Semester 1 History Final
Reasons why the US entered the war
-Germany was attacking American ships -Violating international law (germany) - The Zimmerman note -Unrestricted submarine warfare
Terms of the Treaty of Versailles
1) stripped Germany of its armed forces 2) Germany had to pay reparations ($33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manufacture weapons
Ellis Island open date
1892
Progressive Era date
1896-1916
Date fo Treaty of Versailles
28, June, 1919
Impacts on empires of losing countries
4 empires collapsed- Russian empire, German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire.
Gavrillo Princip
A Bosnian Serb student who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of AUstria and his wife Sophie.
Attrition
A conflict in which each side tried to wear the other down by killing as many of its men as possible.
Convoy System
A group of ships sailing together for protection
Muckrakers
A journalist who searches for and tries to expose real or alleged corruption.
Christopher Columbus
A navigator who explored the Americas under the flag of Spain.
Imperialism
A policy of extending one's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Procterate
A state that is controlled and protected by another.
The Zimmerman Telogram
A telegram sent by Germany to Mexico asking Mexico to become an ally to Germany in the war. Also asking Mexico to be against the US if the US declared war on Germany. (Got intercepted by Britain)
Trench Warfare
A type of combat in. Which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other.
Alliance
A union between countries.
Civil War date
April 12, 1861 - April 9, 1865
Revolutionary War date
April 19, 1775 - September 3, 1783
Spanish American War date
April 21, 1898- December 10, 1898
Women's right to vote date
August 18, 1920
Schlieffen Plan
Battle plan proposed in 1905 by Alfred von Schlieffen that was designed to allow Germany to wage a successful two-front war.
Why did people immigrate during the Progressive Era?
Better living conditions, higher wages, religious persecution in their countries, escaping war.
What were the Sedition Acts of 1918?
Curtailed the free speech rights of US citizens during time of war.
Conditions for Germany in the Treaty of Versailles
Disbarment of Germany, payment for the war to the ALlies, demilitarization
Mechanized Warfare
Employment of modern mobile attack and defense tactics that depend upon machines, more particularly upon vehicles powered by gasoline and Diesel engines.
What country in WW1 invented mustard gas?
Germany
Results of British Blockade
Germany had a famine and soldiers were starving to death. Considered one of the key elements in the eventual Allied victory.
Who were the Central Powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
Who were the Allied Powers?
Great Britain, France, Russia, US, Japan, Romania, Italy
Nationalism
Identification with one's nation and support its interest especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
Why did Americans have "meatless days"?
In 1917, to conserve rations for soldiers fighting overseas in WW1.
WW1 date
July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918
Date of WW1
July 28, 1914- November 11, 1918
Date of WW1 spark
June 28,1914
Date of Russian exit
March 3, 1918
Long term causes of WW1
Nationalism, Imperialism, militarism
What was the spark of WW!?
Occurred on June 28, 1914 when a young Serbian patriot shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
What is Armistice day?
Occurred on November 11, 1918 where the Allied powers signed a ceasefire agreement with Germany at Compiégne, France bringing WW1 to a close.
Date of Highest Casualties WW1
On July 1, 1916 the Battle of Somme had the biggest casualties when the British army suffered 57,470 casualties.
Selective Service Act
On May 18, 1917 the Selective Service Act authorized the Federal Government ti temporarily expand the military through conscription. Eventually required all men to register for the military.
Why did the US not enter the League of Nations
Opposition from isolationists in Congress.
Teddy Rosevelt's role in the Progressive Era
Pushed the US to be prepared for Spanish American war.
Seperate but Equal- Plessy vs. Ferguson
Racial segregation did not necessarily violate the 14th Amendment "equal protection" under law to all people.
Why did Russian leave WW1?
Russia left WW1 because of food shortages, riots, general wrestled to Tsar Nicholas II falling out of favor with the Russian people.
Country with Highest Casualties WW1
Russia- 1,700,000
New weapons used in WW1
Submarines, poison gas, warplanes, tanks
Clause of Plessy vs. Ferguson
The 14th (1868) equal-protection clause, prohibits states form denying "equal protection of the laws" to any person within their jurisdictions.
Germans as a scapegoat
The Jews became a scapegoat for the defeat of Germany in 1918.
Mobilization
The action of a country or its government preparing and organizing troops for active service.
No Man's Land meaning
The narrow, treeless stretch of land, characterized by numerous shell holes that seperated Germany and Allied trenches during WW1.
Neutrality
The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, impartiality.
Guilded Age
The time between the Civil War and WW1 during which the US population and economy grew quickly, lots of political corruption and finance misleadings.
Why was the Constitution written?
To create a government with enough power to act on a national level without having so much power that fundamental rights would be at risk.
What was the goal of Wilson's 14 points?
To end the war and bring out lasting peace for the world.
Why was the Spanish American war fought?
To liberate Cuba and the Philippines from Spanish control.
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty imposed on Germany by the Aliied powers signed onJune 28, 1919 formally ending 1919.
What were airplanes used for in WW1?
Used for reconnaissance. The planes would fly above the battlefield and determine enemy's position and movements.
President during Spanish American War
William McKinley
President during WW1
Woodrow WIlson
Armistice
an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.
