Scholarship in OT 1 Midterm

How to cite a webpage or piece of online content

Author, A. (Date of publication). Title of Page. Retrieved from www.asdhasbdjaklhsdals.com

How to reference a book

Author, A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Location: Publisher.

BASIC CITATION OUTLINE

Author, A. (year). Title of article. Title of periodical, volume number (issue number), pages. doi link If no DOI link, "Retrieved from _________"

Are field studies and naturalistic observations qualitative or quantitative research methods?

can be either

If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, what words of the title should be capitalized? For when is there an exception to this?

capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs

How word "abstract" is written how on the abstract

centered not bolded, italicized, formatted, underlined, or anything along those lines

For multiple articles by the same author, how should they be ordered on a reference list

chronological order from earliest to most recent

What if there is no author?

cit source by its title

APA font

clear font highly readable, preferably size 12 times new roman

what other variable should you consider? (other than IV and DV)

confounding variables

the outcome measure the response that is the result of the IV

dependent variable

psychometric studies

designed to investigate the properties of clinical assessment tools or data collection instruments that are intended for use in research

APA Spacing

double spaced

how to do in text citations for 6 or more authors

first author's name followed by "et al."

single-subject studies

follows the logic of experimentation by examining the impact of interventions on single subjects who serve as their own control

field studies & naturalistic observation

forms of research that take place in actual settings, as events happen

How to place a long quote into the body

free standing block of lines without quotation marks indented 1/2 inch from left margin

Example of databases

google scholar MEDLINE PubMed

Experimental and quasi-experimental studies includes _______________ & __________ and tries to find the interaction between the two

independent and dependent variables

variable manipulated by researcher "the intervention" expected to cause an effect

independent variable

methods of collecting qualitative research

interviews, note taking of actions, examining written and visual documents, making audio and video recordings

Authors' names are _________ in reference list citations

inverted (last name first)

survey studies

investigate unknown characteristics in a defined population according to a non experimental design

How to in-text cite titles of longer works such as books, edited collections, movies, television series, documentaries, or albums

italicize

On the reference list, longer works such as books and journals should be _________

italicized

what else is on the abstract page?

italicized keywords, followed by a list of non italicized relevant keywords

What should you use as keywords?

keywords from your clinical question (population, condition, treatment, outcome)

2 constructs of survey studies

large samples valid instruments

Reference list: formatting for one author

last name first, followed by author initial then period

how to do in text citations for three to five authors

list all authors the first time in subsequent citations, use first author's name followed by "et al."

3 major classifications of research

major methodological design research design research purposes

How to do in text citations for two authors

name both authors in single phrase or put both in parenthesis with an "and" between

Should the first word of an abstract be indented

no u idiot

quantitative research is characterized by ___________

objectivity

how much should second and following lines of a citation be indented from the first on a reference page

one half inch

When referencing a title of a book, chapter, article, or webpage, what should be capitalized?

only the first letter of the first word in a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or dash, and proper nouns

How to do in text citations when there are two or more works in same quote/fact

order them the same way they appear in reference list within parenthesis, followed by a ; (Carnahan, 1996; Young, 2019)

What makes referencing a newspaper article different from referencing other periodicals

p. or pp. precedes page numbers in the reference p. is if it was one single page(p.B2) pp. is if it was multiple (pp. B2, B4)

Places you may find evidence (not just databases)

peer reviewed journals library resources Medline/PubMed google scholar apps social media

transformative research is always grounded in ________________

practical context

How to in-text cite titles of shorter works such as journal articles, articles from edited collections, television series episodes, and song titles

put quotation marks around it

experimental and quasi-experimental studies are qualitative or quantitative?

quantitative

Without ________, an experimental study is quasi-experimental

random assignment

quantitative research

researchers create and test theories using standardized and predetermined designs, measures, sampling approaches, and procedures deals with numerical data

Quasi-experimental studies are the same as experimental studies, but they lack the same degree of ________

rigor

Title page header

same as regular just with "RUNNING HEAD" before title abbreviation

experimental and quasi-experimental studies

seek to examine the effects of experimental manipulation (OT intervention)

How to cite a webpage or piece of online content without the author

start with the title instead, followed by the date. Spotlight Resources. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.jsiofjsdijfsodjf.com

research design

the plan of how the research is structured

design of quasi-experimental studies

time-series design pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design

3 things a title page contains

title of paper author's name w/o credentials institutional affiliation

Four major essay parts

title page abstract main body references

-involves people not simply as data sources but as partners in research process

transformative research

emphasizes the power sharing between researchers and local stakeholders

transformative research

The bottom four layers of the 6 layers of research are ______________________ information, the top two are ___________ information

unfiltered filtered

Should you include well known abbreviations of organizations when citing them?

use it in brackets the first time it is cited, then use just the abbreviation in following citations 1st time: (American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA], 2000) following: (AOTA, 2000)

How to cite to or more works by the same author in the same year

use lowercase letters with the year to order them in the reference list, then use those same lowercase letters after the year when citing in text (Carnahan, 2019a)

How to do in text citations when there are two authors with the same last name

use their first initial with a period prior to last name (K. Carnahan, 2009; M. Carnahan, 2019)

Psychometric studies are aimed at determining the ___________ and ________ of data collection instruments

validity reliability

When should you include a date of access to a citation

when the page's content is likely to change over time

In-text citation: do you capitalize the first word after a dash or colon?

yes

new assessments or new intervention strategies are often _____________ research

applied

Contents of the abstract (5)

-1 to 2 sentences of background info on topic of study -objectives of the study -the research question/hypothesis -description of the participants and methods -description of results and conclusion

Three possible ways to format a short quotation including all necessary aspects

-According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199). -Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers? -She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.

Things to consider with experimental and quasi-experimental studies

-control group -placebo -random assignment -blinding

Some things to consider with a research study

-sample size -what participants are being asked to do -how info is gathered -how data is analyzed

Some benefits of using social media to promote EBP

-shares real-time information and evidence -exchange and access information on the go -social networking activities -informal peer feedback -inter-professional practices

APA margins

1" on all sides

6 levels of research: base level to top level

1. background information/expert opinions 2. case studies 3. cohort studies 4. randomized control trials 4. evidence syntheses + clinical guidelines 5. systematic reviews

explain the abstract

150-200 word summary of the research

design of experimental and quasi-experimental studies

2 or more groups of participants that are randomly assigned to different groups of one or more independent variables

Cut off from short to long quotes in text

40 words or longer=long quotation

For reference list citations, give the last name and initials for all authors for up to and including _________ authors. If the work has more, list the first _____ authors then use an ellipses after, then list the last author's name of the work

7 6

Boolean search terms

AND, OR, NOT, NEAR used in search strings to refine the scope of the search ex: ankle sprain vs. Ankle AND sprain

Examples of resources for APA confusion

APA.org Purdue Owl APA manuals SRU library

APA heading level 1

Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Headings

Example of research vendor

EBSCO host

APA heading level 4

Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with a period.

APA heading level 3

Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period.

APA heading level 5

Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period.

Reference list: formatting for more than 7 authors

Last by last name and initial, commas between 1-6 author, an ellipsis after the 6th, then a final author name. Carnahan, B., Carnahan, D., Carnahan, J., Carnahan, K., Carnahan, L., Carnahan, M., . . . Carnahan, P.

APA heading level 2

Left-aligned, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading

Reference list: formatting for three to seven authors

List by name name and initial as always, separate each with a comma and an & between 6th and 7th

investigations that seek to solve a practical problem or generate information specifically to inform practice

applied research

qualitative research

approach that aims to describe and explain individual's subjective experiences, actions, interactions, and social contexts through various approaches

How to format titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays on a reference page

NO italicizing, underline, or quotes

APA page header (not title page)

Running head (not those words, actual abbreviation of title) in all caps, flush left Page number at the top, flush right

Reference list: formatting for two authors

Same as above with a comma and & between Carnahan, M., & Young, T. (2019)

For a short quotation, if you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include:

author year of publication page number

transformative research

broad classification for inquiry that is designed to bring change in a practical solution

undertaken primarily in a lab or other controlled setting for the purpose of understanding some phenomena or testing a model or theory that explains some phenomena

basic research

When capitalizing titles, what words should be capitalized in a hyphenated compound word

both words

what is the running head

abbreviated version of your title in 50 characters/12 words or less

what words are capitalized in journal titles

all major words

How should reference lists be ordered

alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work

valid instrument

an instrument measures what it is intended to measure

reliable instrument

an instrument provides stable information across different circumstance