SAP 1 & 2 - Ophthalmology Formative
A. Doberman pinschers
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous is a congenital defect of the vitreous that is most common in: A. Doberman pinschers B. German shepherds C. Labrador retrievers D. toy poodles E. Beagles
You detect a brownish black, focal, midstromal corneal lesion in a Persian cat. The lesion does not retain fluorescein dye but stains with rose bengal. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. melanoma B. foreign body C. corneal sequestrum D. corneal dermoid E. iris prolapse
C. corneal sequestrum
A. A blood pressure reading
A 15-year-old cat with previously diagnosed renal disease presents because of changes to its vision. On eye examination there is intraretinal hemorrhage OS and total retinal detachment OD. What is the most important next diagnostic test that should be run before treatment is started? A. A blood pressure reading B. An ocular ultrasound C. Recheck kidney function D. Perform a Thyroxine level E. Do a coagulation panel
D. orbital cellulitis/abscess
A 2-year-old Labrador retriever is presented with acute onset of exophthalmos, pain on opening the mouth, and unilateral nictitans protrusion. The dog has a slight fever and leukocytosis. What is the most likely cause of these signs? A. intraocular neoplasm B. glaucoma C. orbital neoplasm D. orbital cellulitis/abscess E. Horner's syndrome
A. Collie eye anomaly
A 2-year-old dog came in for an eye examination as part of her breeding certificate. On ocular examination, the findings seen included choroidal hypoplasia and optic nerve coloboma (see image). What would be your diagnosis? A. Collie eye anomaly B. Progressive retinal atrophy C. Retinal dysplasia D. Retinal detachment E. Scleral ectasia
B. Encephalitazoan cuniculi
A 2-year-old, female dwarf lop rabbit presented because of noticeable changes to the left eye. She was inappetant and playing less than usual. Considering the breed, the presence of the cataract and phacoclastic uveitis, what is the most likely cause of the disease? A. Ciliary body adenoma B. Encephalitazoan cuniculi C. Iridal neoplasia D. Iridal Pasteurella abscess E. Iris bombe
A. Chronic superficial keratitis (pannus)
A 5-year-old, female, neuter German Shepherd Dog presented because the owner noticed changes to both eyes. The dog's eyes appeared cloudy and red to the owner every summer, especially when they go hiking in the mountains for a week. This summer the eyes seemed to be getting worse and periodic blepharospasm had been noted. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Chronic superficial keratitis (pannus) B. Advanced kertoconjunctivitis Sicca C. Endothelial dystrophy D. Deep corneal ulceration E. Eosinophilickeratoconjunctivitis
C. Corneal rupture and iris prolapse
A 9-year-old female spayed Shi-tzu presented for a painful left eye. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Descemetocele and keratitis B. Deep stromal ulcer and keratitis C. Corneal rupture and iris prolapse D. Melting corneal ulceration E. Anterior stromal ulcer and keratitis
C. glaucoma
A dilated, nonresponsive pupil is a clinical sign of: A. iritis B. cataracts C. glaucoma D. episcleritis E. iridal cysts
C. sudden acquired retinal degeneration
A syndrome of vision loss without associated fundic abnormalities has been observed in overweight female dogs. Many affected dogs are also polyuric and polydipsic. This syndrome is known as: A. progressive retinal atrophy B. hemeralopia C. sudden acquired retinal degeneration D. Collie eye anomaly E. neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
E. Superficial, chronic non-healing ulcer
A three-year-old, female spayed dog presented for a second opinion because of right ocular irritation of 3 weeks duration. The dog had been seen to rub at the eye and had marked blepharospasm and epiphora. The referring veterinarian had placed the dog on Neomycin-Bacitracin-Polymixin B ointment three times daily which had cleared the slight mucopurulent discharge but otherwise the condition remained the same. On examination, Fluoroscein uptake was seen and a loose lip of corneal epithelium was noted with some peripheral "under-running" of the stain. This is considered representative of which of the following? A. Canine herpetic keratitis B. Chronic superficial keratitis C. A deep corneal ulcer (descemetocele) D. Stromal abscess formation E. Superficial, chronic non-healing ulcer
D. Left Horner's syndrome
A twelve-year-old dog presented with a prolapsed left membrana nictitans, which had been progressively becoming more obvious over the last week. On examination, there was no obvious ocular discharge or evidence of rubbing. There was mild miosis, enophthalmos, ptosis and conjunctival congestion noted OS. The dog had a Schirmer tear test of 16 and 17mm OD and OS respectively and IP were 12-13mmHg OU. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Left corneal ulceration B. Ocular foreign body C. Facial paresis or paralysis D. Left Horner's syndrome E. Chronic conjunctivitis
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous is a congenital defect of the vitreous that is most common in: A. Doberman pinschers B. German shepherds C. Labrador retrievers D. toy poodles E. Beagles
A. Doberman pinschers
What term is used to describe the ophthalmoscopic appearance of caudal displacement of the optic nerve in glaucoma patients? A. cupping B. atrophy C. degeneration D. dysplasia E. Hypoplasia
A. cupping
Mechanical débridement and use of topical antibiotic solutions are beneficial in treatment of persistent corneal erosions in boxers. What other drug, listed below, is also indicated? A. sodium chloride B. dexamethasone C. idoxuridine D. nystatin E. cromolvn sodium
A. sodium chloride
A. ciliary muscle contracts and the zonules relax
Accommodation of the canine lens for near vision occurs when the: A. ciliary muscle contracts and the zonules relax B. ciliary muscle contracts and the zonules are stretched C. iris muscles contract and squeeze the lens into a more spheric shape D. ciliary muscle relaxes to allow the cornea to alter its shape E. iris muscles contract to pull the lens rostrally
D. Descemetocele
An eight-year-old Pekingese presents with a painful right eye. The owner says he has been worried by his eye for at least a week. From the diagnosis list below, which seems to most likely? A. A chronic superficial non-healing ulcer B. Deep (posterior) stromal ulcer C. Corneal dendritic ulceration D. Descemetocele E. Anterior stromal ulcer
Which breed of dog is most sensitive to the ocular side effects of vaccination against infectious canine hepatitis? A. poodle B. Afghan C. Labrador retriever D. German shepherd E. Rottweiler
B. Afghan
Controlled application of intense cold (cryotherapy) to what part of the eye is useful in managing chronic elevation of intraocular pressure in dogs and cats? A. cornea B. ciliary body C. iris D. lens E. Choroid
B. ciliary body
Which of the following occurs as a result of normal aging of the lens? A. lenticonus B. lenticular sclerosis C. microphakia D. cataracts E. persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
B. lenticular sclerosis
What is the most common eyelid tumor in cats? A. melanoma B. squamous-cell carcinoma C. meibomian-gland adenoma D. mast-cell tumor E. Fibrosarcoma
B. squamous-cell carcinoma
A dilated, nonresponsive pupil is a clinical sign of: A. iritis B. cataracts C. glaucoma D. episcleritis E. iridal cysts
C. glaucoma
Removal of the gland of the third eyelid of dogs with "cherry eye" has been associated with subsequent development of: A. retinal detachment B. eversion of the cartilage of the third eyelid C. keratoconjunctivitis sicca D. squamous-cell carcinoma of the third eyelid E. Glaucoma
C. keratoconjunctivitis sicca
B. ciliary body
Controlled application of intense cold (cryotherapy) to what part of the eye is useful in managing chronic elevation of intraocular pressure in dogs and cats? A. cornea B. ciliary body C. iris D. lens E. Choroid
The term China eye is a lay term for heterochromia iridis. What is the clinical appearance of the iris in this condition? A. albinotic B. blue and white C. heavily pigmented D. blue E. blue and yellow-brown
D. blue
What type of cataract is associated with anterior uveitis and is characterized by a wrinkled anterior capsule? A. incipient B. immature C. mature D. hypermature E. Intumescent
D. hypermature
C. glaucoma
During ophthalmologic examination of a dog, the funds demonstrates an optic nerve in focus at -6 diopters with the direct ophthalmoscope. The blood vessels appear slightly smaller than normal. What is the most likely cause of these findings? A. retinal detachment B. progressive retinal atrophy C. glaucoma D. normal variation E. prior chorioretinitis
D. iridocorneal angle
Gonioscopy is a diagnostic technique used for examination of the: A. lens B. eyelids C. retina D. iridocorneal angle E. Vitreous
A. Sodium Chloride
Mechanical débridement and use of topical antibiotic solutions are beneficial in treatment of persistent corneal erosions in boxers. What other drug, listed below, is also indicated? A. sodium chloride B. dexamethasone C. idoxuridine D. nystatin E. cromolvn sodium
E. progressive retinal atrophy
Nyctalopia, or night blindness, is a cardinal sign of: A. optic neuritis B. retinal detachment C. glaucoma D. cataracts E. progressive retinal atrophy
C. retina
On ophthalmoscopic examination, hyperreflective tapetal regions indicate damage to the: A. choroid B. sclera C. retina D. vitreous E. Lens
C. keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Removal of the gland of the third eyelid of dogs with "cherry eye" has been associated with subsequent development of: A. retinal detachment B. eversion of the cartilage of the third eyelid C. keratoconjunctivitis sicca D. squamous-cell carcinoma of the third eyelid E. Glaucoma
C. Feline heretic keratitis
The cat below presented with blepharospasm of the right eye. Some palpebral conjunctival hyperemia was noted. Fluoroscein was applied to the eye, which highlighted this superficial, linear, branching ulcer involving the central cornea. This is pathognomonic for what eye disease? A. Chronic superficial non-healing ulcer B. A corneal parasite C. Feline heretic keratitis D. Traumatic ulceration E. Exposure keratitis
D. Active chorioretinitis
The funds photograph below was taken from a two-year-old, female, spayed Persian cat. The cat has lived all its life in Southern California and is predominantly an outdoor cat. Recently she presented for inappetance and lethargy. Apart from stomatitis, the cat was otherwise normal on examination. Which of the following describes these lesions most accurately? A. Intraretinal hemorrhage B. Tapetal hyper-reflectivity C. Total retinal detachment D. Active chorioretinitis E. Lipemia retinalis
B. Is not commonly seen with secondary cataract development
The image below is from a Labrador retriever with progressive retinal atrophy. Which of the following is not correct when referring to findings seen in association with PRA in dogs? A. Associated with retinal thinning and tapetal hyper-reflectivity B. Is not commonly seen with secondary cataract development C. Associated with progressive peripheral vascular attenuation D. Affects the rods predominantly, affecting night-time vision E. Will lead to progressive optic nerve atrophy and blindness
D. blue
The term China eye is a lay term for heterochromia iridis. What is the clinical appearance of the iris in this condition? A. albinotic B. blue and white C. heavily pigmented D. blue E. blue and yellow-brown
C. Lipid aqueous
This 2 year old Female spayed cat has marked changes to the anterior chamber of the right eye. Which of the following terms could not be used in describing this eye and its pathology? A. Iridal neovascularization B. Hypopyon and diapedesis C. Lipid aqueous D. Keratic precipitates E. Iritis
E. Per-acute glaucoma
This dog presented with a sore right eye of 1 week's duration. On examination there was conjunctival hyperemia and scleral injection, deep corneal neovascularization, diffuse corneal edema and a mid-dilated, fixed pupil. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Chronic anterior uveitis B. Diffuse keratoconjunctivitis C. Ulcerative keratitis D. Anterior lens luxation E. Per-acute glaucoma
A. Expansion of the tumor and development of secondary glaucoma
This photograph was taken from a twelve (12) year old, female neuter DSH. The cat's owner had noted rapid changes to the color of this eye over the last two to three months. The cat was diagnosed as having malignant diffuse iris melanoma, OS. This disease is most commonly expected to progress in which of the following ways, if the eye isn't enucleated? A. Expansion of the tumor and development of secondary glaucoma B. Extension through sclera and development of retrobulbar disease C. Intraocular hemorrhage associated with extension to the ciliary body D. Rapid metastasis of neoplastic cells causing lung and liver disease E. Rapid metastasis to lymph nodes causing marked local lymphadenomegaly
B. squamous-cell carcinoma
What is the most common eyelid tumor in cats? A. melanoma B. squamous-cell carcinoma C. meibomian-gland adenoma D. mast-cell tumor E. Fibrosarcoma
B. melanoma
What is the most common primary intraocular tumor of dogs? A. lymphosarcoma B. melanoma C. mast-cell tumor D. adenocarcinoma E. Astrocytoma
A. cupping
What term is used to describe the ophthalmoscopic appearance of caudal displacement of the optic nerve in glaucoma patients? A. cupping B. atrophy C. degeneration D. dysplasia E. Hypoplasia
D. hypermature
What type of cataract is associated with anterior uveitis and is characterized by a wrinkled anterior capsule? A. incipient B. immature C. mature D. hypermature E. Intumescent
B. Immature cataract
What type of cataract is this? A. Incipient cataract B. Immature cataract C. Mature cataract D. Hypermature cataract E. Morgagnian cataract
B. Afghan
Which breed of dog is most sensitive to the ocular side effects of vaccination against infectious canine hepatitis? A. poodle B. Afghan C. Labrador retriever D. German shepherd E. Rottweiler
E. Exophthalmos
Which clinical sign is not associated with Horner's syndrome? A. miosis B. ptosis C. enophthalmos D. nictitans protrusion E. Exophthalmos
A. trifluorothymidine
Which drug is most effective for treatment of feline herpesviral infection involving the eye? A. trifluorothymidine B. flucytosine C. mitomycin D. apraclonidine E. Nystatin
C. carbonic anhydrase
Which enzyme is associated with formation of aqueous humor? A. nitric oxide synthetase B. serine protease C. carbonic anhydrase D. sorbitol dehydrogenase E. prostaglandin synthetase
B. lenticular sclerosis
Which of the following occurs as a result of normal aging of the lens? A. lenticonus B. lenticular sclerosis C. microphakia D. cataracts E. persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
B. tropicamide
Which parasympatholytic mydriatic drug has the shortest duration of effect? A. atropine B. tropicamide C. homatropine D. epinephrine E. Cyclopentolate
B. rod
Which retinal cell is adapted for night vision? A. cone B. rod C. Müller cell D. ganglion cell E. amacrine cell
C. corneal sequestrum
You detect a brownish black, focal, midstromal corneal lesion in a Persian cat. The lesion does not retain fluorescein dye but stains with rose bengal. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. melanoma B. foreign body C. corneal sequestrum D. corneal dermoid E. iris prolapse
