Security Awareness Chapter 4

Extension that prevents any textual or video ads from appearing while a user is online.

Ad blocker

A category of tools that add functionality to the entire web browser and not just to a single webpage.

Add-ons

A list of senders from whom the user does not want to receive any email. Also known as a block sender list.

Blacklist

A file in which a web server can store user-specific information and save it on the user's local computer and then retrieve it for a future visit.

Cookie

An extension that gives the user the ability to decide if they want to accept or block any third-party cookies as sites attempt to create them on the user's computer.

Cookie stopper

a user's computer becoming infected just from viewing a website.

Drive-By Download

Links contained within the body of an email message as a shortcut to a website.

Embedded hyperlink

Expand the normal capabilities of a web browser for a specific webpage. These are browser dependent

Extensions

Programming language that is used by web site developers to specify how a web browser displays information on a web page.

Hypertext Markup Language

Set of rules/protocols/standards used to govern how web servers distribute their pages over the web. A subset of TCP/IP.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

An HTML element that allows for one HTML document to be embedded inside the main document. often prefaced by 'zero pixel'.

IFrame

Unsolicited email that uses graphical images of text in order to circumvent text-based filters.

Image Spam

A global network that allows devices connected to it to exchange information.

Internet

A more recent and advanced electronic email system where email remains on the email server and is not automatically downloaded to the user's computer.

Internet Mail Access Protocol

A separate program created by Java that is stored on the web server and then downloaded onto the user's computer along with the HTML code. It can be used to perform a variety of functions.

Java applet

One of the most popular scripting codes. Because it cannot create separate "stand-alone" applications, this language's instructions are embedded inside HTML documents.

JavaScript

Defence mechanism where JavaScript does not support certain capabilities. For example, JavaScript running on a local computer cannot read, write, create, delete, or list the files on that computer.

Limit capabilities

Also called a Flash cookie, it can store data more complex and can store much more data than a regular cookie.

Locally Shared Object

An ad that contains malware secretly redirects visitors who receive it to the attacker's webpage that then downloads Trojans, zombies, and ransomware onto the user's computer, often through vulnerabilities in extensions, plug-ins, and add-ons.

Malvertising

Adds new functionality to the web browser so that users can play music, view videos, or display special graphical images within the browser that normally it could not play or display. These are not browser dependent.

Plug-in

Examines plug-ins that are being used and alert the user to any out-of-date or known vulnerable plug-ins.

Plug-in validation

Part of an earlier email system of TCP/IP protocols that is responsible for incoming mail. port 110

Post Office Protocol

Defence mechanism that restricts a JavaScript downloaded from Site A from accessing data that came from Site B.

Same origin

Defence mechanism that only permits JavaScript to run in a restricted environment, which can limit what computer resources it can access or actions it can take.

Sandboxing

Part of an earlier email system of TCP/IP protocols that handles outgoing mail. port 25

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Unsolicited email

Spam

Program that looks for specific trigger words and blocks the email containing them.

Spam Filter

Set of rules/protocols/standards that dictate how information is transmitted over the internet.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

Extension allows the user to hover over a reduced URL in order to view its expanded format.

URL expander

A program for showing web pages.

Web Browser

Extension that allows the user to view the websites that track his or her activity

Website tracker

A list of senders from whom the user will accept email, also known as a Allowed senders.

Whitelist

Composed of Internet server computers on networks that provide online information in a specific format.

World Wide Web

Cookie that is created from the website that a user is currently viewing.

first party cookie

A cookie that is placed on the users computer that come from third parties, often advertising web servers.

third party cookie