Sapling HW #11,12
Definitions and examples of fertilization:
- A process fusing the nuclei of two gametes
Components of Adaptive Immunity
- B-Cells - Antibodies - Cytotoxic T cells
What do bacteriophages, or phages, infect?
Bacteria
What is the role of the thymus in human immunity?
It is the site of T-cell maturation
Which statement describes a phenotype?
The physical trait produced by an organism's genetic makeup.
Both Primary and Secondary Immune Response:
- Mediated by cellular immunity - Large amounts of memory cells are produced
Components of Innate Immunity
- Natural Killer cells - Complement proteins - Interferons
Which of the following describes crossing over?
- Occurs between homologous chromosomes - Increases genetic variation across gametes
Secondary Immune Response:
- Occurs quickly - Activates large numbers of immune cells
Primary Immune response:
- Occurs slowly - Activates relatively few immune cells
Identify the examples of physical barriers in the immune system
- Skin - Cilia in the upper respiratory tract - Tears
Definitions and examples of a gamete:
- Sperm cell - Cell produced by meiosis
Which of the following are signs of inflammation
- Swelling - Heat
Examples of chemical barriers to infection in the human body:
- The acidic surface of the skin prevents bacterial growth - Enzymes in the saliva break down pathogens entering the mouth - The low pH in the stomach kills pathogens entering the digestive system.
What is an autoimmune disease?
A disease caused by an inappropriate immune response to antigens made normally by the body.
What is a pathogen?
A microorganism or virus that infects a host organism and is capable of causing a disease in the host organism
What is an antibody?
A protein produced by the immune system's B cells that is tailored to bind to a specific foreign substance
What is the definition of a vaccine?
A substance made from a pathogen that increases immunity against that pathogen
What are interferons
A type of cytokine produced by infected cells in response to viral infections.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes with the same genes but different parental origin
Which statement describes a genotype?
The pair of DNA sequences an organism has for a trait.
Definitions and examples of a zygote:
- Diploid cell resulting from fertilization - A fertilized egg
An organism has 28 pairs of chromosomes in its diploid somatic cells. How many chromosomes are in its gametes?
28
Which statement describes dominant alleles
Any allele that can hide the presence of a different allele
Which statement describes recessive alleles?
Any allele whose presence can be masked by another allele
What is an antigen?
Any molecule that triggers the Immune System's lymphocytes to mount a specific response to that molecule.