Seidel Chp 7 Nutrition
This vitamin can be found in: breats milk, infant formula, vegetable oils, egg yolk, liver, butter, fortified margarine, green leefy vegetables, whole-grain breads, cereals, and other fortified or enriched grain products.
Vitamin E
This vitamin functions as an antioxidant in the intestines and elsewhere, protects cell membranes and red blood cells, and may have a role in preventing cardiovascular disease.
Vitamin E
Toxicity of this vitamin may interfere with vitamin K activity leading to prolonged clotting and bleeding time, and suppress the normal response to iron in patients with anemia.
Vitamin E
Deficiency of this vitamin may cause prolonged bleeding and prothrombin time, hemorrhagic manifestations (especially in newborns).
Vitamin K
This vitamin can be found in infant formula, vegetable oils, green leafy vegetables, pork, and liver.
Vitamin K
This vitamin forms prothrombin for normal blood clotting and is synthesized by bacteria in the intestines.
Vitamin K
Toxicity of this vitamin may cause hemolytic anemia; hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice).
Vitamin K
Deficiency of this vitamin may cause: Beriberi, fatigue, poor appetite, constipation, depression, neuropathy, polyneuritis, edema, and heart failure.
Vitamin b1
This vitamin is a coenzyme for breakdown of glucose for energy, aides in normal digestion, normal appetite, healthy nervous system, and positive mental outlook.
Vitamin b1 (thiamin)
What measurements are indicators of visceral fat or abdominal obesity?
Waist circumference and waist-height ratio
This vitamin aides in synthesis of DNA and RNA, maturation of red blood cells, it is involved with central nervous system metabolism, and it requires intrinsic factor from stomach absorption.
Vitamin B12
This vitamin can be found in breast milk, infant formula, animal foods only: milk, egg yolk, cheese, meat, poultry, and fish.
Vitamin B12
This vitamin is a coenzyme for protein synthesis and breakdown, aides in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin, normal growth, and formation of heme.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine)
Deficiency in this vitamin may reveal poor wound healing, poor bone, tooth development, scurvy, bruising and hemorrhage, bleeding gums, and loose teeth.
Vitamin C
This vitamin can be found in breast milk, infant formula, citrus fruits, papaya, cantaloupe, strawberries, tomatoes, broccoli, potatoes, and raw green vegetables.
Vitamin C
Toxicity of this vitamin may cause nausea, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and possible formation of kidney stones.
Vitamin C
The vitamin is responsible for forming collagen (which strengthens tissues and improves wound healing and resistance to infection), keeps teeth firm in gums, helps hormone synthesis, and improves iron absorption and transport.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Rickets, costochondral beading, epiphyseal enlargement, enlarged skull, cranial bossing, bowed legs, osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy may be a result from a deficiency in?
Vitamin D
This vitamin can be found in the following food sources: infant formula, egg yolk, liver, fatty fish, sunlight.
Vitamin D
This vitamin helps mobilization and mineralization of the bone, promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestine?
Vitamin D
Toxicity of this vitamin may include retarded growth, vomiting, hypercalcemia, nephrocalcinosis.
Vitamin D
Deficiency in this vitamin may cause red cell hemolysis in malnourished infants, hyporeflexia, retinal degeneration.
Vitamin E
A waist to height ratio greater than _______ is associated with an increased risk for disease.
0.5
It is very rare to have a toxicity from these vitamins.
Vitamin B1, B2, and B12
In the US, how many adults are obese? What is the BMI classification for obese adults?
30-40%; 30 - 39.9 BMI
Describe the activity requirements for someone who is 6-17 years of age.
60 minutes or greater of physical activity daily. Most should be moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity. Muscle strengthening at least 3 days a week. Bone strengthening at least 3 days a week. Encourage a variety of activities.
Describe the activity requirements for someone who is 18 - 64 years of age.
Avoid inactivity, adults who participate in some activity will reap benefits. Recommended to participate in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity a week. For best results 300 minutes a week. Muscle strengthening 2 days a week.
Riboflavin is which vitamin?
B2
Deficiency in this vitamin may cause: Cheilosis, GI symptoms, weak gait, irritability, neuropathy, convulsions, microcytic anemia.
B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine)
This vitamin can be found in breast milk, infant formula, meat, whole-grain or enriched breads, cereals, dark-green leafy vegetables, and potatoes.
B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine)
Toxicity of this vitamin may cause sensory neuropathy with progressive ataxia and photosensitivity.
B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine)
What is often defined as the REE but should be measured soon after waking in the morning 12 hours after the last meal?
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
A food ball found in the stomach or intestines is called?
Bezoars
The water soluble vitamins are?
C, B1, B2, Niacin, B6, B12, folate, biotin, pantothenic acid
Describe the activity requirements for someone who is 65 years or older?
Follow adult guidelines, but if not possible older adults should be as physically active as their abilities and conditions allow. Exercises to improve or maintain balance if at risk for falling. Understand the limits with chronic conditions and the appropriate level of exercise.
A major risk factor for developing an eating disorder is?
Having a first-degree family member with an eating disorder (anorexia or bulimia)
Deficiecy in this vitamin may result in: pellagra, dermatitis, angular stomatitis, diarrhea, depression, disorientation, and delirium.
Niacin (Nicotinic acid, Niacinamide)
This vitamin can be found in breast milk, infant formula, meat, poultry, fish, egg yolk, dark leafy green vegetables, whole grain or enriched breads, and cereals.
Niacin (Nicotinic acid, Niacinamide)
This vitamin is a coenzyme for energy metabolism, normal digestion, healthy nervous system, and healthy skin.
Niacin (Nicotinic acid, Niacinamide)
Toxicity of this vitamin may cause transient symptoms due to the vasodilation effects, including flushing, tingling, dizziness, nausea; liver function abnormalities, and hyperuricemia.
Niacin (does not occur with niacinamide)
In the US, how many adults are overweight? What is the BMI for overweight adults.
One third; 25 - 29.9 BMI
This constitutes the second largest proportion of total energy expenditure.
Physical activity
What contributes the largest proportion of total energy expenditure to the body?
Resting energy expenditure (REE) which represents the energy expanded at rest under conditions of stable temperature.
The following can indicate a deficiency in which vitamin: Cheilosis, glossitis, photophobia; burning, itching, sensitive eyes; poor growth; scaling skin.
Riboflavin (B2)
This vitamin can be found in breast milk, infant formula, and dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, egg yolk, legumes, dark-green leafy vegetables, whole-grain or enriched breads and cereals.
Riboflavin (B2)
This vitamin is a coenzyme for protein and glucose metabolism, aides in fatty acid synthesis, healthy skin, and normal vision in bright light.
Riboflavin (B2)
A deficiency in this vitamin may cause pernicious anemia: lack of intrinsic factor, or after gastrectomy; Microcytic anemia: neurological degeneration, pallor.
Vitamin B12
This term is used to describe the increase in a persons metabolic rate that occurs after eating and is responsible for 7 % of a patients total energy expenditure.
Thermogenesis
Night blindness, Dry eyes, Poor bone growth, impaired resistance to infection, and severe drying and scaling of skin indicate a deficiency in?
Vitamin A
The following are good food sources for? Breast milk, infant formula, liver, butter, fortified margarine, egg yolk, dark green and deep yellow vegetables and fruits.
Vitamin A
This vitamin preserves the integrity of epithelial cells, formation of rhodopsin for vision in dim light, necessary for wound healing, growth, and normal function of the immune system.
Vitamin A
Toxicity of this vitamin may cause: fatigue, night sweats, vertigo, headaches, dry and fissured skin and lips, retarded growth, bone pain, abdominal pain, vomiting, and jaundice.
Vitamin A
The fat soluble vitamins are?
Vitamin A, D, E, and K
This vitamin can be found in breast milk, infant formula, pork, liver, other meats, poultry, dry beans and peas, peanut butter, whole grain or enriched breads and cereals, milk, and eggs.
Vitamin B1
Waist circumference and waist to height ratio can be strong predictors for what disease processes?
cardiovascular and obesity-related diseases
Vegetarian diets are at risk for what deficiencies?
protein, calcium, iron, vitamin b 12, and vitamin d
High intake of grapefruit juice can increase the bioavailability of what drug?
simvastatin
Who expends the most energy an heavier person or a lighter person performing the same task?
the heavier person
The ________ is another measure of fat distribution in the body but is not as strong as the BMI.
waist to hip circumference ratio
A large waist circumference in women and men is?
women > 35 in and men > 40 in