Science Climate and Water cycle

water that falls back to Earth rain, sleet, snow, hail is called

precipitation

what is the source of almost all fresh water on or bellow earths surface

precipitation

what are the main factors that affect precipitation

prevailing winds presense of mountains and seasonal winds

winds off the ocean do what

prevent most extreme temperatures

the amount of water vapor in the air mass influence how much

rain or snow might fall

____ and ____ fall from the clouds toward the surface as what

rain snow precipitation

the water then __________ the surface or moves through the ground back to lakes streams and eventually the oceans

runs off

a small amount of the remaining water ____ ___ the surface into streams and lakes in a process called ______ but most of it seeps into groundwater

runs off runoff

by the time the air has moved over the mountains it has lost most of its water vapor so its

cool and dry

many mountainous areas have _____ climates than the low areas around them

cooler

what are marine currents

currents that are not extreme and have an ocean breezes coming in

then the water cycle starts over again with

evaporation

in the water cycle water vapor enters the atmosphere by ______ from the oceans and other bodies of water and leaves by ________

evaporation condensation

in California Mojave Desert there is more _________ than _____________, so the climate is

evaporation precipitation hot and dry

water vapor condenses more easily at what kind of temperatures so some water vapor cools and condenses into what?

low clouds

evaporation is the process by which

molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gaseous state

do winds that blow inland have more or less water vapor

more

marine climates are influenced by

ocean currents

as the sun heats the lands and ______ the sun provides energy to change the amounts of energy in the atmosphere

oceans

prevailing winds are the winds that usually blow in

one direction in a region

water enters the roots of ______ rises to the ______ and is released into the air as water vapor

plants leaves

between the ________ and the ________ zones, are the _________

polar tropical temperate

the ____________ extends from about 66.5 to 90 north and 66.5 to 90 south latitudes

polar zone

oceans or large lakes can also be affected by

temperatures

in summer the suns energy strikes the ________ zone most directly and least directly in the winter

temprate

what is an example of a cool climate

the California current

when the Gulf Stream crosses the North Atlantic it becomes what

the North Atlantic drift

What is the water cycle?

the continues process in watch water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back, driven by the energy form the sun and gravity

weather patterns depend on

the moment of huge air masses

evaporation is

the process by which molecules of liquid water escape into the air after becoming water vapor

condensation is

the process by which water vapor becomes liquid water

water consistently evaporates from

the surfaces of bodies of water such as oceans and lakes as well as from soil and your skin

the amount of water vapor in prevailing wind depends on

where the wind blows from

rain or snow falls on the _______ side of a mountain the side that

windward the wind hits

total precipitation tends toward a

yearly average

water vapor is also added to air by ____ _____

living things

Climate on the other hand is a

long term weather pattern in an area

what are some places with marine climates

NA SA and Europe

most precipitation that falls on land does what

evaporates

when humid wind blown inland to the costal mountains, they

are forced to rise

climate refers to the

average year after year conditions of temperature, precipitation, wind, and clouds in an area

most precipitation falls directly where?

back to the ocean

the rates of evaporation and precipitation are

balanced

After a water molecule evaporates warm air can do what to it

carry it upward

warm water warms the air above it and it moves toward land affecting ______

climate

there winters are______ and summers________

cold hot or warm

rising air cools and water vapor ___________ forming _______

condenses clouds

as part of the water cycle some water vapor does what

condenses into clouds

the centers of NA and Asia are too far inland to be affected by ocean breezes so most of Canada Russia and central US have _____--

continental climates

cold currents also affect climate by brining cold water from the polar zones toward the equator the cold current brings

cool air

the suns rays hit the equator most

directly

no matter where you live weather changes how often?

every day

animals also release water vapor into the air every time they

exhale

continental climates are more what than marine climates

extreme

after a long time groundwater does what

goes back to the ocean or lake and evaporates again

as more water vapor condenses around a cloud the water droplets __________ ________. Eventually they become so heavy that what happens?

grow bigger they fall back to Earth

best known warm water current is

gulf stream

the temperate weather ranges from what to what

hot in summer to cool in winter

a mountain range in path of prevailing winds can also do what

influence where precipitation falls

In the water cycle water moves between what?

land, living things, bodies of water on Earth's surface, and the atmosphere

temperature is affected by what

latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of water, and ocean currents

plants draw in water from the soil with there roots eventually the water is given off through the _________ as _______ ______ in a process called what

leaves water vapor transpiration

the land on the _______ side of the mountain side______ is in a rain shadow _____ precipitation falls there

leeward downwind little

the _______ is the area near the equator at 23.5 north latitude and 23.5 south latitude

tropical zone

the ____________ receives direct sunlight all year

tropical zone

some warm ocean currents move from

tropics toward poles

in the __________ temperature decreases about _____ for every 1 kilometer increase in altitude

troposphere 6.5 degrees c

the amount of precipitation that falls in an area can

vary each year

air masses can be _____ or ______, _____ or _____

warm cool dry humid

in general areas closer to the equator have

warmer climates

the _____________ determines climate patterns

water cycle

the movement of water through earths systems powered by the suns energy is called the

water cycle

how are clouds formed?

water vapor condenses and clumps around solid particles in the air