Science 1088, 4th Edition, Self Test

hygrometer

A _______________ measures the amount of water vapor in the air.

barometer

A ________________ measures the amount of pressure with which the air is pushing down on Earth.

raindrops

Dust particles that attract water vapor from the nuclei of ______________.

streams

Jet ____________, which are wind currents in the troposphere, are useful to pilots.

outermost

The exosphere is the ____________ layer of Earth's atmosphere.

less

A mass of heated, expanded gas forming in a mass of cooler, concentrated gas will rise in the cooler gas because the heated gas is ____________ dense.

pause

An atmospheric ___________ is the boundary marking a change in atmospheric conditions from one layer to another.

oxygen

Approximately 78 percent of the atmosphere is nitrogen, and about 21 percent is _____________.

thinner

Atmospheric gases become _____________ as the altitude increases.

Torricelli

Evangelista _____________ invented the mercury barometer in 1643.

rays

Heat from the sun enters the atmosphere as radiation in the form of energetic _______________.

flexible

If we understand that God wants only the best for us, we can be _____________ and trust Him with our daily plans.

volcanic eruptions

Natural occurrences, such as _________________ and forest fires, release carbon dioxide and solid particles into the air, causing local variations in the atmosphere.

auroras

Northern and southern lights, or _____________, occur in the ionosphere.

100 degrees

On the Celsius scale, water boils at ______________.

0 degrees

On the Celsius scale, water freezes at _____________.

212 degrees

On the Fahrenheit scale, water boils at ________________.

32 degrees

On the Fahrenheit scale, water freezes at ___________________.

percent

Relative humidity indicates the _______________ of water vapor actually in the air compared to the greatest amount the air could hold at that temperature.

reradiation

Since Earth gives off less energetic rays that air absorbs easily, air around us is mainly heated by ____________ from Earth's surface.

stratosphere

The _____________ contains the blanket of ozone surrounding Earth, which forms an effective protective shield.

magnetosphere

The _____________ protects Earth and its inhabitants by redirecting dangerous, high-energy particles emitted by sun activity.

ionosphere

The ______________ is the part of the thermosphere where ions are found in abundance.

low

The arrival of stormy weather is associated with _____________ atmospheric pressure.

mesosphere

The atmosphere's lowest temperature occurs in the _____________ and the highest temperature occurs in the thermosphere.

expands

The chemical inside the glass tube of liquid thermometers ____________ with heat.

contracts

The chemical inside the glass tube of liquid thermometers ______________ with cold.

ultraviolet

The ozone forms an effective protective shield that absorbs large amounts of ______________ from the sun.

homosphere

The region of mixed gases where the proportions of gases remain the same is the ________________.

heterosphere

The region of unmixed, single gases that consists of four different levels - nitrogen, oxygen, helium, and hydrogen - is the _____________.

plant

Thick ___________ growth causes local variations in the atmosphere because during photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is removed from the air and oxygen is released.

thunderheads

Towering cumulonimbus clouds with anvil-shaped tops are known as _________.

meteorites

When meteors strike Earth, they are called _____________.

cumulus

White, puffy _____________ clouds are usually a sign of fair weather.

stratus

___________ clouds are wide, flat layered clouds that are usually low in the sky and can cause drizzling rain for several days.

cirrus

____________ clouds are thin, hairlike clouds that occur at 20,000 feet or higher and are composed of tiny ice crystals.

air pressure

____________ decreases about one inch of mercury for every 1,000 feet increase in altitude above sea level.

humidity

____________ is the water vapor content of air.

noble

_____________ gases are gases that rarely react with other elements.

saturation

_____________ occurs when the air has all the water vapor that it can possibly hold and the relative humidity is 100 percent.

water vapor

______________ causes local atmospheric variations when it returns to Earth as precipitation, which cleans the air of dirt particles as it falls.

nitrogen

______________ fixation is the process of converting nitrogen in air into a form that green plants can use, causing local variations in the atmosphere.

troposphere

______________ means "place of change" and is the thick bottom layer of the atmosphere.

air

_______________ pollution causes local variations in the composition of Earth's atmosphere and is worse over cities having many industries and automobiles.