Science test 11-5-21

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Using the terms "evaporation", "condensation", and "precipitation", explain the water cycle in your own words.

During evaporation, water changes from a liquid to a gas. then condensation turns gas back into liquid. precipitation then takes water from the atmosphere to the surface.

This cycle is impacted by forest fires and deforestation

carbon

as this nutrient is stored underground for long periods of time, it can turn into coal and natural gas

carbon

plants play a role in this cycle by doing photosynthesis

carbon

this cycle is contributing to global climate change

carbon

how can carbon move from "land" to bodies of water?

carbon enters the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned. then carbon goes from the atmosphere to the oceans. bodies of water absorb some carbon from the atmosphere. carbon dissolves into water

describe one of the many paths a carbon molecule can take through the carbon cycle

carbon molecule is taken by plants through photosynthesis. then the plant's carbon molecule turns into oxygen. then an animal or primary consumer eats the plant

which parts of the water cycle represent short term stores?

clouds, plants/leaves, water on the ground(puddles), top layers of the oceans/lakes

which step involves water changing from a gas to a liquid?

condensation

Is the amount of water on Earth always changing or is it a constant amount?

constant amount

why is evaporated water so clean?

during evaporation, the impurities in the water go away

_______________ and _________ cycle through both ________ and ___________ components of ecosystems continually

elements, water, biotic, abiotic

how is cycling of nutrients different from the cycling of energy in an ecosystem?

energy is lost and replaces as it passes through an ecosystem. nutrients cycle continuously

when water is used for irrigation, only about one-half can be used again. Much of this water is lost for use on land because it _____________ back into the air.

evaporates

as water is heated it __________________ and ___________ into the atmosphere

evaporates, rises

which step involves water changing from a liquid to a gas?

evaporation and transpiration

what cause and effect prediction can be used to test the assumptions in the model?

evaporation will cause the temperature to decrease in the system

Nitrogen ________ converts _______ to ________ for organisms to use.

fixing bacteria, nitrogen gas(n2), ammonia(nh3)

since humans need nitrogen but cannot get it from the air, we instead get nitrogen from _________

food

Following the evaporation stage of the water cycle, the evaporated water...

forms cloud

explain how animals get their needed amounts of nitrogen

from eating plants or other animals that have organic molecules composed partially of nitrogen

condensation occurs when a ____ is changed into a _________. Condensation is the opposite of _________________

gas, liquid, evaporation

water may collect in ice caps, __________, bodies of water, or fall onto the ______________

glaciers, ground

runoff is affected by:

ground material, amount of rain, length of time it rains, slope of the ground, amount of vegetation, amount of development

_______ from the sun provides the ____________ needed to move water molecules through the cycle

heat, energy

watershed divides(areas of very _____ ground) separate one _________________ from another

high, drainage basin

explain why phosphates are a critical part of life

hold together rna and dna

How can human use of fossil fuels be detrimental to the enviroment?

human use of fossil fuels pollutes the environment, harming the earth, which creates greenhouse gases

___________ can impact cycles by ________ the amount of nutrients through ____________, urban expansion, ___________, and transporation- increased amounts of nutrients

humans, ___________, agriculture, mining

another name for the water cycle is the _______________ cycle

hydrologic

what are some long term stores?

ice caps/glaciers, deep ocean waters, groundwater/aquifers

balance of nutrients __ and ____ of _________

in, out, stores

explain how phosphorus runoff into oceans and lakes from farming has a negative impact on the ecosystem

it can lead to an overgrowth of producers

how is the phosphorus cycle different from other biogeochemical cycles?

it does not include a gas phase

how is nitrogen important in our lives?

it is essential for plant growth

evaporation is the process where a liquid changes from its _______ state to a _________ state

liquid, gas/vapor

long term stores

middle and deep ocean waters, coal oil and gas deposits, marine sediment and sedimentary rocks

humans impact the phosphorus cycle by ___________ and ________________________

mining, agricultural runoff

another useable form of nitrogen, NH4+ can be converted to _________________ by ___________________________ organisms to use

nitrates and nitrites, nitrifying bacteria for

Lightning combines nitrogen and oxygen in the air to form

nitric acid

ammonification is one of the steps of this cycle

nitrogen

lightning makes this nutrient usable by combining it with oxygen in the atmosphere

nitrogen

the majority of earths atmosphere is composed of gas from this cycle

nitrogen

Bacteria plants a large role in this cycle

nitrogen cycle

_______________ are used by plants and animals for ________ and other life functions

nutrients, growth

where is the majority of earth's water found?

oceans

name two carbon sinks

oceans and forests

respiration

opposite processes cycle both carbon and oxygen

The process of respiration is essential in the oxygen/carbon dioxide cycle. Respiration removes _________ from the atmosphere and produces and releases ________________ to the atmopshere

oxygen, carbon dioxide

This is the only cycle that does not involve movement of nutrients into the atmosphere

phosphorus

as rocks are broken down due to weathering they release this nutrient

phosphorus

mining increases the amount of this nutrient in the environment

phosphorus

during ____________ plants take in carbon, and during ____________ humans release carbon dioxide

photosynthesis, respiration

what are the steps of the carbon cycle?

photosynthesis, respiration, nutrition/feeding, decomposition, deposition, gas exchange, burning fossil fuels

respiration occurs in

plants and animals

What impact do humans have on the carbon cycle?

pollution by burning fossil fuels

During the water cycle, the sun's energy evaporates water from the surface of Earth. This water is the source of

precipitation

when water droplets get large enough they fall as _______________

precipitation

All but one of the words should be included in the water cycle. Which work should be omitted? condensation evaporation precipitation radiation

radiation

carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by the

respiration of consumers

water ________, cools and _____________ into water droplets which form _________

rises, condenses, clouds

plants lose water through small openings on their leaves called

stomata

when plants open their ____________ water vapour leaves through ___________________

stomata, transpiration

explain surface runoff

surface runoff is water from rain, snow that melted, and other sources, that flows on land surface. it is a major component of the water cycle

reservoir

surface store of water... can be either a man-made or natural lake

what factor is most important in determining whether water is a solid, liquid, or gas?

temperature

when the _________________ and ________________________ are right, the small droplets of water in clouds form larger droplets and precipitation occurs

temperature, atmospheric pressure

Once in plants and animals, explain how does nitrogen return to the atmosphere?

the decomposers break down nitrogen compounds in waste and dead organisms. doing this returns the simple nitrogen into the soil to be used by plants to make nitrates

how does the human impact of fertlizers impact the nitrogen cycle?

the unused nitrogen goes into the ocean s and rivers and makes its way into our drinking water

how do humans contribute to these excessive levels of phosphorus?

their use of fertilizers

The carbon cycle in natures way of reusing carbon atoms, which travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the earth and then back into the atmosphere over and over again. most carbon is stored in rocks and sediments, while the rest is stored in the ocean, atmosphere, and living organisms. evaluate the carbon cycle model.. predict the changes that would occur within the carbon cycle as a result of deforestation. Chose ALL that apply

there would be an increase in atmospheric carbon due to less plant respiration there would be an increase in atmospheric carbon due to decreasing photosynthesis there would be an increase in oceanic carbon due to increasing atmospheric levels

Why do plants and other photosynthetic organisms need CO2 from the atmosphere?

they need co2 and water to turn into sugar to use as food and for oxygen

groundwater moves from the ground through plants and then back into the atmosphere through the process of

transpiration

in watershed small river branches(_______________) connect to larger branches

tributaries

short term stores

vegetation, animals, organic matter in soil, carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere, top layers of ocean

what is detritus?

waste or debris of any kind

another name for this cycle is the hydrologic cycle

water

evaporation is one of the steps of this cycle

water

this cycle would not happen without heat from the sun

water cycle

runoff

water that flows over the ground into streams, rivers, or other bodies of water

Plants use both ________ and _______ to incorporate nitrogen into DNA, protein, and other molecules.

ammonia, nitrate and nitrite

watershed

an area of land where rain falls and collects in a common river

Why are excessive concentrations of phosphorus sometimes considered a pollutant?

an excess amount of phosphorus in water causes the algae to grow too fast than the ecosystem can take

stores

a place in biogeochemical cycle where nutrients are held. can be held in a store for a few days or thousands of years.

What is the greenhouse effect?

a process that happens when gases in earth's atmosphere trap the suns heat

Examine the model of the carbon cycle. Carbon is transferred from one biotic component, the cow, to a second biotic component, the decomposers. Using the model, select the one method that carbon is NOT transferred from animals to decomposers

as carbon dioxide

the phosphorus cycle is the only cycle that doesnt involve movement of nutrients into the __________________

atmosphere

examples of stores

atmosphere, ocean , sedimentary rock

which organisms act as a bridge between the nitrogen in the atmosphere and the nitrogen on land?

bacteria

Explain how nitrogen cycles through the land and ocean ecosystems

bacteria in the ocean make nitrogen into ammonium then into nitrate. it is then used by primary producers, eaten by consumers, and excreted out. the decomposers then decompose the waste. then the bacteria preforms denitrification which releases nitrogen into the air

Why are nitrogen-fixing bacteria contributions to the nitrogen cycle so important?

bacteria is present in the soil that organisms convert nitrogen into ammonia that plants can use and take

the water cycle has no _______________ or ______. Water is ______________ moving through the cycle

beginning, end, constantly

__________ processes (decomposition) and ________ processes (weathering) move nutrients in and out of __________

biotic, abiotic, stores

What role do decomposers play in the carbon cycle?

break down wastes and dead organisms

Describe the way human impact has lead to increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere.

burning fossil fuels, farming, development, releasing chemicals in the atmosphere, and reducing the amount of forest cover

explain how phosphorus travels through the cycle from rock to omnivores

by removing phosphate from rocks when it rains

how much carbon is stored in the atmosphere as co2?

0.04%

Photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O +energy------> C6H12O6 + 6O2

roughly ___ percent of the atmosphere is composed of nitrogen gas

78

_______ or _____________ heat causes water to ___________________

adding, removing, change states


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