Science Climate and Water cycle
water that falls back to Earth rain, sleet, snow, hail is called
precipitation
what is the source of almost all fresh water on or bellow earths surface
precipitation
what are the main factors that affect precipitation
prevailing winds presense of mountains and seasonal winds
winds off the ocean do what
prevent most extreme temperatures
the amount of water vapor in the air mass influence how much
rain or snow might fall
____ and ____ fall from the clouds toward the surface as what
rain snow precipitation
the water then __________ the surface or moves through the ground back to lakes streams and eventually the oceans
runs off
a small amount of the remaining water ____ ___ the surface into streams and lakes in a process called ______ but most of it seeps into groundwater
runs off runoff
by the time the air has moved over the mountains it has lost most of its water vapor so its
cool and dry
many mountainous areas have _____ climates than the low areas around them
cooler
what are marine currents
currents that are not extreme and have an ocean breezes coming in
then the water cycle starts over again with
evaporation
in the water cycle water vapor enters the atmosphere by ______ from the oceans and other bodies of water and leaves by ________
evaporation condensation
in California Mojave Desert there is more _________ than _____________, so the climate is
evaporation precipitation hot and dry
water vapor condenses more easily at what kind of temperatures so some water vapor cools and condenses into what?
low clouds
evaporation is the process by which
molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gaseous state
do winds that blow inland have more or less water vapor
more
marine climates are influenced by
ocean currents
as the sun heats the lands and ______ the sun provides energy to change the amounts of energy in the atmosphere
oceans
prevailing winds are the winds that usually blow in
one direction in a region
water enters the roots of ______ rises to the ______ and is released into the air as water vapor
plants leaves
between the ________ and the ________ zones, are the _________
polar tropical temperate
the ____________ extends from about 66.5 to 90 north and 66.5 to 90 south latitudes
polar zone
oceans or large lakes can also be affected by
temperatures
in summer the suns energy strikes the ________ zone most directly and least directly in the winter
temprate
what is an example of a cool climate
the California current
when the Gulf Stream crosses the North Atlantic it becomes what
the North Atlantic drift
What is the water cycle?
the continues process in watch water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back, driven by the energy form the sun and gravity
weather patterns depend on
the moment of huge air masses
evaporation is
the process by which molecules of liquid water escape into the air after becoming water vapor
condensation is
the process by which water vapor becomes liquid water
water consistently evaporates from
the surfaces of bodies of water such as oceans and lakes as well as from soil and your skin
the amount of water vapor in prevailing wind depends on
where the wind blows from
rain or snow falls on the _______ side of a mountain the side that
windward the wind hits
total precipitation tends toward a
yearly average
water vapor is also added to air by ____ _____
living things
Climate on the other hand is a
long term weather pattern in an area
what are some places with marine climates
NA SA and Europe
most precipitation that falls on land does what
evaporates
when humid wind blown inland to the costal mountains, they
are forced to rise
climate refers to the
average year after year conditions of temperature, precipitation, wind, and clouds in an area
most precipitation falls directly where?
back to the ocean
the rates of evaporation and precipitation are
balanced
After a water molecule evaporates warm air can do what to it
carry it upward
warm water warms the air above it and it moves toward land affecting ______
climate
there winters are______ and summers________
cold hot or warm
rising air cools and water vapor ___________ forming _______
condenses clouds
as part of the water cycle some water vapor does what
condenses into clouds
the centers of NA and Asia are too far inland to be affected by ocean breezes so most of Canada Russia and central US have _____--
continental climates
cold currents also affect climate by brining cold water from the polar zones toward the equator the cold current brings
cool air
the suns rays hit the equator most
directly
no matter where you live weather changes how often?
every day
animals also release water vapor into the air every time they
exhale
continental climates are more what than marine climates
extreme
after a long time groundwater does what
goes back to the ocean or lake and evaporates again
as more water vapor condenses around a cloud the water droplets __________ ________. Eventually they become so heavy that what happens?
grow bigger they fall back to Earth
best known warm water current is
gulf stream
the temperate weather ranges from what to what
hot in summer to cool in winter
a mountain range in path of prevailing winds can also do what
influence where precipitation falls
In the water cycle water moves between what?
land, living things, bodies of water on Earth's surface, and the atmosphere
temperature is affected by what
latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of water, and ocean currents
plants draw in water from the soil with there roots eventually the water is given off through the _________ as _______ ______ in a process called what
leaves water vapor transpiration
the land on the _______ side of the mountain side______ is in a rain shadow _____ precipitation falls there
leeward downwind little
the _______ is the area near the equator at 23.5 north latitude and 23.5 south latitude
tropical zone
the ____________ receives direct sunlight all year
tropical zone
some warm ocean currents move from
tropics toward poles
in the __________ temperature decreases about _____ for every 1 kilometer increase in altitude
troposphere 6.5 degrees c
the amount of precipitation that falls in an area can
vary each year
air masses can be _____ or ______, _____ or _____
warm cool dry humid
in general areas closer to the equator have
warmer climates
the _____________ determines climate patterns
water cycle
the movement of water through earths systems powered by the suns energy is called the
water cycle
how are clouds formed?
water vapor condenses and clumps around solid particles in the air