Science- 45 Flash Cards about Chromatin

What is chromatin immunoprecipitation?

Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is a way to study chromatin in which you can see if a certain protein in chromatin is binded to it.

what is inside chromatin.

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

What is chromatin?

Chromatin is a group of genes, DNA, and proteins that can pack itself together to form chromosomes during cell division.

Why is chromatin so complex?

Chromatin is found in eukaryotic cells, which are more complex than prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells contain specialized organelles. Since the cell chromatin is found in is complex, chromatin is complex.

Where is chromatin found?

Chromatin is found inside the nucleolus, which is found inside the nucleus.

Why is chromatin important?

Chromatin is important because it allows the DNA to be copied without being damaged.

What is chromatin made of?

Chromatin is made of DNA and packaged by histones.

Did you know...

Chromatin is really just DNA but with proteins connected to it.

What is chromatin remodeling?

Chromatin remodeling is when the structure of chromatin is changed to allow the genomic DNA to reach proteins.

When was chromatin discovered?

Chromatin was discovered in 1878.

What is inside of chromatin?

Proteins, deoxyribonucleic acid, and fibers are inside of chromatin.

Thank you to all the websites that helped us conduct our insvestigation!

References: https://www.etymonline.com/word/chromosome http://www.abcam.com/epigenetics/chromatin-structure-and-function-a-guide https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-differences-between-chromosomes-chromatids-and-chromatin https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/the-plural-of/chromatin.html http://www.dictionary.com/browse/histone http://www.dictionary.com/browse/dna https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/chromatin?page=2&sort=newest&pagesize=15 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2596136/ https://www.thoughtco.com/chromatin-373461 https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/nucleosome-nucleosomes-30 https://www.quora.com/What-would-happen-without-chromatin http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19491034.2017.1292192 http://oerpub.github.io/epubjs-demo-book/content/m46073.xhtml https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18925405 http://www.differencebetween.net/science/biology-science/differences-between-euchromatin-and-heterochromatin/ http://medcell.med.yale.edu/histology/cell_lab.php http://www.bio.brandeis.edu/haberlab/jehsite/chIP.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1329625/ https://www.google.com/search?q=nucleolus&rlz=1C1GGRV_enUS763US763&oq=nucleolus&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j0j69i59j69i61j0l2.2889j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 http://www.abcam.com/epigenetics/chromatin-structure-and-function-a-guide https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221154631300048X http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/03/science/03qna.html

What is scanning electron microscopy?

Scanning electron microscopy is a process by which you can see organelles and DNA compounds by using a scanning electron microscope. A scanning electron microscope is a microscope that scans organisms with a beam of electrons so people can see microscopic organisms.

What surrounds the chromatin?

The nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus, that surrounds the nucleolus, where chromatin resides.

What is euchromatin?

Euchromatin is a form of chromatin that exists during interphase that is not as compact as heterochromatin.

What is a histone tail?

A histone tail is one main region in the core histones of chromatin.

What is a product of chromatin?

A product of condensed chromatin are chromosomes.

What makes up chromatin?

A protein called a histone wrapped around DNA in a stringy form make up chromatin.

What is a way to study the modification of chromatin?

A way to study the modification of chromatin is by using chromatin immunoprecipitation.

What is the difference between chromatin and chromatids?

Chromatin are the base of chromosomes and exist in fiber- like forms while chromatids are one half of a duplicated chromosome.

Can the DNA inside chromatin be repaired if it is damaged?

Chromatin can be repaired if it is damaged. The way it can be repaired is that checkpoints in the DNA can block the cell cycle before the damaged DNA is replicated.

What processes does chromatin go through?

Chromatin goes through interphase and mitosis along with the nucleus.

What is heterochromatin?

Heterochromatin is a form of chromatin that is condensed enough to block all replication of DNA. Heterochromatin only exists in eukaryotes.

What are histone octamers?

Histone octamers are groups of eight histones, that when wrapped around by DNA produce nucleosomes, that then produce chromatin.

What processes can you use to see chromatin?

Light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy can be used to see chromatin.

What are histones?

Histones are groups of proteins that with DNA produce chromatin.

What would happen if the cell did not have chromatin?

If the cell did not have chromatin, DNA would not fit inside the nucleus and genes would fade away. Without chromatin, you would not be able to express your unique traits.

What is light microscopy?

Light microscopy is a process by which you can see organelles and DNA compounds by using a light microscope. A light microscope is a microscope that uses light and magnifying lenses to see a microscopic organism.

Where do modifications in the histone proteins occur?

Most of the modifications in the histone proteins occur in the histone tail.

What is a nucleolus?

Nucleoluses house chromatin. During interphase, they are found inside the nucleus.

What are nucleosomes made up of?

Nucleosomes are made up of DNA wrapped around histone octamers. Nucleosomes are the subunit of chromatin.

What are nucleosomes?

Nucleosomes are subunits of chromatin that can be folded to create chromatin.

What is the basic structural unit of chromatin?

The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome.

If you had a damaged DNA and then it repairs itself, will the damage leave a mark?

The damage will leave marks in the chromatin, at least until it repairs itself. To repair itself, it modifies histones and moves nucleosomes around to participate in check point signaling.

What is the definition of chromatin?

The definition of chromatin is a material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.

What is the function of chromatin?

The function of chromatin is to package DNA so it can fit into the nucleus. Another function of chromatin is to protect the DNA from being damaged.

What organelle continues the chromatin's job?

The nucleus continues the chromatin's job. It processes the information that chromatin contains.

What would happen if DNA was not compacted by chromatin?

The nucleus is a few nanometers wide. The DNA is about 1 milimeter. If DNA was not compacted by chromatin, the DNA would not fit into the nucleus.

How big is chromatin?

The nucleus that surrounds chromatin is about a few nanometers, so that means that chromatin is smaller than nanometers.

What are the roots of the word chromatin?

The roots of the word chromatin are chroma- which means color in Greek and the suffix -tin.

What are the two forms of chromatin?

The two forms of chromatin are euchromatin ad heterochromatin.

What is transmission electron microscopy?

Transmission electron microscopy is a process by which you can see organelles and DNA compounds by using a transmission electron microscope. A transmission electron microscope is a microscope that projects electrons though an organism to see microscopic organisms.

Who discovered chromatin?

Walther Flemming discovered chromatin.

What happens when chromatin becomes damaged?

When chromatin becomes damaged, the DNA also becomes damaged, because the chromatin's job is to protect the DNA.

What does chromatin resemble when stretched out and magnified?

When stretched out and magnified, chromatin resembles strung beads.

How many base pairs of DNA do you need to wrap around histones to form a nucleosome, which is a basic version of chromatin?

You need 147 DNA base pairs to create nucleosomes.