Step5

Which pair is MISMATCHED?

- enteric nervous system: control functions in the digestive organs ----> somatic nervous system: controls movement of smooth muscle - autonomic nervous system: regulates cardiac muscle and glands -somatic nervous system: voluntary

All the following are sensory functions of the nervous system EXCEPT

-detecting changes in blood pressure -feeling a raindrop landing on your skin -seeing a baseball coming at your head ------>running away from an angry dog -hearing a dropped book hit the floor

Proprioceptors are located

-in skeletal muscles (muscle spindles) -in tendons (tendon organs) -in and around synovial joints (joint kinesthetic receptors) -in the inner ear (hair cells)

Due to a skiing accident, a young man suffered an injury to his spinal cord at the first thoracic vertebrate. What major functions could be lost due to his injury?

Bending

To test for neurological disease, a doctor inserts a needle into the subarachnoid space of a patient's spine. What is the doctor trying to collect?

Cerebrospinal fluid

Which component of the meninges is responsible for removing metabolic wastes?

Cerebrospinal fluid

A fireman injures the left ventral root of his first thoracic vertebrate when he falls off a fire engine ladder. What major functions could be lost due to his injury?

Control of his trunk stability

Which describes a function of the pons?

Controls blood flow and consciousness

If the vertebrate of a reflex arc controlling leg movement is broken, what part of the nerve pathway may temporarily block the nerve impulse?

Interneuron

A mother places her hand on a hot stovetop. The stimulus reaches the sensory neurons of her fingertips. What nerve pathway will this stimulus signal continue to follow in order to lift her hand from the heat?

Interneuron, motor neuron, effector

Which somatic receptors detect touch sensations?

Meissner corpuscles

Laurie, 32-year-old female, is complaining of ringing in the ears, fluctuating hearing loss, and a sensation of spinning. She recently reported a 30 lbs weight loss. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Ménière's disease

Myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system are produced by

Schwann cells

The neuroglia that produce the myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system are called

Schwann cells

A patient can't feel his fingers after a hard fall on his arm during a wrestling match. The doctor suspects nerve damage. What part of the patient's peripheral nervous system could be injured?

Sensory nerve

During the transmission of signals across a neuromuscular junction, which of the following happens last?

Sodium and potassium ion gates in the motor end plate open.

Which of the following statements best describes the events that lead to depolarization of a neuronal membrane?

Sodium flows into the neuron.

People with diabetes can do which of the following to control their blood glucose concentration (BGC)?

Take insulin when their BGC is high and take glucagon when their BGC is low

An athlete is running vigorously trying to win a race. Which of the following correctly describes how her nervous system affects her cardiac and respiratory systems?

The sympathetic system is increasing heart rate and dilating the airways.

Due to a car accident, a young woman suffered an injury to her spinal cord at the first lumbar vertebrate. What major functions could be lost due to her injury?

Walking

Which tissues of the central nervous system contain myelin?

White matter

When viewing near objects, accommodation of the lens causes

an increase in the curvature of the lens

The portion of the eyeball that contains aqueous humor is the

anterior cavity

The type of neuroglial cell involved in forming the blood-brain barrier is the

astrocyte

Which part of the outer ear collects sound waves?

auricle

The portion of the nervous system that is not under conscious control and is thus considered involuntary is the

autonomic nervous system

The axon joins the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the

axon hillock

Processes that carry impulses from the neuron cell body to another neuron or effector are called

axons

Which of the following ions directly triggers the release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft?

calcium

The spinal cord is considered part of the _______________________.

central nervous system

Trace the pathway for auditory impulses from the cochlea to the cerebral cortex.

cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve, medulla, midbrain, thalamus, primary auditory area

Compared to unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons

conduct impulses faster

Gray matter of the nervous system

contains little or no myelin.

Enteric motor neurons are responsible for stimulating

contraction of GI smooth muscle

If the peripheral nervous system _____________ messages, the central nervous system _____________ them.

conveys; interprets

Which is (are) considered part(s) of the peripheral nervous system?

cranial nerves

The _____ is a receptive portion of a neuron while the _____ is the conductive portion.

dendrite; axon

Processes on neurons that receive and conduct impulses toward the cell body are called

dendrites

If a stimulus causes a large enough ______, a critical level called _______ is reached which results in a(n) _______.

depolarization; threshold; action potential

Which is not a method of removing neurotransmitters from a synapse?

destruction by toxins produced by the postsynaptic neuron

The characteristic ability of neurons to respond to a stimulus and convert it into a nerve impulse is called

electrical excitability

The sympathetic nervous system controls all _________ responses of the body.

emergency

The nervous system and the _____ system share the greatest responsibility for maintaining homeostasis.

endocrine

The neuroglial cell that lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord is called a(n)

ependymal cell

Which of the following is NOT part of the internal ear?

eustachian tube

The central nervous system

excludes the cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia and sensory receptors and is the source of thoughts and emotions.

Glaucoma is caused by abnormally high intraocular pressure that results in decreased blood flow that damages the rods and cones.

false

The facial nerve and the vagus nerve innervate the tongue.

false

The inverted V-shape row of papillae located at the posterior portion of the tongue are made up of the filiform papillae.

false

Which of the following is an example of an effector?

glands

The _____ of the brain consists of unmyelinated axons, dendrites, neuron cell bodies and neuroglia.

gray matter

The process in which a region of the hypothalamus of the brain receives sensory information from thermoreceptors and decides to stimulate sweating is an example of the ______ function of the nervous system.

integrative

static equilibrium

involves bending of hair cells by the otolithic membrane.

The inner ear

is divided into the outer bony labyrinth and inner membranous labyrinth.

All of the following are functions of the peripheral nervous system except

it interprets signals from the external environment

Trace the pathway by which nerve impulses triggered by an object in the left half of the visual field of the left eye reach the primary visual area of the cerebral cortex.

left optic nerve, optic chiasm, right optic tract, right visual cortex

The peripheral nervous system

may be divided into somatic, autonomic and enteric nervous systems.

Damage to a motor neuron would interfere with ______ while damage to an interneuron would interfere with ______.

movement; perception

The chemicals stored in synaptic vesicles are referred to as

neurotransmitters

Which type of receptor does not tend to exhibit adaptation?

nociceptors and proprioceptors

Clusters of neuronal cell bodies that form gray matter in the brain are called

nuclei

Trace the olfactory pathway from the nose to the olfactory areas in the brain.

olfactory nerves, olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts

A difference between gustatory receptor cells and olfactory receptors is

olfactory receptors are first-order neurons whereas gustatory receptors are separate receptor cells

Which of the following neuroglia forms the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system?

oligodendrocytes

Which of the following types of cells found in the nervous system does NOT functionally belong with the others?

oligodendrocytes

During the creation of an action potential, depolarization of a membrane begins with the

opening of sodium channels

Special senses do not include

pain

The conscious awareness and interpretation of changes in the external and internal environments is

perception

The spread of an impulse along the membrane of a neuron is called

propagation

The somatic nervous system

provides motor signals and conscious control to skeletal muscles.

Pain that is felt in a body area away from the stimulated organ is

referred pain

Bending of light rays is termed

refraction

The stage in an action potential that immediately follows depolarization is

repolarization

The charge difference between the outside and the inside of the plasma membrane of a neuron at rest is called the

resting membrane potential

Neurons that conduct nerve impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system are

sensory neurons

The _____ nervous system consists of sensory neurons and motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle contractions.

somatic

All of the following are part of the peripheral nervous system EXCEPT

spinal cord

The spinal cord transfers messages from the brain to the _______________________.

spinal nerves

This structure is also referred to as the organ of hearing.

spiral organ (organ of Corti)

All of the following are functions of the nervous system EXCEPT

storing potassium

Which terms are MISMATCHED?

supporting cells: the part of the olfactory receptor that responds to odorants

The site where either two neurons or a neuron and effector communicate is called a

synapse

Neurotransmitters are released from the _____ into the synaptic cleft.

synaptic end bulb

In resting neurons, neurotransmitters are stored in

synaptic vesicles

Concerning an action potential,

there is an influx of Na ions through voltage-gated ion channels.

Which statement is NOT true concerning rods?

they are specialized for vision in bright light

A bundle of myelinated axons within the white matter of the central nervous system is called a(n)

tract

Which nerve does not transmit impulses related to taste?

trochlear

An awareness of the activities of muscles, tendons, and joints is known as proprioception.

true

Another term for nerve impulse is action potential.

true

Ependymal cells are neuroglial cells.

true

Microglia are macrophages of the CNS.

true

Some regeneration of neurons can occur in the peripheral nervous system.

true

The auditory tube is commonly known as the eustachian tube.

true

The cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

true

The loss of the covering produced by oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells is called demyelination.

true

The autonomic nervous system controls all __________ responses of the body.

unconscious

The iris, ciliary body, and choroid are part of the

vascular tunic

Each of the following is part of the nervous system EXCEPT the

vertebral column