Science chapter 6 review
Faults
A fracture surface on which sliding occurs
Thrust fault
A reverse fault with a gentle dip (less than 30 degrees). Both reverse and thrust shorten the crust during continental collision.
Foliation
An alignment of mineral grains in a metamorphic rock
Temperature
Heat makes material softer which allows them to change shape
Weathering and erosion and then compaction and cementation
Metamorphic Rock turns into sedimentary rock through which process?
Slip
The sliding movement along a fault
Regional
What type of metamorphism is caused by high temperature and high pressure imposed over a large volume of crust?
Amphibolite
What would be the first rock that basalt would turn into when metamorphosed?
Marble
What would be the first rock that limestone would turn into when metamorphosed?
Quartzite
What would be the first rock that sandstone turns into when metamorphosed?
Slate
What would be the first rock that shale turns into when metamorphosed?
Stretching
When a layer becomes longer or experiences extension
Transformed in the solid state
When rocks are metamorphosed, the mineral components of the rock are
Non plunging and plunging folds
When the hinge is horizontal, the fold is non-plunging. When the hinge is tilted, the fold is plunging.
D
Which letter in the diagram represents magma?
Quartzite
Which of the following is a non-foliated metamorphic rock?
Marble
Which of the following metamorphic rocks can not form from a shale?
Gneiss
Which of the following rocks represents the highest metamorphic grade?
Shale- slate- phylite
Which of the following sets is arranged in order of increasing metamorphic grade?
Schist
Which of these metamorphic rocks breaks along foliation lines?
Displacement
A change in location
Rotatiom
A change in orientation
Distortion
A change in shape
Shear strain
A change in shape where the movement of one part of a rock body slides sideways past another
Deformation
A change in shape, position, or orientation of a material, by bending, breaking, or flowing
Monocline
A dip in a rock (one side dips)
Dip-slip fault
A slip takes place parallel to a line pointing down the slope of the fault surface
Deformation rate
A sudden change in shape can cause brittle deformation. A slow change in slope can cause plastic deformation.
Magma is in contact with other rocks
Contact metamorphism results whenever
Undeformed
Contains no geologic structures other than a few joints
Foliation
Layering in rock that develops when metamorphism happens during deformation
Limestone
Marble is a metamorphic rock that forms from a BLANK parent
Melting and solidification
Metamorphic rock turns into igneous rock through which process?
Texture- the presence/absence of foliation
Metamorphic rocks are classified primarily according to
Gneiss
Metamorphic rocks with segregated light and dark minerals are called
Carbon dioxide
Metamorphism of limestone may contribute to global warming by the release of
Joints
Natural cracks
regional metamorphism
Produces metamorphic rocks over large areas, produces foliated metamorphic rocks, and is occurring as you read this question
Pressure
Rocks behave plastically when pressure is applied deep within the earth
Sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, and igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks can be made of particles from which of the following?
Low pressure, low temperature conditions
Slate is a metamorphic rock type associated with
Up or down
What does the hanging wall slide relative to the footwall?
Weathering, erosion, deposition, cementation
What lists the steps an igneous rock undergoes in order to become a sedimentary rock, in the correct order?
Basin
A fold shaped like an upright bowl
Dome
A fold with the shape of an over-turned bowl.
Folds
Bends, curved, or wrinkles of rock layers
High temperature, high pressure conditions
Gneiss is a metamorphic rock associated with
At mid ocean ridges
Hydrothermal metamorphism is very common in which of the following settings?
Shortening
If a layer becomes shorter
Heat and pressure
Igneous rock turns into metamorphic rock through which process?
Local heat source
In contact metamorphism there is a
The increase in temperature with increasing depth of burial
In regional metamorphism the source of increased temperature and pressure is
Convergent plate boundaries
In what plate tectonic setting does regional metamorphism usually take place?
Heat and pressure
Limestone is a sedimentary rock. During the rock cycle, limestone is changed into marble, a metamorphic rock. The processes that an act on limestone and change it onto marble are
Strain
The amount of distortion that a body of rock or a region of crust develops during deformation
Displacement
The amount of movement that takes place across a fault
Metasomatism
The change in the bulk composition of a rock during metamorphism
Normal Fault
The hanging wall slides down relative to the footwall. Results in stretching during crustal rifting.
Reverse Fault
The hanging wall slides up relative to the footwall
Metasomatism is metamorphism with the introduction of additional ions from an external source
The major difference between metamorphism is
Foliation
The parallel alignment of mica in a metamorphic rock is an example of BLANK
The internal heat of the Earth, the weight of overlying rocks, and horizontal pressures developed as rocks become deformed
The pressure and heat that drive metamorphism result from which three forces?
Heat and pressure
The principal agents of metamorphism are
Brittle deformation
The process by which a material cracks or fractures to form pieces that no longer hold together
Plastic deformation
The process during which objects change shape without visibly breaking
Erosion
The process in which water, ice, wind and gravity carries particles down and away is
Deposition
The process in which water, ice, wind, and gravity drop newly formed sediment is
Orogeny
The process that builds mountain ranges
Strike-slip fault
The slip direction is parallel to a horizontal line on the fault surface
Metacomglomerate
What would be the first rock that conglomerate would turn into when metamorphosed?
Gneiss
What would be the first rock that granite would turn into when metamorphosed?
Weathering
Which of these processes causes the breakdown of rocks?
igneous rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock
Which type of rock can change into metamorphic rock?
Sedimentary
According to the diagram, what type of rock is being formed at letter A?
E
According to the diagram, which letter represents igneous rock?
Shear Compression Tension
Describe the three stresses of rock from top to bottom
Reaction with hydrothermal fluids
During metamorphism, changes in the bulk composition of a rock occur primarily as a result of BLANK?
Anticlines
Folds that have an arch-like shape in which the limbs dip away from the hinge. (A for arch)
Syncline
Folds with a trough- shape in which the limbs dip towards the hinge (it sinks)
Metamorphic
From the picture below what rock is being formed for letter B?
