Sem1 final

[An illusion of 8 circles with patterns on them that looks like it creates a cube] The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following? The resting potential of neurons on the optic nerve Gestalt principles of closure & continuity The inverted & reversed image that a visual stimulus produces on the retina The opponent process theory of vision

Gestalt principles of closure and continuity

Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high? It has a long wavelength & frequency It has a short wavelength & high frequency It has a long wavelength & low frequency It has a large amplitude l It has a small amplitude

It has a short wavelength and high frequency.

Which of the following is true about the blind spot in the eye? It occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye It is caused by an excess of bipolar cells in the retina It is most apparent in low levels of illumination It is stimulated only by high levels of illumination It is caused by a bleaching of rhodopsin in the rods

It occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye

brain lateralization refers to the Ability of the brain to process multisensory information Capacity of the brain to control basic motor movements Aptitude of the brain to produce speech Ability of the brain to control basic functions such as respiration & blood circulation inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

Receptors that are especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the Gurus cinguli Inner ear Tendons Ossicles Ligaments

inner ear

It can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster Is a man Respects a majority of the United States population Has a lose density of taste buds on the tongue Is very sensitive to hot peppers Learned to be a supertaster from others

is very sensitive to hot peppers

Negative afterimages are explained by The trichromatic theory Color detection by rods The opponent process theory A lack of adaptation Dichromatic color perception

opponent-process theory

Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception Linear perspective Texture gradient Interposition Retinal disparity Motion parallax

retinal disparity

The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT Smell Hearing Taste Vision Touch

smell

Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities except Bitter Sweet Salty Spicy Sour

spicy

Which of the following refers to the transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses? Perception Bottom up processing Top down processing Transduction Psychophysics

transduction

The general function of the bones in the middle ear is to Convert the incoming sound from pounds per square inch to decibels Protect the cochlea Regulate change in the air pressure of the inner ear Transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window Provide information to the vestibular system

transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window —

When studying for a vocabulary test, Catherine read one of her vocabulary words and its definition aloud several times. About twenty seconds later, she still remembered the word's meaning, but then she moved on to the next word in the list without engaging in any further strategies to enhance her memory. The next day, she tested herself on the same vocabulary word at the same time, in the same mood, and in the same location as when she had first studied the word, but she could not remember its definition. It is most likely that Catherine could not remember the word because she failed to engage which of the following memory functions? Sensory memory, because Catherine did nor paid the word with one of her senses to remember it the next day Long term memory, because Catherine failed to encode the word; therefore the word did not become a part of her long term memory Retrieval, because though Catherine probably stored the memory mc it was difficult for her to retrieve it State dependent memory, because Catherine was too anxious to perform well Context dependent memory, because Catherine did not study the word in a variety of locations

??

Which study is a researcher who wants to draw correct cause-and-effect conclusions about the sense of smell likely to conduct? A case study in which the researcher records a persons facial expression when the person encounters different smells and then determines that when a person. Smells a good smell, the person smiles A case study in which the researcher asks a person to name the smells the person is experiencing & then finds that the person has a hard time naming smells that are offensive A study in which 50 participants are asked to ears the degree to what different smells evoke happy memories. The researcher the. Determines which smells are associated with happy memories A study in which the researcher randomly assigns 50 people to a group that is exposed to a strong smell of roses & 50 people to a group that experiences an odor-free environment to see whether the group exposed to the strong smell of roses reports experiencing more memories.

A study in which the researcher randomly assigns 50 people to a group that is exposed to a strong smell of roses & 50 people to a group that experiences an odor-free environment to see whether the group exposed to the strong smell of roses reports experiencing more memories.

Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense? Developing a craving for a food after smelling it Being able to navigate using directions Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body Being able to locate where a sound is coming from Balancing oneself on a ladder

Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in Driving a car Reading a textbook Sending painful stimuli Digesting food Experiencing pain

Digesting food

Which of the follow scenarios is the best example of natural selection? During a drought, the foliage in a region turns brown. More brownish moths than whitish moths from a particular breed survive predation & produce more offspring. Subsequent generations of moths have a higher percentage of brownish moths than the generation before. During a hurricane, both brownish & whiteish moths are killed in approximately equal numbers by the storm. The population of moths is substantially reduced Just before the moth breeding season, the weather conditions result on an unusual abundance of food. With so much food the moth population increased dramatically, regardless of colors An increase in predation substantially reduced the population of adult brownish & whiteish moths. Relatively few moths survive to breed, & the population is reduced in the next generation

During a drought, the foliage in a region turns brown. More brownish moths than whitish moths from a particular breed survive predation and produce more offspring. Subsequent generations of moths have a higher percentage of brownish moths than the generation before.

I. Opponent process II Frequency III place Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception? I only II only II & III only II & III only I, II & III

II and III only

Julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud sound. Which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound? The sound has a long wavelength The sound has a short wavelength The sound has a high amplitude sound wave The sound has a low amplitude sound wave The sound is complex

The sound has a high-amplitude sound wave. —

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain? Occipital lobe Wernickles area Auditory cortex Parietal lobe Basal ganglia

Wernicke's area

One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely An inborn distaste for bitter that protects us from potential positions on the environment An inherited familial characteristic An example of imitation of behavior modeled by other family members A classically conditioned taste aversion response A common but temporary aversion to bitter tastes produced a cold viruses

an inborn distaste for bitter that protects us from potential poisons in the environment

The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the Lens Sclera Fovea Blind spot Aqueous humor

blind spot

A person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologists had not known about previously, because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is An experiment m A survey A case study Cross sectional research Correlational research

case study —

The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the Semicircular canal Ossicle Pinna Cochlea Oval window

cochlea

[photo of a diagram of an eyeball, A pointing at dark blob on the front center of the eye, B pointing at transparent dome surrounding the dark blob, C being a muscle that holds the black blob, D pointing at the back of the eye, E pointing at a stem of the eye In the figure above, what letter corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photoreceptors? A B C D E

d. retina

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in impairment of the kinesthetic sense? Severing of the corpus callosum Destruction of part of the hypothalamus Removal of a portion of the olfactory bulb Damage to the cerebellum A tumor in the someatosensory cortex

damage to cerebellum

Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues have used the visual cliff to measure an infant's ability to perceive Patterns Depth Size constancy Shape constancy Different hues

depth

Which of the following refers to the just-noticeable difference between two stimuli? Absolute threshold Sensation Perception Difference threshold Subliminal stimulus

difference threshold —

Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal? Cochlea Auditory nerve Anvil Stirrup Eardrum

eardrum —

[Image illusion of 2 head silhouettes facing each other] The reversible figure above illustrates the gestalt organizing principle of Proximity Figure ground Closure Common fate Simplicity

figure-ground

The perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its Loudness Timbre Amplitude Complexity Frequency

frequency

Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following? Gate-control theory Opponent-process theory Trichromatic theory Expectancy theory Phantom pain

gate control theory

Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness? Basilar membrane Hammer, anvil, stirrup Auditory nerve Temporal lobe Central sulcus

hammer, anvil, stirrup

The pitch of a sound is analogous to which of the following features of light? Brightness Size Saturation His Intensity

hue —

Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgements about the distance objects are from her? Convergence Binocular disparity Linear perspective Similarity Closure

linear perspective —

A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the Pitch of the sound wave Timbre of the sound wave Absolute threshold for sound perception Frequency of the sound wave Location of the source

location of the source

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the Supsrchiasmatic nucleus Cerebellum Limbos system Medulla Hippocampus

medulla

Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep? Cortisol Oxytocin Melatonin Testosterones Estrogen

melatonin

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is The terminal button The myelin sheath A dendrite The soma The synaptic cleft

myelin sheath

Receptors for olfaction are located On the basilar membrane of the cochlea In taste buds on the tongue In the nasal cavity In the esophagus In the dermis

nasal cavity —

Dr. Roberts conducts a study in which one group of participants counts the number of syllables in each member of a list of twenty words, and the second group creates stories from the same set of words. When later asked to write down as many of the previously seen words as possible, the second group of participants recalls more words than the first group. This study shows the importance of The pragmatics of language Semantic encoding m Maintenance rehearsal Convergent thinking Shadow processing

semantic encoding

Balance is influenced by the Cochlea Basilar membrane Eardrum Auditory nerve Semicircular canals

semicircular canals

When Rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa's inability to taste? Vestibular sense Just noticeable difference Optic chiasm Sensory interaction

sensory interaction —

Professor Ahad has forty-three students in section one of the psychology classes she teaches and fifty-two students in section two. Section one meets at eight a.m. and, section two meets at one p.m. Professor Ahad gives all of her students the same final exam, and those in section two score significantly higher than those in section one. Professor Ahad concludes that her section one students are academically inferior to students in section two. The biggest problem with Professor Ahad's conclusion is that She did not randomly assign the students to her classroom She needs an equal number of students in each class in order to draw comparisons There is no dependent variable in this scenario Time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario She should have used the single blind method

time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario. —

Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by Top down processing Bottom up processing Parallel processing Retinal disparity Color constancy

top-down processing