Step5
Which pair is MISMATCHED?
- enteric nervous system: control functions in the digestive organs ----> somatic nervous system: controls movement of smooth muscle - autonomic nervous system: regulates cardiac muscle and glands -somatic nervous system: voluntary
All the following are sensory functions of the nervous system EXCEPT
-detecting changes in blood pressure -feeling a raindrop landing on your skin -seeing a baseball coming at your head ------>running away from an angry dog -hearing a dropped book hit the floor
Proprioceptors are located
-in skeletal muscles (muscle spindles) -in tendons (tendon organs) -in and around synovial joints (joint kinesthetic receptors) -in the inner ear (hair cells)
Due to a skiing accident, a young man suffered an injury to his spinal cord at the first thoracic vertebrate. What major functions could be lost due to his injury?
Bending
To test for neurological disease, a doctor inserts a needle into the subarachnoid space of a patient's spine. What is the doctor trying to collect?
Cerebrospinal fluid
Which component of the meninges is responsible for removing metabolic wastes?
Cerebrospinal fluid
A fireman injures the left ventral root of his first thoracic vertebrate when he falls off a fire engine ladder. What major functions could be lost due to his injury?
Control of his trunk stability
Which describes a function of the pons?
Controls blood flow and consciousness
If the vertebrate of a reflex arc controlling leg movement is broken, what part of the nerve pathway may temporarily block the nerve impulse?
Interneuron
A mother places her hand on a hot stovetop. The stimulus reaches the sensory neurons of her fingertips. What nerve pathway will this stimulus signal continue to follow in order to lift her hand from the heat?
Interneuron, motor neuron, effector
Which somatic receptors detect touch sensations?
Meissner corpuscles
Laurie, 32-year-old female, is complaining of ringing in the ears, fluctuating hearing loss, and a sensation of spinning. She recently reported a 30 lbs weight loss. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Ménière's disease
Myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system are produced by
Schwann cells
The neuroglia that produce the myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system are called
Schwann cells
A patient can't feel his fingers after a hard fall on his arm during a wrestling match. The doctor suspects nerve damage. What part of the patient's peripheral nervous system could be injured?
Sensory nerve
During the transmission of signals across a neuromuscular junction, which of the following happens last?
Sodium and potassium ion gates in the motor end plate open.
Which of the following statements best describes the events that lead to depolarization of a neuronal membrane?
Sodium flows into the neuron.
People with diabetes can do which of the following to control their blood glucose concentration (BGC)?
Take insulin when their BGC is high and take glucagon when their BGC is low
An athlete is running vigorously trying to win a race. Which of the following correctly describes how her nervous system affects her cardiac and respiratory systems?
The sympathetic system is increasing heart rate and dilating the airways.
Due to a car accident, a young woman suffered an injury to her spinal cord at the first lumbar vertebrate. What major functions could be lost due to her injury?
Walking
Which tissues of the central nervous system contain myelin?
White matter
When viewing near objects, accommodation of the lens causes
an increase in the curvature of the lens
The portion of the eyeball that contains aqueous humor is the
anterior cavity
The type of neuroglial cell involved in forming the blood-brain barrier is the
astrocyte
Which part of the outer ear collects sound waves?
auricle
The portion of the nervous system that is not under conscious control and is thus considered involuntary is the
autonomic nervous system
The axon joins the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the
axon hillock
Processes that carry impulses from the neuron cell body to another neuron or effector are called
axons
Which of the following ions directly triggers the release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft?
calcium
The spinal cord is considered part of the _______________________.
central nervous system
Trace the pathway for auditory impulses from the cochlea to the cerebral cortex.
cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve, medulla, midbrain, thalamus, primary auditory area
Compared to unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons
conduct impulses faster
Gray matter of the nervous system
contains little or no myelin.
Enteric motor neurons are responsible for stimulating
contraction of GI smooth muscle
If the peripheral nervous system _____________ messages, the central nervous system _____________ them.
conveys; interprets
Which is (are) considered part(s) of the peripheral nervous system?
cranial nerves
The _____ is a receptive portion of a neuron while the _____ is the conductive portion.
dendrite; axon
Processes on neurons that receive and conduct impulses toward the cell body are called
dendrites
If a stimulus causes a large enough ______, a critical level called _______ is reached which results in a(n) _______.
depolarization; threshold; action potential
Which is not a method of removing neurotransmitters from a synapse?
destruction by toxins produced by the postsynaptic neuron
The characteristic ability of neurons to respond to a stimulus and convert it into a nerve impulse is called
electrical excitability
The sympathetic nervous system controls all _________ responses of the body.
emergency
The nervous system and the _____ system share the greatest responsibility for maintaining homeostasis.
endocrine
The neuroglial cell that lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord is called a(n)
ependymal cell
Which of the following is NOT part of the internal ear?
eustachian tube
The central nervous system
excludes the cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia and sensory receptors and is the source of thoughts and emotions.
Glaucoma is caused by abnormally high intraocular pressure that results in decreased blood flow that damages the rods and cones.
false
The facial nerve and the vagus nerve innervate the tongue.
false
The inverted V-shape row of papillae located at the posterior portion of the tongue are made up of the filiform papillae.
false
Which of the following is an example of an effector?
glands
The _____ of the brain consists of unmyelinated axons, dendrites, neuron cell bodies and neuroglia.
gray matter
The process in which a region of the hypothalamus of the brain receives sensory information from thermoreceptors and decides to stimulate sweating is an example of the ______ function of the nervous system.
integrative
static equilibrium
involves bending of hair cells by the otolithic membrane.
The inner ear
is divided into the outer bony labyrinth and inner membranous labyrinth.
All of the following are functions of the peripheral nervous system except
it interprets signals from the external environment
Trace the pathway by which nerve impulses triggered by an object in the left half of the visual field of the left eye reach the primary visual area of the cerebral cortex.
left optic nerve, optic chiasm, right optic tract, right visual cortex
The peripheral nervous system
may be divided into somatic, autonomic and enteric nervous systems.
Damage to a motor neuron would interfere with ______ while damage to an interneuron would interfere with ______.
movement; perception
The chemicals stored in synaptic vesicles are referred to as
neurotransmitters
Which type of receptor does not tend to exhibit adaptation?
nociceptors and proprioceptors
Clusters of neuronal cell bodies that form gray matter in the brain are called
nuclei
Trace the olfactory pathway from the nose to the olfactory areas in the brain.
olfactory nerves, olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts
A difference between gustatory receptor cells and olfactory receptors is
olfactory receptors are first-order neurons whereas gustatory receptors are separate receptor cells
Which of the following neuroglia forms the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system?
oligodendrocytes
Which of the following types of cells found in the nervous system does NOT functionally belong with the others?
oligodendrocytes
During the creation of an action potential, depolarization of a membrane begins with the
opening of sodium channels
Special senses do not include
pain
The conscious awareness and interpretation of changes in the external and internal environments is
perception
The spread of an impulse along the membrane of a neuron is called
propagation
The somatic nervous system
provides motor signals and conscious control to skeletal muscles.
Pain that is felt in a body area away from the stimulated organ is
referred pain
Bending of light rays is termed
refraction
The stage in an action potential that immediately follows depolarization is
repolarization
The charge difference between the outside and the inside of the plasma membrane of a neuron at rest is called the
resting membrane potential
Neurons that conduct nerve impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system are
sensory neurons
The _____ nervous system consists of sensory neurons and motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle contractions.
somatic
All of the following are part of the peripheral nervous system EXCEPT
spinal cord
The spinal cord transfers messages from the brain to the _______________________.
spinal nerves
This structure is also referred to as the organ of hearing.
spiral organ (organ of Corti)
All of the following are functions of the nervous system EXCEPT
storing potassium
Which terms are MISMATCHED?
supporting cells: the part of the olfactory receptor that responds to odorants
The site where either two neurons or a neuron and effector communicate is called a
synapse
Neurotransmitters are released from the _____ into the synaptic cleft.
synaptic end bulb
In resting neurons, neurotransmitters are stored in
synaptic vesicles
Concerning an action potential,
there is an influx of Na ions through voltage-gated ion channels.
Which statement is NOT true concerning rods?
they are specialized for vision in bright light
A bundle of myelinated axons within the white matter of the central nervous system is called a(n)
tract
Which nerve does not transmit impulses related to taste?
trochlear
An awareness of the activities of muscles, tendons, and joints is known as proprioception.
true
Another term for nerve impulse is action potential.
true
Ependymal cells are neuroglial cells.
true
Microglia are macrophages of the CNS.
true
Some regeneration of neurons can occur in the peripheral nervous system.
true
The auditory tube is commonly known as the eustachian tube.
true
The cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
true
The loss of the covering produced by oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells is called demyelination.
true
The autonomic nervous system controls all __________ responses of the body.
unconscious
The iris, ciliary body, and choroid are part of the
vascular tunic
Each of the following is part of the nervous system EXCEPT the
vertebral column