SCI 1030 Week 1 - Chapters 1, 2, & 4

What type of membrane lines many joints of the skeletal system?

synovial

Which body membrane would be found lining the inside of the knee joint?

synovial membrane

Which of the following is not a function of connective tissue? Check all that apply. (1) - physical support - physical protection - storage of adipocytes and calcium - transport via the blood - absorption of nutrients

(1) absorption of nutrients

Chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate during prophase

False; chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate during metaphase.

With increasing age, epithelia tend to get thinner but connective tissues get thicker and stronger.

False; connective tissue loses strength and resiliency with increasing age

Like neurons, epithelial cells are irreplaceable once damaged.

False; epithelia have a high regenerative capacity

The selective permeability of the plasma membrane allows all substances to pass through the membrane, ensuring that the inside and outside of the cell have a similar chemical composition.

False; selective permeability ensures that only certain substances are allowed to pass through the plasma membrane

The nucleus forms a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell.

False; the cell membrane forms a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell

The nucleus is surrounded by a single lipid bilayer, just like the cell

False; the nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which is composed of two lipid bilayer membranes.

Mesenchyme is located only in the umbilical cord.

False; the two types of embryonic connective tissue are mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue

When chromatin is condensed, gene expression is likely taking place.

False; when chromatin is condensed, it is not accessible by the enzymes involved in transcription and therefore gene expression is likely not occurring in these regions

The scientists from around 400 B.C. who is considered the "Father of Medicine" is

Hippocrates

All connective tissue contains three basic components: cells, protein fibers, and ground substance.

True

Cytoplasm contains the cytosol

True

Nervous tissue can be found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

True

The anatomic position refers to the position in which a person is standing upright facing the observer, feet parallel and flat on the floor, and palms facing forward

True

The study of tissues is called histology.

True

A multicellular exocrine gland consists of

acini and at least one duct

If you study that the wall of the small intestine is composed of smooth muscle, you are practicing the study of

anatomy

Using an anatomic directional term, the stomach is ______________ to the spinal cord.

anterior

In the anatomical position, the palms face

anteriorly

The head, neck, and trunk make up the __________ region of the body.

axial

The ____________ components of glycoproteins and glycolipids usually act as identification molecules that are specifically recognized by other cells.

carbohydrate

Which of the following is not a component of the cytoplasm?

chromatin

The tissue shown below can be classified as _______________ tissue, one of the four major tissue types in the body.

connective

Which tissue type contains varying amounts of extracellular matrix?

connective

The highlighted structures are major components of an organ system. What is the function of that organ system?

control center of the body

Starting in the 1800s, scientists used frozen cadaver specimens, a technique referred to as ___________.

cryotechnology

Which body membrane protects the body from water loss and harm to internal organs?

cutaneous

The microscopic study of cells is called ______________.

cytology

This type of connective tissue is found in the walls of arteries, true vocal cords, and the trachea. It is ___________ connective tissue.

elastic

The abdominopelvic region that is the superior region in the middle column, and typically contains the duodenum, part of the liver, and part of the stomach is the _________________ region.

epigastric

The type of active transport in which large molecules are secreted from the cell is called ______________.

exocytosis

A student views a micrograph of a cell. She observes a membrane-bound organelle with stacked cisternae, some of which appear to form membrane vesicles that travel to another area of the cell. The student is likely viewing a

golgi apparatus

Which one of the following is proximal to the knee joint?

hip

Where would this type of connective tissue be found?

intervertebral discs

The plasma membrane is composed of an approximately equal measure of protein and ____________.

lipids

If a cell has a relatively high energy need, it would likely have _____________ mitochondria than a cell with lower energy need.

more

What type of membrane lines internal body passages that eventually open to the external environment?

mucous

Nervous tissue consists of glial cells and ________________.

neurons

Which type of transport involves the passive diffusion of water?

osmosis

What is the name of the highlighted membrane?

parietal peritoneum

The study of changes in anatomy during disease is called

pathologic anatomy

The process of ____________ involves preserving human specimens using reactive polymers.

plastination

If you are cold, and your body alters the circulation near the skin in order to conserve heat, what characteristic of life is this representing?

regulation

Which of the following is not an example of an inclusion?

ribosomes

If you wanted to see a detailed three-dimensional image of the surface of a cell, which type of microscope would you use?

scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Which type of epithelium is shown in this figure?

simple epithelium

The type of epithelium that would best allow rapid diffusion, osmosis, or filtration is _____________ epithelium.

simple squamous

The type of epithelial tissue that is only one cell layer thick is called _____________; the type of epithelial tissue that is two or more cell layers thick is called _______________.

simple; stratified

This is an image of which type of muscle tissue?

skeletal muscle tissue

What is the name of the highlighted membrane?

visceral pericardium

Check all of the statements that are true regarding keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. (2) - Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is typically found lining the oral cavity. - Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium forms the epidermis of the skin. - In keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, the cells on the apical (outer) surface are dead.

(1) Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium forms the epidermis of the skin (2) In keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, the cells on the apical (outer) surface are dead

Check all that occur as a result of aging. (2) - cells experience increased metabolic functions - cells experience a decreased ability to maintain homeostasis - the process of cell division becomes faulty, resulting in a greater risk for cancer - the risk for unsuccessful completion of sex cell division and maturation decreases

(1) cells experience a decreased ability to maintain homeostasis, (2) the process of cell division becomes faulty, resulting in a greater risk for cancer

Check all of the statements that are correct regarding the classification of exocrine glands. (3) -simple glands always have a single, unbranched secretory portion - compound glands have branched ducts - tubular glands have uniform diameter of the duct and secretory portions - acinar glands have secretory tubules - a gland whose secretory cells form an expanded sac is an acinar gland

(1) compound glands have branched ducts, (2) tubular glands have uniform diameter of the duct and secretory portions, & (3) a gland whose secretory cells form an expanded sac is an acinar gland

Which of the following cells have "storage" as one of their primary functions? Check all that apply (2) - fat cells - lymphocytes - liver cells - epidermal cells

(1) liver cells & (2) fat cells

Which of the following are characteristics of all living things? Check all that apply (4) - has a brain - metabolism - reproduction - adaptation - mobility - regulation

(1) metabolism, (2) reproduction, (3) adaptation, & (4) regulation

Which of the following statements are true regarding the structure and functions of nervous tissue? Check all that apply. (3) - nervous tissue contains neurons and glial cells - glial cells are responsible for information processing, control, and internal communication - neurons are often the longest cells in the body due to the length of the axons - the short, branched processes that extend from the neuron cell body are called dendrites

(1) nervous tissue contains neurons and glial cells, (2) neurons are often the longest cells in the body due to the length of the axons, & (3) the short, branched processes that extend from the neuron cell body are called dendrites

Check all that are a type of passive transport. (4) - osmosis - facilitated diffusion - bulk transport - simple diffusion - ion pumps - bulk filtration

(1) osmosis, (2) facilitated diffusion, (3) simple diffusion, & (4) bulk filtration

Check all that are a component of the thoracic cavity. (3) - abdominal cavity - pericardial cavity - pelvic cavity - mediastinum - pleural cavity

(1) pericardial activity, (2) mediastinum, (3) pleural cavity

Select all that are true of epithelial tissue. (2) - the basal surface is usually exposed to internal body spaces - they are almost completely composed of cells - epithelia have a good blood supply - they allow for sensation and detection of the surrounding environment

(1) they are almost completely composed of cells, (2) they allow for sensation and detection of the surrounding environment

Select all that are a part of the endocrine system. (2) - thymus gland - trachea - salivary gland - pancreas

(1) thymus gland & (2) pancreas

A serous membrane is composed of mesothelium and an underlying layer of connective tissue.

True

Allowing oxygen to diffuse through the cell membrane, but rejecting a large protein from passing, is an example of selective permeability.

True

Cells are signaled to self destruct in a process called apoptosis.

True

DNA molecules replicate during interphase

True

Desmosomes provide resistance to mechanical stress at a single point.

True

The SEM (scanning electron microscope) allows for higher resolution as compared to light microscopy.

True

The component of the cell that serves as the control center of cellular activities is the _____________.

nucleus

The scientific discipline that studies the function of body structures is called _________________.

physiology

The type of muscle tissue that would be found in the wall of the bladder is ______________ muscle tissue.

smooth

Where would this type of muscle tissue be found?

wall of heart