Science. plates

The edges of tectonic plates are called __________

(1) Boundaries

Plates usually only move a few __________ per year

(1) Centimeters

When the continental crust of one plate and the __________ crust of another plate collide, the denser __________ crust is forced down into the __________

(1) Continental (2) tectonic (3) mantle

A(n) __________ boundary is where two plates move each other

(1) Convergent

At convergent boundaries, tectonic plates (subduct, induct) or collide

induct

In what direction do plates move at the convergent plate boundaries?

into eachother

The movement of tectonic plates is strong enough to form __________ and cause powerful earthquakes

lakes

What is a fracture?

how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way

Other (fossil, geological) evidence, such as the ancient reptile Mesosaurus found on continents seperated by an ocean of (saltwater, freshwater) also support the theory of tectonic plates.

(1) Fossil (2) Salt water

Plate tectonics allow scientists to explain many __________ and to __________ geological events.

(1) Observations (2) predict

The plates move away from or toward other __________ or they , might __________ by eachother

(1) Plates (2) Slide

The (lithosphere, subduction zone) is where one plate slides under another. This can often occur at (convergent, divergent) plate boundaries. In this case, the (denser, less dense) oceanic plate is forced downward into the mantle.

(1) Subduction (2) convergent (3) Denser

These plates move slowly other Earth's __________

(1) Surface

The theory of __________ states that earth's _________ is broken into rigid plates.

(1) Tectonic Plates (2) Crust

Earth's __________ is hot and it flows in a plastic way caused by _________

(1) asthenosphere (2) heat

The shear forces can __________ or break features that cross the boundary.

(1) bend

Mountains can result from __________ forces

(1) compression

__________ is the squeezing force at a convergent boundary

(1) compression

__________ that cause plates to move comes from deep within __________

(1) convection (2) Earth

A(n) __________ boundary is where two plates move away from eachother

(1) divergent

The same types of __________ of ancient organisms have also been found on different continents.

(1) fossils

__________ evidence shows that similar rocks and mountains are found on different continents.

(1) geological

Evidence of plate movement includes __________ which is based on the fact that the continents fit together like pieces of a(n) __________

(1) land features (2) puzzle

__________ can erupt from the rift, forming new __________ as it cools

(1) magma (2) crust

When two continents collide, __________ form

(1) mountains

Objects on the two sides of the transform boundary move in __________ directions

(1) opposite

as the mantle moves it moves the __________

(1) plates

a(n) __________ forms between two divergent plates

(1) rift

__________ is the side by side dragging force at a transform boundary

(1) shear

There area where one plate slides under another is called a(n) __________

(1) subduction zone

Continental drift was not readily accepted because it did not explain how __________ move.

(1) tectonic plates

Rift valleys and mid ocean ridges form from __________ forces

(1) tension

__________ is the pulling force at a divergent boundary

(1) tension

a(n) __________ boundary is where plates __________ horizontally past eachother

(1) transform (2) slide

What is cleavage?

A mineral that splits easily along flat surfaces

What is a metamorphic rock?

Any type of rock that experiences extreme heat and pressure and changes into different rock.

Why is calcite more likely to interact with other materials than quartz

Calcite is softer than quartz, and dissolves in water.

What are the thickness of the layers of earth.

Crust (5-70km), Mantle (2900km), Outer Core (2250km), Innter core (1280km)

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

Earth's plates are in slow, constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle

Fossil Evidence or Geological Evidence Freshwater reptiles are found in South America and Africa

Fossil

Fossil Evidence or Geological Evidence Similar animals are found on two continents seperated by a vast ocean

Fossil

Fossil Evidence or Geological Evidence The same ancient plant existed on different continents

Fossil

Fossil Evidence or Geological Evidence Similar rocks are found on two distant continents.

Geological

What is a sedimentary rock?

Made up of sediments Loose materials such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and organic materials that have been moved by wind, water, gravity, or ice - Form when sediments are pressed and cemented together.

What is igneous rock?

Rock formed from melting rock turning into magma then cooling.

What is the streak of a mineral?

The color of a mineral in powdered form

What is the earths mantle

The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.

What is luster?

The way a mineral reflects light

What is the earths crust

This is the rocky material on which we stand that together with the uppermost mantle makes up the lithosphere.

What is a mineral?

a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition

The (continental crust, asthenosphere) is found deep in earth.

asthenosphere

In what direction do plates move at divergent boundaries

away from each other

At convergent boundaries a squeezing force is called __________

compression

Forces that form mountains are called __________ forces

compression

Scientists believe plates move because (convection, subduction) affects the mantle form at this type of boundary.

convection

One type of plate boundary is called (convergent, subduction) deep ocean trenches can form at this type of boundary

convergent

The squeezing force found at __________ is powerful enough to twist and fold earth's crust

convergent

Order of the layers of the earth

crust, mantle (solid magnesium and iron silicates), outer core (liquid iron), inner core (solid iron)

At transform boundaries, a side-by-side __________ force is called shear is experienced.

dragging

What are shear forces?

force in which plates slide

What are compression forces?

force in which two places collide into eachother

Different types of boundaries experience different types of __________

forces

what are tension forces

form in which plates slide away from eachother

Fossil Evidence or Geological Evidence Locations of ancient glaciers can be traced from one continent to the next.

geological

Scientists use such (fossil, geological) evidence as rocks made of similar substances found on distant continents support the theory of plate tectonics.

geological

the forces found at different __________ form distinct landforms

plate boundaries

The theory of plate tectonics states that earth's crust is broken into rigid (continents plates) that slowly move over earth's surface

plates

In what directions do plates move at transform boundaries?

plates slide paralell from eachother

a (rift, mountain) can form at divergent boundaries on the ocean floor and within continents when plates move apart

rift

One contrast to deep ocean trenches, a (rift valley, mountain) forms where tension forces act on Earths crust.

rift valley

all types of forces at plate boundaries cause rocks to change __________ in some way

shape/form

(shear, compression) forces that occur at transform boundaries can cause railroad tracks to break or curve in odd ways.

shear

The continental crust moves horizontally when Earth's crust experiences (shear, compression) forces

shear

the __________ force found where tonic plates slide against eachother can break apart buildings

shear

Earths tectonic plates move (slowly, in spurts)

slowly

tectonic plates at plate boundaries move __________

slowly

In contrast to convergent boundaries __________ forces occur at divergent boundaries

tension

__________ forces pull the land apart and form rift valleys

tension

Mid-ocean ridges are the result of __________ forces found at divergent plate boundaries

tensional

What is the lithosphere?

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

What is the asthenosphere?

the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.