Science test 11-5-21
Using the terms "evaporation", "condensation", and "precipitation", explain the water cycle in your own words.
During evaporation, water changes from a liquid to a gas. then condensation turns gas back into liquid. precipitation then takes water from the atmosphere to the surface.
This cycle is impacted by forest fires and deforestation
carbon
as this nutrient is stored underground for long periods of time, it can turn into coal and natural gas
carbon
plants play a role in this cycle by doing photosynthesis
carbon
this cycle is contributing to global climate change
carbon
how can carbon move from "land" to bodies of water?
carbon enters the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned. then carbon goes from the atmosphere to the oceans. bodies of water absorb some carbon from the atmosphere. carbon dissolves into water
describe one of the many paths a carbon molecule can take through the carbon cycle
carbon molecule is taken by plants through photosynthesis. then the plant's carbon molecule turns into oxygen. then an animal or primary consumer eats the plant
which parts of the water cycle represent short term stores?
clouds, plants/leaves, water on the ground(puddles), top layers of the oceans/lakes
which step involves water changing from a gas to a liquid?
condensation
Is the amount of water on Earth always changing or is it a constant amount?
constant amount
why is evaporated water so clean?
during evaporation, the impurities in the water go away
_______________ and _________ cycle through both ________ and ___________ components of ecosystems continually
elements, water, biotic, abiotic
how is cycling of nutrients different from the cycling of energy in an ecosystem?
energy is lost and replaces as it passes through an ecosystem. nutrients cycle continuously
when water is used for irrigation, only about one-half can be used again. Much of this water is lost for use on land because it _____________ back into the air.
evaporates
as water is heated it __________________ and ___________ into the atmosphere
evaporates, rises
which step involves water changing from a liquid to a gas?
evaporation and transpiration
what cause and effect prediction can be used to test the assumptions in the model?
evaporation will cause the temperature to decrease in the system
Nitrogen ________ converts _______ to ________ for organisms to use.
fixing bacteria, nitrogen gas(n2), ammonia(nh3)
since humans need nitrogen but cannot get it from the air, we instead get nitrogen from _________
food
Following the evaporation stage of the water cycle, the evaporated water...
forms cloud
explain how animals get their needed amounts of nitrogen
from eating plants or other animals that have organic molecules composed partially of nitrogen
condensation occurs when a ____ is changed into a _________. Condensation is the opposite of _________________
gas, liquid, evaporation
water may collect in ice caps, __________, bodies of water, or fall onto the ______________
glaciers, ground
runoff is affected by:
ground material, amount of rain, length of time it rains, slope of the ground, amount of vegetation, amount of development
_______ from the sun provides the ____________ needed to move water molecules through the cycle
heat, energy
watershed divides(areas of very _____ ground) separate one _________________ from another
high, drainage basin
explain why phosphates are a critical part of life
hold together rna and dna
How can human use of fossil fuels be detrimental to the enviroment?
human use of fossil fuels pollutes the environment, harming the earth, which creates greenhouse gases
___________ can impact cycles by ________ the amount of nutrients through ____________, urban expansion, ___________, and transporation- increased amounts of nutrients
humans, ___________, agriculture, mining
another name for the water cycle is the _______________ cycle
hydrologic
what are some long term stores?
ice caps/glaciers, deep ocean waters, groundwater/aquifers
balance of nutrients __ and ____ of _________
in, out, stores
explain how phosphorus runoff into oceans and lakes from farming has a negative impact on the ecosystem
it can lead to an overgrowth of producers
how is the phosphorus cycle different from other biogeochemical cycles?
it does not include a gas phase
how is nitrogen important in our lives?
it is essential for plant growth
evaporation is the process where a liquid changes from its _______ state to a _________ state
liquid, gas/vapor
long term stores
middle and deep ocean waters, coal oil and gas deposits, marine sediment and sedimentary rocks
humans impact the phosphorus cycle by ___________ and ________________________
mining, agricultural runoff
another useable form of nitrogen, NH4+ can be converted to _________________ by ___________________________ organisms to use
nitrates and nitrites, nitrifying bacteria for
Lightning combines nitrogen and oxygen in the air to form
nitric acid
ammonification is one of the steps of this cycle
nitrogen
lightning makes this nutrient usable by combining it with oxygen in the atmosphere
nitrogen
the majority of earths atmosphere is composed of gas from this cycle
nitrogen
Bacteria plants a large role in this cycle
nitrogen cycle
_______________ are used by plants and animals for ________ and other life functions
nutrients, growth
where is the majority of earth's water found?
oceans
name two carbon sinks
oceans and forests
respiration
opposite processes cycle both carbon and oxygen
The process of respiration is essential in the oxygen/carbon dioxide cycle. Respiration removes _________ from the atmosphere and produces and releases ________________ to the atmopshere
oxygen, carbon dioxide
This is the only cycle that does not involve movement of nutrients into the atmosphere
phosphorus
as rocks are broken down due to weathering they release this nutrient
phosphorus
mining increases the amount of this nutrient in the environment
phosphorus
during ____________ plants take in carbon, and during ____________ humans release carbon dioxide
photosynthesis, respiration
what are the steps of the carbon cycle?
photosynthesis, respiration, nutrition/feeding, decomposition, deposition, gas exchange, burning fossil fuels
respiration occurs in
plants and animals
What impact do humans have on the carbon cycle?
pollution by burning fossil fuels
During the water cycle, the sun's energy evaporates water from the surface of Earth. This water is the source of
precipitation
when water droplets get large enough they fall as _______________
precipitation
All but one of the words should be included in the water cycle. Which work should be omitted? condensation evaporation precipitation radiation
radiation
carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by the
respiration of consumers
water ________, cools and _____________ into water droplets which form _________
rises, condenses, clouds
plants lose water through small openings on their leaves called
stomata
when plants open their ____________ water vapour leaves through ___________________
stomata, transpiration
explain surface runoff
surface runoff is water from rain, snow that melted, and other sources, that flows on land surface. it is a major component of the water cycle
reservoir
surface store of water... can be either a man-made or natural lake
what factor is most important in determining whether water is a solid, liquid, or gas?
temperature
when the _________________ and ________________________ are right, the small droplets of water in clouds form larger droplets and precipitation occurs
temperature, atmospheric pressure
Once in plants and animals, explain how does nitrogen return to the atmosphere?
the decomposers break down nitrogen compounds in waste and dead organisms. doing this returns the simple nitrogen into the soil to be used by plants to make nitrates
how does the human impact of fertlizers impact the nitrogen cycle?
the unused nitrogen goes into the ocean s and rivers and makes its way into our drinking water
how do humans contribute to these excessive levels of phosphorus?
their use of fertilizers
The carbon cycle in natures way of reusing carbon atoms, which travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the earth and then back into the atmosphere over and over again. most carbon is stored in rocks and sediments, while the rest is stored in the ocean, atmosphere, and living organisms. evaluate the carbon cycle model.. predict the changes that would occur within the carbon cycle as a result of deforestation. Chose ALL that apply
there would be an increase in atmospheric carbon due to less plant respiration there would be an increase in atmospheric carbon due to decreasing photosynthesis there would be an increase in oceanic carbon due to increasing atmospheric levels
Why do plants and other photosynthetic organisms need CO2 from the atmosphere?
they need co2 and water to turn into sugar to use as food and for oxygen
groundwater moves from the ground through plants and then back into the atmosphere through the process of
transpiration
in watershed small river branches(_______________) connect to larger branches
tributaries
short term stores
vegetation, animals, organic matter in soil, carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere, top layers of ocean
what is detritus?
waste or debris of any kind
another name for this cycle is the hydrologic cycle
water
evaporation is one of the steps of this cycle
water
this cycle would not happen without heat from the sun
water cycle
runoff
water that flows over the ground into streams, rivers, or other bodies of water
Plants use both ________ and _______ to incorporate nitrogen into DNA, protein, and other molecules.
ammonia, nitrate and nitrite
watershed
an area of land where rain falls and collects in a common river
Why are excessive concentrations of phosphorus sometimes considered a pollutant?
an excess amount of phosphorus in water causes the algae to grow too fast than the ecosystem can take
stores
a place in biogeochemical cycle where nutrients are held. can be held in a store for a few days or thousands of years.
What is the greenhouse effect?
a process that happens when gases in earth's atmosphere trap the suns heat
Examine the model of the carbon cycle. Carbon is transferred from one biotic component, the cow, to a second biotic component, the decomposers. Using the model, select the one method that carbon is NOT transferred from animals to decomposers
as carbon dioxide
the phosphorus cycle is the only cycle that doesnt involve movement of nutrients into the __________________
atmosphere
examples of stores
atmosphere, ocean , sedimentary rock
which organisms act as a bridge between the nitrogen in the atmosphere and the nitrogen on land?
bacteria
Explain how nitrogen cycles through the land and ocean ecosystems
bacteria in the ocean make nitrogen into ammonium then into nitrate. it is then used by primary producers, eaten by consumers, and excreted out. the decomposers then decompose the waste. then the bacteria preforms denitrification which releases nitrogen into the air
Why are nitrogen-fixing bacteria contributions to the nitrogen cycle so important?
bacteria is present in the soil that organisms convert nitrogen into ammonia that plants can use and take
the water cycle has no _______________ or ______. Water is ______________ moving through the cycle
beginning, end, constantly
__________ processes (decomposition) and ________ processes (weathering) move nutrients in and out of __________
biotic, abiotic, stores
What role do decomposers play in the carbon cycle?
break down wastes and dead organisms
Describe the way human impact has lead to increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere.
burning fossil fuels, farming, development, releasing chemicals in the atmosphere, and reducing the amount of forest cover
explain how phosphorus travels through the cycle from rock to omnivores
by removing phosphate from rocks when it rains
how much carbon is stored in the atmosphere as co2?
0.04%
Photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O +energy------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
roughly ___ percent of the atmosphere is composed of nitrogen gas
78
_______ or _____________ heat causes water to ___________________
adding, removing, change states
