Cellular Regulation--Pearson Module 2
A nurse in a clinic is talking with a client scheduled for a sentinel lymph node biopsy. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A. Dye is used during the procedure B. The lymph nodes closest to the tumor are removed during the biopsy C. A small amount of chemotherapy is used to test the lymph node response D. A 2 mm plug of tissue is removed during the biopsy
A
A nurse is caring for a client who has cancer and has a prescription for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain management. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Remove hair before applying the electrodes from the tens unit on the skin B. Apply alcohol to the client skin before attaching the electrodes from the tens unit C. Attach the electrodes from the tens unit over painful incisions or skin damage D. Avoid other pain medication's when using the tens unit
A
A nurse is caring for a client who will undergo a neurolytic ablation. The client asked the nurse the reason for this procedure. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. It should provide permanent pain relief B. It reduces the adverse effects of your pain medication C. It increases your ability to fight infections D. It increases cells that stop bleeding
A
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a platelet count of 10,000/mm3. Which of the following intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care? A. Apply prolonged pressure to puncture site after blood sampling B. Administer epoetin Alfa as prescribed C. Place the client in a private room D. Have the client use an oral topical anesthetic before meals
A
A nurse is planning care for a client who is scheduled for genetic testing for suspected cancer. Which of the following intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care? A. Determine the need for informed consent B. Send testing results to the clients insurance agency C. Verify the prescription for a tumor marker assay D. Ensure the client is placed in a recovery position after testing
A
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has had surgery to stage ovarian cancer. The nurse reviewed the following diagnostic notation on the pathology report: T2-N3-MX. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a supporting diagnosis? A. The tumor is moderate in size B. No lymph nodes contain cancer cells C. The tumor is receptive to current medication therapy D. The cancer has metastasized to other areas in the body
A
A nurse is caring for a client who has cervical cancer and is scheduled for brachytherapy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply A. Permit visitors to stay with the client 30 minutes at a time B. Warn pregnant individuals to visit the room only once daily C. Wear a dosimeter when in the clients room D. Place soiled dressings in a biohazard bag before discarding in the regular trash E. Dispose soiled linens in the hamper outside the clients room
A B C
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic cancer pain and has a permanent epidural catheter for administration of fentanyl/bupivacaine solution. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings? Select all that apply A. Respiratory depression B. Hypotension C. Sedation D. Muscle spasticity E. Sensory blockage
A B C E
A nurse is planning care for a client who has mound nutrition due to cancer. Which of the following intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care? Select all that apply. A. Advise the client to keep a food diary B. Encourage the client to brush teeth before and after meals C. Assess the laboratory report of ferritin D. Eat nutrient dense foods last at meal time E. Encourage the client to limit drinking fluids during meals
A B C E
A nurse is caring for a client who has lung cancer and is exhibiting manifestations of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? Select all that apply. A. Behavioral changes B. Client report of headache C. Urine output 40mL/hour D. Client report of nausea E. Increased urine specific gravity
A B D
The nurse cares for patients in the college campus clinic. Which patient should the nurse counsel as having a higher risk for breast cancer based on nonmodifiable risk factors? A 26-year-old woman who has been using oral contraceptives since age 14 A 22-year-old woman who began menstruating at age 13 A 24-year-old woman with a mother diagnosed with breast cancer A 21-year-old woman with a body mass index of 32
A 24-year-old woman with a mother diagnosed with breast cancer
he nurse manager is making assignments for the nurses on the unit. Which patient should not be assigned to a pregnant nurse? A patient with cancer-related nausea and vomiting A patient with a white blood cell count of 0.5 cells/mm3 A patient receiving blood transfusions for anemia A patient requiring chemotherapy administration
A patient requiring chemotherapy administration
The nurse is working with an older adult patient who is scheduled for a lung biopsy for a possible diagnosis of cancer. The patient is upset and asks the nurse for an explanation of the procedure. Which is the nurse's best response? "A tissue sample will be taken during the biopsy to look for cancer cells in the lung tissue." "Everything will be okay. They have different treatment modalities for lung cancer." "This treatment is necessary to determine the location of the cancerous tumor." "You sound concerned about this procedure. What questions do you have?"
"A tissue sample will be taken during the biopsy to look for cancer cells in the lung tissue."
A 42-year-old man has begun pharmacologic treatment for cancer. He returns with a chief complaint of lack of appetite and constant nausea. Which response by the nurse is best? "Ask your healthcare provider to change your chemotherapeutic regimen to a drug that does not have any specific side effects." "Many of the side effects from chemotherapy can be difficult to manage. Would you feel comfortable talking to a psychiatrist?" "The side effects will get worse before they get better. You will have other side effects such as hair and weight loss." "All chemotherapeutic agents have side effects because they kill normal cells along with the cancer cells. Let's talk about ways to make you feel better."
"All chemotherapeutic agents have side effects because they kill normal cells along with the cancer cells. Let's talk about ways to make you feel better."
A patient diagnosed with lung cancer is receiving a diagnostic workup to help in the process of planning her treatment. As the nurse prepares to perform venipuncture for additional diagnostic testing, the patient states, "They already know that I have cancer. Why do they have to continue to run blood tests?" Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? "Getting these blood tests will help determine what type of tumor is in your lung, and that will help determine the best treatment plan." "Although it may seem excessive, getting more information about your blood count, electrolytes, and how your liver is working will help the team identify the best treatment plan for you." "We need to determine if your body can handle the chemotherapy, because it is broken down by the liver and excreted by the kidneys." "The blood tests will tell us if the cancer cells have spread to your blood and perhaps throughout your body. That information will help determine treatment."
"Although it may seem excessive, getting more information about your blood count, electrolytes, and how your liver is working will help the team identify the best treatment plan for you."
The nurse is reviewing with a colleague the hematologic alterations that occur in cancer. Which statement by the nurse reflects the impact of these alterations in renal cell carcinoma? "The renal cell carcinoma alters glucose metabolism, increasing serum glucose levels." "Detoxification, synthesis of plasma proteins, and immunologic functions are disrupted by renal cell carcinomas." "An excessively large number of red blood cells are produced and dumped into the bloodstream due to the production of erythropoietin by the renal cell carcinoma." "Renal cell carcinomas disrupt the absorption of vitamin B12 and iron, resulting in hematologic alterations."
"An excessively large number of red blood cells are produced and dumped into the bloodstream due to the production of erythropoietin by the renal cell carcinoma."
The nurse is completing an assessment on a patient recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Which question would best help to elicit information about a possible risk factor for breast cancer? "Do you have a significant other to help care for you?" "Do you have diabetes or heart disease?" "At what age did you begin having periods?" "Have you had diagnostic testing for breast cancer previously?"
"At what age did you begin having periods?"
The spouse of a patient with cancer asks the nurse what it means when chemotherapy medications are referred to as cytotoxic. What is the best response by the nurse? "Chemotherapy medications attack specific types of cancer, preventing mitosis of other cancerous cells." "Chemotherapy medications are expected to treat cancer 100% of the time." "Chemotherapy medications attack both cancerous and normal cells as they grow." "Chemotherapy medications are a combination of medication and implantable devices."
"Chemotherapy medications attack both cancerous and normal cells as they grow."
A patient asks the nurse why surgery is necessary for his cancer when his cousin had the same cancer and did not need surgery. Which statement indicates the best nursing response? "Your healthcare provider made the best decision based on your test results. I would trust this treatment plan." "It sounds like you are unhappy. You should get a second opinion if your healthcare provider is recommending surgery." "Are you sure you heard your healthcare provider correctly? I would ask your provider to explain it again to you." "Each person's cancer is treated differently. Your cousin may have had a less extensive form of cancer than you."
"Each person's cancer is treated differently. Your cousin may have had a less extensive form of cancer than you."
The nurse is providing cancer prevention education to a community group. When describing healthy lifestyle choices that may help prevent cancer, which statement by the nurse is most appropriate? "Smoking is acceptable in moderation." "Tanning beds are a better option over the UV rays of the sun." "Drinking small amounts of wine can build the immune system and ward off cancer." "Exercising regularly can promote immune system function."
"Exercising regularly can promote immune system function."
A patient tells the nurse, "The skin on my right breast is puckered up and looks like an orange peel." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? "Have you used a new lotion recently?" "Do you have a history of skin problems?" "Have you discussed these findings with your healthcare provider?" "When was your last mammogram?"
"Have you discussed these findings with your healthcare provider?"
The nurse is caring for a patient who just received biopsy results from her healthcare provider. The patient asks, "What does hyperplasia mean?" Which response by the nurse is accurate? "Hyperplasia means that the cells are abnormal in shape and size." "Hyperplasia means that the cells are normal but not in a normal location." "Hyperplasia means that the cells are more sensitive to the environment." "Hyperplasia means that there is an increase in the number or the density of normal cells."
"Hyperplasia means that there is an increase in the number or the density of normal cells."
The nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a patient recovering from a mastectomy for breast cancer. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been successful? "I should avoid using the arm on the surgical side if possible for a while." "I will be certain to not lift my arms over my head." "I am going to see when the support group meetings are so I can attend them." "To improve my stamina, I will plan on trying not to sit down too much during the day."
"I am going to see when the support group meetings are so I can attend them."
The nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a patient recovering from a mastectomy for breast cancer. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been successful? "To improve my stamina, I will plan on trying not to sit down too much during the day." "I am going to see when the support group meetings are so I can attend them." "I will be certain to not lift my arms over my head." "I should avoid using the arm on the surgical side if possible for a while."
"I am going to see when the support group meetings are so I can attend them."
While teaching a community-based wellness class about breast health to young women, a participant asks, "What is the most common type of breast cancer?" Which response by the nurse provides the accurate information? "Currently, there really is no one major type; many types are being seen." "Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer." "It is hard to say, because cancer classification systems vary in the terminology that they use." "Inflammatory carcinoma and infiltrating ductal carcinoma occur with similar frequency."
"Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer."
A patient with inflammatory carcinoma of the breast asks about the prognosis because information on the Internet is frightening. Which response by the nurse provides accurate information concerning this type of breast cancer? "It is an atypical type of breast cancer and is systemic in nature." "It is the most common of the breast cancers but difficult to treat." "It is a rare type of cancer and involves infiltration of the skin around the nipple." "It is a cancer that infiltrates the ducts of the breast."
"It is an atypical type of breast cancer and is systemic in nature."
A patient recovering from a left modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer reports the incision as being red and feeling hard when light pressure is applied around the site. How should the nurse respond to this information? "Some redness and hardness around the site is to be expected for a few days after surgery." "It sounds like you might have an infection. Let's get you in to see the healthcare provider." "As long as there is no drainage, you do not need to be concerned; just keep an eye on it." "You probably need to increase your water intake and make sure you are keeping your torso elevated."
"It sounds like you might have an infection. Let's get you in to see the healthcare provider."
A patent has a high risk for breast cancer based upon genetic testing. Which recommendation related to alcohol use should the nurse include when teaching on ways to prevent the development of breast cancer? "Limit alcohol intake to a maximum of one drink per day." "Alcohol use is okay as long as it is limited to wine or beer." "Alcohol intake should not exceed more than 8-10 drinks per week." "Any alcohol use increases risk. Thus, you should not drink at all."
"Limit alcohol intake to a maximum of one drink per day."
The patient asks the nurse to explain how his malignancy is growing so rapidly. Which response by the nurse is accurate? "A malignant tumor's food source is located in the sternum, producing rapid cell growth." "Malignant tumors contain blueprints that produce regular cell mitosis." "Malignant tumors adhere to the normal process of cell reproduction." "Malignant tumor cells reproduce faster than normal cells."
"Malignant tumor cells reproduce faster than normal cells."
The nurse has instructed a patient recovering from a left radical mastectomy to prop the left arm up on pillows with the hand higher than the elbow and to report any signs of infection to the healthcare provider. Which other discharge instruction should the nurse provide to this patient? "Be sure to use lotion on the right side." "Wear your watch on your left arm." "Avoid using hot water on the right side." "Perform range-of-motion exercises to the left arm as reviewed."
"Perform range-of-motion exercises to the left arm as reviewed."
A patient asks what can be done to detect breast cancer in the early stages. Which response by the nurse is best? "Mammograms are the only way to detect breast cancer early." "Performing monthly breast self-examinations in the first step." "Having an annual examination is the best approach to detect breast cancer in the early stages." "There is no way to detect breast cancer in the early stages."
"Performing monthly breast self-examinations in the first step."
A patient scheduled for a mastectomy asks the nurse, "Why do I need to have radiation before surgery if the doctor is just going to cut out the tumor?" Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? "Radiation will help to prevent infection after surgery." "Radiation will decrease the amount of pain that you will have after your surgery." "If the radiation works, you may not need to have the surgery." "Radiation can be used before surgery to shrink large tumors."
"Radiation can be used before surgery to shrink large tumors."
A patient states, "I will no longer be a woman," after learning of the need for a mastectomy to treat breast cancer. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? "You do not want your cancer to spread, do you?" "Tell me more about your feelings." "They are doing wonderful things with plastic surgery these days." "Do you want to talk with the priest?"
"Tell me more about your feelings."
The family of a patient with lung cancer asks why their mother seems to be wasting away despite their efforts to make sure she eats and uses supplements. Which answer by the nurse best addresses this question? "Tumors need purines and folates. They accumulate and store these substances, robbing the body of them and resulting in the patient's appearing to waste away." "The cancer cells divert nutrition for their own use, and the tumor secretes substances that alter the taste and smell of foods." "The backup of fluid and increased pressure in the hepatic system causes the patient to feel full, resulting in wasting." "A direct relationship has not been found, but it is believed that cancer keeps the normal cells from using nutrients appropriately."
"The cancer cells divert nutrition for their own use, and the tumor secretes substances that alter the taste and smell of foods."
The nurse discusses the pathophysiological processes behind the development of breast cancer with a colleague. Which statement by the nurse best explains the pathophysiology behind the development of breast cancer? "The BRCA4 gene is one of the genes believed to cause breast cancer." "Most commonly, the underlying pathophysiological change is inflammation." "Abnormal cells grow without the influence of hormonal regulation." "The majority of breast cancers are adenocarcinomas that begin in the breast ductal tissue."
"The majority of breast cancers are adenocarcinomas that begin in the breast ductal tissue."
The nurse discusses the pathophysiological processes behind the development of breast cancer with a colleague. Which statement by the nurse best explains the pathophysiology behind the development of breast cancer? "The majority of breast cancers are adenocarcinomas that begin in the breast ductal tissue." "The BRCA4 gene is one of the genes believed to cause breast cancer." "Most commonly, the underlying pathophysiological change is inflammation." "Abnormal cells grow without the influence of hormonal regulation."
"The majority of breast cancers are adenocarcinomas that begin in the breast ductal tissue."
The nurse asks a new graduate to explain the primary cause of anemia related to sickle cell disease (SCD). Which response by the new graduate is most accurate? "The primary cause of anemia related to SCD is due to the sickling of red blood cells." "The primary cause of anemia related to SCD is the early destruction of red blood cells." "The primary cause of anemia related to SCD is the deformity of red blood cells." "The primary cause of anemia related to SCD is the deoxygenation of affected red blood cells."
"The primary cause of anemia related to SCD is the early destruction of red blood cells."
The nurse is teaching the family of a 7-year-old child about posthospitalization care for initiation of cancer treatment for a brain tumor. Which statement by the family indicates a need for further teaching concerning ongoing care needs? "We should use a new toothbrush every 3 months." "We should use a soft cloth with toothpaste if the gums are bleeding." "It is ok to use lip balm and sugarless gum when needed for dry mouth and lips." "If the gums are bleeding, we can use a chlorhexidine mouthwash to help."
"We should use a new toothbrush every 3 months."
A 45-year-old woman has a family history of breast cancer. She had a baseline mammogram at age 40 years and continues to get one every year. Mammography reports have all had negative findings. She is physically active. She has had no children. She does not smoke, but reports drinking 2 to 3 glasses of red wine most days. She is in the clinic for her annual visit and asks the nurse what she can do to minimize her risk for breast cancer. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? "You need to lose weight. Being overweight is a risk factor for developing breast cancer." "Consider having children. Having no children is a modifiable risk factor." "You have a family history, so getting the mammogram is the best thing." "You are active, which is helpful, but you could cut your consumption of alcohol to 1 drink per day."
"You are active, which is helpful, but you could cut your consumption of alcohol to 1 drink per day."
The nurse is completing discharge teaching, postmastectomy, for a breast cancer patient who will receive radiation. The patient states, "Now I've lost my breast and next will be my hair." Which response by the nurse would be most therapeutic? "Many patients adapt very quickly to the hair loss and some do not even wear a wig." "You have dealt with a lot of changes. Would you like to discuss ways to reduce potential hair loss?" "This will be your last hurdle, and then you are on your way to being cancer free." "Yes, you will lose your hair but it will eventually grow back and in the meantime you can wear a wig."
"You have dealt with a lot of changes. Would you like to discuss ways to reduce potential hair loss?"
According to the American Cancer Society, how many people in the United States experienced some form of cancer in 2016? 800,000 people 1.2 million people 2.0 million people 1.6 million people
1.6 million people
Oncogenes are one of the several theories associated with how cancer begins. Which definition best defines oncogenes? Abnormal genes that decrease the body's ability to produce carcinogenic agents Suppression of cells that produce enhanced parent cell growth Mutation of cells that triggers DNA and RNA synthesis Abnormal genes that trigger multiplication of cells
Abnormal genes that trigger multiplication of cells
A patient recently diagnosed with cancer just arrived from another country and has few resources for support in the community. Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for the patient? (NANDA-I © 2014) Body Image, Disturbed Anxiety Injury, Risk for Nutrition, Imbalanced: Less than Body Requirements
Anxiety
The nurse is providing care to a patient recovering from a radical mastectomy. Which intervention should the nurse include in plan of care to help prevent infection? Abduct and elevate the affected arm higher than the elbow. Assess the drainage system; note the color and amount of drainage. Assess surgical dressings once per shift for bleeding, drainage, color, and odor. Use sterile technique to change dressings and IV tubing.
Assess the drainage system; note the color and amount of drainage.
A nurse is teaching a client who is scheduled for a nuclear imaging for a suspected cancer. Which of the following statements should the nurse give? A. The presence of a liver enzyme will be identified B. You will be given an injection of radioactive substance C. An endoscope will be inserted through your mouth D. The tumor will be aspirated
B
A nurse is collecting information from a client in a provider's office. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of possible cancer? Select all that apply A. Temperature 102°F for more than 48 hours B. Sore that does not heal C. Difficulty swallowing D. Unusual discharge E. Weight gain 4 pounds in two weeks
B C D E
A nurse is planning care for a client who is undergoing chemotherapy and is on neutropenic precautions. Which of the following intervention should be included in the plan of care? A. Encourage a high fiber diet B. Eliminate standing water in the room C. Have the client wear a mask when leaving the room D. Have client specific equipment remain in the room E. Eliminate raw foods from the clients diet
B C D E
A 42-year-old mother of two teenage girls is diagnosed with breast cancer. She is terrified her daughters will develop the disease. Which test should the nurse suggest the patient undergo for determining the possibility of passing the breast cancer gene on to her daughters? Mammography Breast self-examination Papanicolaou (Pap) BRCA
BRCA
A 42-year-old patient has returned to the oncology clinic after having a prostate ultrasound. If the results are positive for finding a mass, which other diagnostic test should the nurse expect to be planned? Biopsy Nuclear imaging X-rays Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Biopsy
Which diagnostic test would the nurse expect the patient to undergo to confirm the diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia? Urinalysis Complete blood count Bone marrow aspiration Computerized tomography (CT scan)
Bone marrow aspiration
Which assessment should the nurse include when performing a physical assessment of a patient newly diagnosed with lung cancer? Skin color Urinary output Peripheral pulses Breath sounds
Breath sounds
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy and has mucositis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Use a glycerin soaked swab to clean the clients teeth B. Encourage increased intake of citrus fruit juices C. Obtain a culture of the lesions D. Provide an alcohol-based mouthwash for oral hygiene
C
A nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing chemotherapy and reports severe nausea. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A. Your nausea will lessen with each course of chemotherapy B. Hot food is better tolerated due to the aroma C. Try eating several small meals throughout the day D. Increase your intake of red meat as tolerated
C
A nurse is providing teaching about colon cancer to a group of females 45 to 65 years of age. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Colonoscopies for individuals with no family history of cancer should begin at age 40 B. A sigmoidoscopy is recommended every five years beginning at age 60 C. Fecal occult blood test should be done annually beginning at age 50 D. An MRI provides a definitive diagnosis of colon cancer
C
A nurse is teaching a client about screening prevention for cancer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. I will need to have a mammogram every two years beginning at age 45 B. I should have a colonoscopy every 15 years beginning at age 60 C. I will need to have an annual breast examination every year after 40 D. I should have a fecal occult test done every three years
C
The nurse schedules education sessions for college students on actions to take for early detection of breast cancer. Which instruction should the nurse include? Begin mammograms at age 30. Conduct monthly self-examination of the breasts. Limit oral contraceptive use as is possible. Visit the healthcare provider twice per year for manual breast exams.
Conduct monthly self-examination of the breasts.
A breast cancer support group asks the nurse to present information on current treatment options for breast cancer. Which information should the nurse include in the presentation concerning the primary treatment option for breast cancer? Hormone therapy combined with chemotherapy and surgery only if necessary Radiation therapy followed by intensive chemotherapy Conservative surgery combined with radiation, hormone therapy, or chemotherapy Initial lumpectomy followed by chemotherapy and additional surgery if needed
Conservative surgery combined with radiation, hormone therapy, or chemotherapy
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for gabapentin for neuropathy pain. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication? A. Constipation B. Urinary retention C. Insomnia D. Dizziness
D
A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client who has leukemia and has developed thrombocytopenia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Instruct the client to take rest periods throughout the day B. Encourage the client to reposition in bed every two hours C. Check temperature every four hours D. Monitor platelet counts
D
A nurse is teaching a client who is scheduled for a shave biopsy for suspected cancer. Which of the following client statements indicates understanding of the procedure? A. A test of my bone marrow will be performed B. A lymph node will be removed C. A needle will be inserted into the mass D. A small skin sample will be obtained
D
The nurse is performing cancer screenings at a community center. Which finding would indicate a need for follow-up with a healthcare provider? Nasal congestion Menstrual cramps Difficulty sleeping Dark, tarry stools
Dark, tarry stools
The nurse is providing care to a 15-year old patient who has been diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The parents are upset because they want to spend as much time as possible with their son, but he just wants to spend time with his friends. How might the nurse best support the family's needs at this time? Encourage the parents to share with their son how upset they are with him so as to discourage him from spending so much time with friends. Listen to the parents' frustrations by allowing them to vent, but tell them they must resolve the issue on their own. Discuss with the parent that a teenager needs to maintain contact with peers even though it may be difficult for them to understand. Discuss with the parents that they should speak with their son's friends about minimizing the number of interactions with their son.
Discuss with the parent that a teenager needs to maintain contact with peers even though it may be difficult for them to understand.
The nurse is reviewing the assessment data for a patient admitted with suspected gastrointestinal cancer. Which assessment data should the nurse recognize as an indicator of a higher risk for cancer for this patient? Family history of gastric cancer Body mass index (BMI) of 20.5 Diet high in fruits and vegetables Age: 26 years old
Family history of gastric cancer
The nurse is caring for an older adult patient diagnosed with cancer. The nurse understands that the overall health of this patient correlates most accurately with which factor? Current medication use Lifestyle behaviors Functional age Actual age
Functional age
The nurse is completing an assessment on an older adult patient who is newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Which factors should the nurse initially assess to develop an appropriate treatment approach? Functional level and overall health status Spiritual and religious beliefs Availability of supplementary insurance and caregiver support History of the current problem and living environment
Functional level and overall health status
A patient whose mother and sister have been recently diagnosed with breast cancer is scheduled for genetic testing. Which genetic test result indicates a fivefold increase in the risk for breast cancer? Mutation of the PALB2 gene Changes and mutations in the SRY gene Presence of HER2 Harmful mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 suppression
Harmful mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 suppression
The nurse is obtaining a health history from an patient at a community health clinic. Which item places this patient at a higher risk of developing cancer? Avoids eating red meat and saturated fat Has no health insurance Exercises to reduce stress Has a body mass index of 19
Has no health insurance
The nurse prepares an educational program on breast cancer for a community health fair. Which modifiable risk factor should the nurse include as being associated with the development of breast cancer? Menstruation before the age of 12 years Hormone replacement therapy for more than 5 years Having more than one child Breastfeeding
Hormone replacement therapy for more than 5 years
An older Hispanic patient has received treatment for lung cancer for several months. As the nurse administers a prescribed analgesic for her, she says, "At home, when I have pain, I just want my daughter to give me my pain pill. However, instead, she insists that I change my position and offers me magazines. How can that help?" What is the appropriate rationale for the nurse's response to the patient? Implementing comfort measures can provide adjunctive relief so the pain medication will be more effective or provide comfort until the medication takes effect. Experiencing guilt and anxiety associated with her mother's illness, the daughter responds in an overly attentive manner in an attempt to meet her needs and those of her mother. Using adjunctive therapy to manage pain may allow the reduction of the dosage or frequency of analgesics, which is especially important so that addiction does not occur. Nurturing is a component of Hispanic culture, and the patient's daughter is in a role reversal situation.
Implementing comfort measures can provide adjunctive relief so the pain medication will be more effective or provide comfort until the medication takes effect.
The nurse is creating a presentation for local policymakers about the relationship between poverty and development of cancer. Which action would the nurse encourage the policymakers to do to best address a major factor contributing to cancer in those experiencing poverty?Create programs to address recreational drug use. Improve access to affordable housing. Increase availability of preventive screenings and counseling. Increase access to educational offerings about healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Increase availability of preventive screenings and counseling.
A patient recovering from a lumpectomy for breast cancer is refusing trastuzumab because of not wanting to have chemotherapy. Which teaching should the nurse include about this medication? It is the drug of choice to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal patients. It is considered a mild chemotherapeutic agent. It is used to reduce production of estrogen. It is used to counteract specific genetic mutations that promote cancer growth.
It is used to counteract specific genetic mutations that promote cancer growth.
A patient reports having a nontender lump in the left breast, accompanied by a burning sensation, slight nipple discharge, and irritation and scaliness of the nipple along with a 100°F fever for the past week or two. Which manifestation should the nurse identify as least likely to be associated with breast cancer? Burning sensation Low-grade fever Nipple discharge Scaliness of the skin
Low-grade fever
The nurse is completing a health history for a young patient. Which risk factor should the nurse consider that would increase the risk of breast cancer in a woman under the age of 45 years? Presence of comorbid conditions Mother diagnosed with ovarian cancer at age 72 Appearance of nondense breast tissue in a mammogram Male relative with breast cancer
Male relative with breast cancer
A patient tells the nurse that his healthcare provider informed him that cells in his liver have invaded and destroyed the surrounding tissue. Based on this description, which type of neoplasm does the patient have? Encapsulated Local Malignant Cohesive
Malignant
The nurse notes that a patient has found a lump in the right breast. Which diagnostic test should the nurse expect to be prescribed? Biopsy Mammogram Breast ultrasound X-ray
Mammogram
Which information should the nurse provide the patient undergoing cancer treatment regarding ways to obtain rest? Acupuncture Exercise Meditation Herbal supplements
Meditation
The nurse is completing an assessment of a patient recently diagnosed with lung cancer. Which symptoms should indicate to the nurse that the cancer has potentially metastasized? Chest pain, hoarseness Nausea, jaundice, increased abdominal girth Persistent cough, shortness of breath, bloody phlegm Sudden weight loss, weakness
Nausea, jaundice, increased abdominal girth
A patient being discharged after initiation of treatment for lung cancer reports pain as currently at a 2 on a 10-point scale. The patient's dietary intake is adequate, and the patient reports that nausea is minimal. Vital signs include a BP of 126/82 mmHg, respirations 22 breaths/min, and temperature of 98.2o F. No current signs and symptoms of infection are present. Which information would be important for the nurse to include in patient and family teaching before discharge to achieve expected outcomes? Need to limit activities to only those necessary to complete activities of daily living Need to be more aggressive with pain management due to patient's continued pain Need to continue to monitor for risk of infection due to myelosuppression Need to monitor for signs and symptoms of hypertension
Need to continue to monitor for risk of infection due to myelosuppression
Which cancer risk factors are most directly impacted by exercise? Age, gender Tobacco use, alcohol use Diet, stress Obesity, infection
Obesity, infection
The nurse is caring for a patient whose tumor is compressing a nerve. The nurse anticipates that the patient is most likely experiencing which side effect? Pain Impaired tissue integrity Anorexia-cachexia syndrome Infection
Pain
The nurse is caring for a patient with cancer. The patient has displayed uneasiness related to his poor prognosis and states a desire for relief from physical discomfort. Radiation therapy is ordered to reduce the patient's pain. The nurse understands that the radiation therapy is being used in what way for the patient? Brachytherapy Subcutaneously External-beam radiation Palliation
Palliation
The nurse is providing teaching to a 30-year-old female patient during a well visit. Which cancer screening recommendation should the nurse suggest to the patient? Lung cancer screening every 10 years Annual fecal occult blood test starting this year Pap smear every 3-5 years Annual mammography starting this year
Pap smear every 3-5 years
For which clinical manifestation should the nurse assess when examining a patient with possible lung cancer? A lesion that will not heal New onset of constipation Persistent hoarseness Unusual bleeding or discharge
Persistent hoarseness
The nurse assesses the skin of a patient who received chemotherapy a week ago and notices pinpoint hemorrhages and ecchymoses to the extremities. Which laboratory value should the nurse assess? Potassium Platelet count White blood cell count Phosphorus
Platelet count
A patient with a suspicious lump in the breast is scheduled for a diagnostic mammogram. When explaining this test to the patient, which finding should the nurse state that the test will help confirm? Confirmation of a cystic mass or fibrocystic changes Distinction between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid lesion Confirmation of cancerous changes Presence of cysts or masses
Presence of cysts or masses
The nurse is discussing breast cancer risks with a 25-year-old patient. Which finding should the nurse recognize as increasing the risk of developing breast cancer? History of radiation therapy to the chest as a young child Changes in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene Presence of dense breast tissue in a mammogram Close relative with breast cancer
Presence of dense breast tissue in a mammogram
Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care for a patient with a nursing diagnosis of Activity Intolerance? Wear shoes or nonskid socks. Remove cords and throw rugs. Provide frequent rest periods. Turn and reposition every 2 hours.
Provide frequent rest periods.
The nurse observes a patient diagnosed with breast cancer being upset and crying. The patient states that she is going through this treatment alone and has no help. Which nursing intervention would be best? Providing information regarding support groups and community resources Talking to the healthcare provider regarding an antidepressant Sharing pamphlets and reading materials regarding the disease Giving information about home health services
Providing information regarding support groups and community resources
Which issues concerning interventions and therapies in a pediatric cancer population are based on the child's age? Psychosocial needs Cancer survival Oncologic emergencies Alopecia
Psychosocial needs
A 50-year-old patient who has been taking hormone replacement for 3 years reports that a younger sister has been diagnosed with breast cancer. Which recommendation should the nurse suggest to help prevent the development of breast cancer? Complete self-breast exams twice a month. Monitor for signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer. Increase mammogram screenings to every year. Remain on hormone replacement therapy no more than 5 years.
Remain on hormone replacement therapy no more than 5 years.
The nurse is teaching a group of young adults about dietary habits that can help decrease the risk of developing cancer. Which information should the nurse include related to fried foods and cancer risk? Fried foods are high in sodium, increasing cancer risk. Sex hormone-dependent tumors are correlated with the ingestion of fried foods. Fried foods have nitrosamines, which are genotoxic, increasing cancer risk. Repeated use of fat to fry food at high temperatures produces polycyclic hydrocarbons, increasing cancer risk.
Repeated use of fat to fry food at high temperatures produces polycyclic hydrocarbons, increasing cancer risk.
A patient is scheduled for surgery to remove a breast tumor and the surrounding margin of breast tissue. For which surgical intervention should the nurse provide teaching material to this patient? Radical mastectomy Simple mastectomy Modified radical mastectomy Segmental mastectomy
Segmental mastectomy
The nurse is teaching a patient about cancer prevention. Which modifiable risk factor should the nurse include? Socioeconomic status Family history Age Smoking cessation
Smoking cessation
A patient with breast cancer is prescribed tamoxifen. Which information should the nurse include when teaching the patient about this medication? Tamoxifen can be used in female breast cancer patients only. Tamoxifen is used to treat advanced breast cancer. Tamoxifen has other off-label uses not associated with the treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen is least effective in the treatment of male breast cancer.
Tamoxifen is used to treat advanced breast cancer.
A hospitalized patient with cancer receives combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy. During the planning phase of the nursing process, which patient goal will help address the patient's complaints of nausea and vomiting? The patient will ingest large, frequent meals. The patient will eat cold foods. The patient will avoid nutritional supplements. The patient will utilize antiemetics.
The patient will utilize antiemetics.
The nurse is planning a smoking cessation teaching session for a group of patients scheduled for discharge soon. What should the nurse include regarding the importance of smoking cessation and lung cancer Genetic factors play a larger role in the development of lung cancer than tobacco use. There is little benefit to quitting smoking after the age of 50. Former smokers are at the same risk of developing lung cancer as the general population. Those who quit smoking before age 40 reduce their risk of developing lung cancer by 90% compared with those who continue smoking.
Those who quit smoking before age 40 reduce their risk of developing lung cancer by 90% compared with those who continue smoking.
A patient with cervical cancer tells the nurse that she has been told that she has a tumor in situ with no abnormal regional nodes and no metastasis. According to the TNM Staging System, how would this be staged?Tis N0 M0 T2 N0 M1 T1 N1a M1 T0 Nx M0
Tis N0 M0
The nurse notes that the tumor for a patient with breast cancer is staged according to the TNM Staging System as Tis, N1a, M0. How should the nurse describe this patient's cancer? Tumor in situ, regional nodes cannot be assessed clinically, distant nodes involved No evidence of primary tumor, no abnormal regional nodes, no evidence of distant metastasis Tumor in situ, regional nodes involved-no metastasis, no evidence of distant metastasis Tumor spreading into nearby tissues, regional nodes involved-metastasis suspected, evidence of distant metastasis
Tumor in situ, regional nodes involved-no metastasis, no evidence of distant metastasis
The nurse is working with a young female patient who has a Pap smear report that indicates cervical dysplasia. Which instruction should the nurse include in teaching the patient how to prevent a recurrence of cervical dysplasia? Use barrier contraception. Limit alcohol intake. Inform all sexual partners. Refrain from cigarette smoking.
Use barrier contraception.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has stomatitis, nausea, and a poor appetite as a result of chemotherapy. Which collaborative nursing action is warranted in the care of the patient? Providing highly seasoned foods to make them more palatable Administering antianemic medications Weekly laboratory studies of serum electrolytes Measuring height and weight
Weekly laboratory studies of serum electrolytes
