Search Methods

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Another member, the navigator, closely accompanies the lead

(shoulder-to shoulder)

About 10 feet (3 m) outside the entry point to the search area, the end of the search line is tied to a fixed object about

3 feet (1 m) above the floor (

At regular intervals along the search line, markers should be created in the line to indicate distance from the entrance.

A knot tied in the line works as a common marker; the knots may be tied in the line before its use to cre-ate a rope dedicated to these types of searches.

A wide-area search employs a dedicated search line, typically 200 feet (60 m) of 3⁄8-inch (10 mm) rope.

A minimum of three team members are required, although larger teams can be more effective.

any time team members move off from the search line, they must stay in voice contact with the navigator.

Because searchers are working in a much larger area, air monitoring is even more critical than in other types of searches. The navigator also regularly updates the IC, reporting on fire conditions, what the team has found, and how many knots into the building they have progressed.

They must coordinate their efforts in order to prevent confusion and avoid clustering in one section of the room. The leader may also use a

TI to orient the crews and relay more information.

he oriented-search method works as an efficient way for

a team to search a room.

the navigator directs the lead using a hand light and, if available,

a thermal imager (TI).

As the team progresses into the building, the search line flakes out behind them, and

all members maintain contact with the search line.

One or more searchers equipped with radios follow them. Each searcher carries a tether wrapped

around one wrist and a forcible entry tool in the other hand

he searchers can use the tethers to guide themselves back to the search line. When the searchers return to the search line, they

disconnect the tether and carry it with them out of the structure.

Tether lines can be attached to the search rope at regular intervals, usually corresponding with the knots tied for distance. The tethers

enable team members to search areas perpendicular to the search line. Searchers flake out the tether while moving away from the search line

Search. Finally, with the room isolated, the searcher should search the room for any victims. If victims are found, the attending firefighter may

enter and assist the searcher with rescuing the victim and should commu-nicate the victim's location to the IC. Additional personnel outside the structure will be needed to assist with removing the victim through the window (and possibly down a ladder). If no victims are found, the searcher should leave through the entry point, leaving the door closed. VEIS is not intended to be the first step in a larger structural search. It is only intended for rapid rescue of a victim(s) and the isolation of individual rooms. Once the room is isolated and the search completed, the firefighters should leave.

CAUTION: Crew integrity is key to successfully completing VEIS. Verbal or physical contact is

necessary to allow the searcher to leave through the entry point.

One team member, usually called the lead,

picks up the rope bag containing the search line and enters the search area.

VEIS is usually chosen as a rescue tactic when there is credible report of

possible victims in survivable areas of a structure.

A wide-area search method is sometimes used to conduct a

primary search of a large or complex area that is filled with smoke.

After the search is complete, the searchers return to the anchored team leader and

proceed to the next room.

VEIS should only be initiated following a 360-degree size-up of a structure. Rooms that are involved with the fire or

show indications of backdraft or flashover should not be searched using the VEIS technique.

the team leader remains anchored at the door, wall, or hoseline, while other team members

spread out through the room to complete the search

Isolate. The searching firefighter's first priority is to locate the door(s) to the room and close it. Assuming that caution was used in selecting the entry point, the searcher should have

time to find the door and close it before the fire moves toward the ventilated room. With the door closed, the room is isolated from the fire. The flow path to the fire is also closed, so the room becomes more survivable.

All members stay in constant communication with the leader and each other, and

update the leader on their progress.

Vent. From the ground or from a ladder,

vent the window that will provide entry and egress for victims. If the window is on the ground floor, open or remove the window from the side rather than standing directly in front of the window. After venting the window, observe the smoke behavior in the room and/or use a thermal imager to gauge the survivability of the room's environment. Remember, temperatures at or above 162 degrees F (72 degrees C) are high enough to burn human skin and are unlikely to be survivable for unprotected victims.

VEIS, which stands for

vent, enter, isolate, and search, is a search technique intended to provide rapid search of individual rooms that can be accessed from the exterior, usually through a window.

Only areas that appear to be survivable and unlikely to have fire extension when ventilated should be searched using the technique. Remember,

ventilating the structure introduces new oxygen. Fires need oxygen and will move toward new sources in ventilation-limited environments.

Enter. The search firefighter enters the room while the attending firefighter stays at the point of entry. The attending firefighter should maintain

verbal communication with the searcher and be prepared to guide the searcher back to the entry point. If a TI is available, the attending firefighter may use it to provide additional in-formation about the room to the searcher.

A tag indicating the unit or company designation is left at that point. An attendant is sometimes stationed at the entry point to maintain communication

with the team and monitor their air management.


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