffeine under ________ mg does NOT result in dehydration; a 16 ounce cup of commercially brewed coffee contains about ________ mg of caffeine. a. 300; 300 b. 500; 400 c. 400; 100 d. 450; 300

d. 450; 300

What is a recommended practice to ensure adequate mineral status? a. Follow a low-fiber, high-carbohydrate diet. b. Take a high-potency mineral supplement daily. c. Self-prescribe iron supplements to prevent fatigue. d. Consume adequate kilocalories daily.

d. Consume adequate kilocalories daily.

Ultraendurance athletes want to ensure they are getting enough vitamins for proper antioxidant function. What do you suggest to them? a. Consume a daily multivitamin along with whole grains to ensure proper antioxidant intake. b. Consume a daily multivitamin along with fruits and vegetables to ensure proper antioxidant intake. c. Consume fruits and vegetables to ensure a diet rich in antioxidant-containing foods. d. Consume fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to ensure a diet rich in antioxidant-containing foods.

d. Consume fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to ensure a diet rich in antioxidant-containing foods.

All of the following are true about caffeine and performance EXCEPT ______. a. caffeine stimulates the central nervous system b. caffeine consumption results in a heightened sense of awareness c. caffeine consumption can increase an athlete's pain threshold d. caffeine consumption can improve aerobic metabolic metabolism by making it more efficient

d. caffeine consumption can improve aerobic metabolic metabolism by making it more efficient

Along with calcium and vitamin D, what other minerals are involved in bone health? a. phosphorus, potassium, and sodium b. magnesium, manganese, and molybdenum c. selenium, potassium, and sodium d. fluoride, magnesium, and phosphorus

d. fluoride, magnesium, and phosphorus

All of the following influence mineral absorption EXCEPT __________. a. age b. gender c. genetics d. height

d. height

Which of the following is the least nutrient-dense food? a. celery b. almonds c. protein bar d. licorice

d. licorice

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) establish the daily intake of a vitamin that is ____. a. necessary to consume in a vitamin supplement b. suggested at a minimum, although amounts above this are recommended c. adequate and tailored specifically to an athlete's needs d. recommended, with a built-in safety margin

d. recommended, with a built-in safety margin

A deficiency in all of the following minerals can lead to anemia EXCEPT _______. a. iron b. zinc c. copper d. selenium

d. selenium

Maintaining hydration during endurance events is most likely to be challenging due to _____. a. lack of access to hydration liquids b. a decrease in kidney function during exercise c. an increase in blood pressure during exercise d. sweat rates that exceed gastric emptying and absorption rates

d. sweat rates that exceed gastric emptying and absorption rates