Science Olympiad: Anatomy and Physiology Study Set

Tachycardia and bradycardia are respectively defined as heart rate greater than _______ beats per minute (bpm) and heart rate less than _______ bpm.

100 ... 60

A person who has received a vaccine against polio?

A

An example of an autoimmune disease is

A

Antibodies

A

Autoimmune diseases result when the immune system

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

The tonsils

A

What happens when a person who is allergic to ragweed encounters ragweed?

A

Which of the following is NOT a step in identifying the pathogen that causes a specific disease?

A

If a person has memory B cells against a certain pathogen, the person is

B

The body's nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens include

B

The function of melanin in the skin is

B

The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by

B

The inflammatory response can cause

B

The symptoms of the inflammatory response include

B

The thymus

B

Unlike passive immunity, in active immunity antibodies are produced by

B

When a person receives a vaccine, his or her body

B

The tricuspid valve is located:

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Heart Case Study (Ventricular Septal Defect) The echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) reveal that Isabelle's murmur is caused by something called a ventricular septal defect (VSD). A VSD is a hole in the inter ventricular septum, the wall of the muscle that separates the left ventricle from the right ventricle. The ECG shows sinus rhythm with no conduction of abnormalities. Think about the position of the heart in the chest cavity. Isabelle's VSD is in the interventricular septum between the mitral and tricuspid valves. At what anatomical location would the nurse practitioner best hear Isabelle's murmur?

Between the right upper sternal border and the left upper sternal border

Remember to imagine that blood in the heart is color-coded according to its oxygenation status (oxygenated blood is red, and deoxygenated blood is blue). What color of blood would you expect to see in Isabelle's right ventricle?

Both red and blue

An example of an infectious disease that is caused by a virus is

C

An infectious disease is one that is caused by

C

Humoral immunity originates from

C

Macrophages

C

Which of the following regions would be found in a light chain?

C

Which of these is an example of innate immunity?

C

______________ is a viral infection of the epidermis.

C

How would you expect the VSD to effect Isabelle's cardiac output ?

Cardiac output would decrease because stroke volume would decrease

A fungal infection that affects the keratinized portion of the skin is called

D

All of the following are considered effects of aging on the integumentary system EXCEPT:

D

An immune response is trigerred by a(n)

D

HIV weakens the immune system by killing mainly

D

Lymph nodes

D

The lymphatic system

D

The sneezing, runny nose and itchy eyes associated with allergies are caused when

D

Variable amino acid sequences on the arms of the antibody molecule

D

Which of the following is a way that an infectious disease might be transmitted?

D

Which of the following is an example of a disease-carrying organism and the disease it spreads?

D

_____________ is caused by bacteria and characterized by a blistery rash on the skin.

D

Oxygenated blood flows from the pulmonary circulation into the right atrium via the pulmonary veins.

False

The AV node is considered the heart's pacemaker.

False

In what, if any, manner would you expect a VSD to alter the flow of blood through Isabelle's heart?

I would expect that some blood would flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle during systole due to higher pressure in the left ventricle during systole.

Which of the following factors can increase cardiac output?

Increasing heart rate, increasing the contractilty of the heart (i.e., increasing the forcefulness of contraction), increasing end diastolic volume

Remember to imagine that blood in the heart is color-coded according to its oxygenation status (oxygenated blood is red, and deoxygenated blood is blue). What color of blood would you expect to see in Isabelle's left ventricle?

Red

Choose the answer that correctly depicts the order of blood flow through a normal heart and major blood vessels:

Right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary trunk > pulmonary veins > left atrium > left ventricle > aorta

Choose the answer that correctly depicts the order of impulse conduction in the cardiac conduction system.

SA node > AV node > AV bundle > left and rigth bundle branches > Purkinje fibers

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute. The cardiac output is the product of:

Stroke volume and heart rate

The two valves located on the right side of the heart are the:

Tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve

The first heart sound (S1) is caused by closure of the AV valves and the second heart sound (S2) is caused by closure of the SL valves.

True

The mitral valve is closed during:

Ventricular systole

Which of the following NOT part of the integumentary system?

cartilage

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

contracts and relaxes muscles

In the heart of a person without a VSD, blood in the right ventricle would be _________, and blood in the left ventricle would be _________.

deoxygenated .... oxygenated

What are the layers of the skin?

epidermis and dermis

The epidermis is made up mostly of

flat, dead cells

Which of the following produce keratin?

hair folicles

Blood returns to the heart from the systemic circulation through which blood vessels?

inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, coronary sinus

Which of the following is a protein that makes up hair and nails?

keratin

The most important function of the skin is

separating the body from its environment

On an electrocardiogram the QRS complex results from ____________ and the P wave results from ___________.

ventricular depolarization ... atrial depolarization