SET B

BANTAM WORK

a ditch and English lacquer technique of the late 17th century. The design was usually etched into a black ground. Originated in batman, Dutch Java now Indonesia.

BEDSPREAD

a fabric covering for the top and sides of a bed can be made from a variety of fabrics and comes in various styles for example a coverlet with dust ruffles, a fitted top or a loose throw that falls to the floor at the sides.

BAYADERE

a fabric of string contrasting multicolored horizontal stripes, originally the garment worn by female dancers in India. La Bayadere is a famous Russian ballet about a temple dancer who wears the garment.

BAYEUX TAPESTRY

a famous french Romanesque embroidered tapestry, 213 feet long that commemorates the victory of the Normans in England.

BIRD'S EYE

a figure on wood that resembles small avian eyes, caused by cutting on a tangent through the indentations that sometimes appear on the annual rings of the log. Often noted on maple wood.

BALLEEK

a fine ivory colored china produced in Ireland, highly translucent with a marked iridescent quality to the glaze. Most frequently used for small decorative items and tea sets.

BED FRAME

a frame that supports the spring and mattress the frame may rest on casters or it may be bolted to headboard.

BLOCKFRONT

a furniture from divided into three vertical panels the center panel is concave or recessed between with John Goddard and the Newport School of 18th century american chests, secretaries and highboys. Also called a tub front.

BIRD'S BEAK

in Greek classic architecture, a supporting molding that resembled the downward curve of bird's upper mandible. In furniture, a round V-cut molding corners.

BARLEY SUGAR TURNING

spiral lathe-work that resembles a twisted rope, ,much used in the mid and late 17th century for furniture.

BED RAILS

strips usually of wood that connect the headboard to the foot board and keep them in a vertical position. Combined with the slats which are set at right angles to the walls they support the box spring and mattress.

BAMBINO

the Christ child portrayed as an infant, often in swaddling clothes in sculptures and painting of the early renaissance.

BEDSTOCK

the actual supporting framework of certain 16th century beds in England and continental Europe. The front posts or pillars that supported the wood tester or canopy stood free of the bed proper and the bed stock supported the bedding similar to the current bed frame.

BALLOON BACK

the arced or hoop-shaped chair back of the Hepplewhite period. the curved lines starts in a concave form at the seat rail then sweeps up in bold convex arc creating a smooth loop. Similar to the Montgolfier chair of the late 18th century in France.

BOMBE (french)

Convex arched or humpback a flowing curve a surface that swells abd chest at the end of tje Louis XIV and the regence periods in Frances, and reaches in heights during Louis XV, or Rococo period. Bombe cabinets and drawer furniture alsi appear in the venetian Rococo and chippendale's French style also called a commode.

BIOMIMICY

a design approach that finds inspiration in nature for functional and aesthetic purposes/

BARCELONA CHAIR

17th century and early 18th century ladder back chair in Spain. The top cross slat was usually enlarged and elaborately carved and carved to settees and chiseled grooves ornamented the stretchers. A 20th century chair by LILY REICH and MIES VAN DE ROHE the front legs curve up and and back to become part of the chair back, while the rear legs sweep down and forward to support the seat. the side view is a grateful x shape. The seat and back are tufted leather pillow

BIBLE BOX

17th century carved container that contained a family bible. Later made with a hinged sloping lid, which when closed served as a reading stand or desk. The interior sometimes featured compartments and small shelves.

BLANKET CHEST

17th-18th century American space containing piece with a lidded top, and one or two drawers below. The lowboy, the highboy, and the chest of drawers eventually replaced such units. See Connecticut Chest and Hadley Chest.

BONADER

18th century Swedish or Swedish -American wall hanging depicting rural subjects, painted on paper or canvas.

BANK OF ENGLAND CHAIR

19th century English regency chair similar to a tub chair, similar to a tub chair in that the arms start at the front post and sweep around the back in a continuous rising curve. The legs are usually cabriole, rising curve. The legs are usually cabriole, and the front edge of the seat is serpentine in form.

BANJO CLOCK

19th century wall clock that resembles in contour an inverted banjo

BOLSTER ARM

A 19th century term for a fat rounded or cylindrical upholstered arm on a chair or sofa that resembles a bolater

BOLSTER

A long usually cylindrical stuffed pillow or cushion also an oversized pillow or back rest, which may be wedge-shaped or rectangular

BONDED FABRIC

A non-woven fabric made from mass fibres glued / held together e.g. by glue, stitching or heat, cemented or otherwise bonded by together similar to felt.

BOLECTION MOLDINGS

A series of rounded mouldings that project far beyond the panel or wall to which they are applied. A bolection panel projects from the wall surface as opposed to sunk panel. See panel, bolection and panel sunk

BOFFET OR BOFFET CHAIR

A three legged triangular Scandinavian chair that was produced until en of the 16th century. They were usually made of turnings and had carved ornaments.

BEECH

A tough strong pale straight gained wood that resembles birch and maple. Through used for furniture and flooring in the 17th and 18th centuries. it is mainly used today for furniture frames, rocker supports and bent chair backs. European beech is similar to american beech but easier to season and work

BATAVIA

A tub, vat or container in which a person may bathe or wash usually connected to water pipes and a drain. SEE ALSO LABRUM

BOIS DE ROSE

A yellowish wood with reddish striped markings. The wood blond as it ages

BOIS DE VIOLETTE

Also called boise de violet and amaranth

BOND

An arrangement of bricks, masonry, concrete blocks, etc,. In which the vertical joints are staggered. The pattern can be emphasized by using different colored finishing bricks.

BOFET

An early form of buffet from the original beaufait.

BISCUIT

BISQUE

BOMBAY FURNITURE

Furniture manufactured in India after the fall of mogul empire in 1740. A conglomeration of French and Portuguese styles and forms, the furniture is overlaid with typically elaborate and minute Indian carving. English and Dutch influences also appear.

BARJIER OR BARJEER

Hepplewhite's term for an armchair or bergere see bergere.

BAR BACK

Hepplewhite's term to describe the carved and shaped upright bars that curve of fit the shield of an open shield back chair or sofa. A bar backed sofa would be a three or four chair back sofa. SEE BANISTER BACK CHAIR

BODY

In pottery the clay or other material from which a piece of pottery or porcelain is manufactured. The glaze is applied lager

BODYING

In wood furnishings the filling in of a wood's coarse grains to permit an even finish

BOG OAK

Oak that has been preserved in pear bogs to affect its color. Used for banding panelling and ornaments.

BAMBOO SHADE

Rolldown window protector made of thin strips or slats of bamboo wood. May be left a natural yellowish finish, treated to resemble malacca or stained or lacquered.

BOIS DE DILL

See fil de bois

BLACK GUM

TUPELO

BOISERIE

The carved woodwork and panelling of 17th - 18th french interiors, often painted and picked out in gilt.

BALUSTRA

a dense south Africa hardwood of a light tobacco brown color.

BOND COURSE

The layer of bricks that overlaps the bricks below.

BOKHARA RUG

Turkoman rugs

BOISE DE BOUT

Wood cut across the grain, thus appearing darker.

BACONE

a 15th or 16th century Italian writing table that consisted of flat writing surface over two paneled drawer and a receed section. The entire piece two paneled drawers and recessed section. The entire rested on strecher connected pairs of legs called running feet.

BALL AND RING

a 17th century turning used for furniture legs and decoration consisting of series of ball-like turnings separated by flattened discs.

BATIK

a Javanese process of resist dyeing is waxed on silk. The design is waxed on the cloth and the cloth is then dyed. the waxed areas resist the stain and the pattern appears in the background color of the fabric. The process can be repeated several times for multicolored effects. Streaked effects are obtained when the stain crawls through cracks in the wax. Machine printing can imitate batik.

BIMBO

a Mexican screen based on Japanese prototypes.

BEAK HEAD

a Norman decorative molding. The carving on this early Gothic enrichment resembles a stylized bird's

BARRE

a barred or striped effect running horizontally across knitted or woven fabric

BOAT BED

a bed placed in a alcove with only one long side showing a low massive piece popular in the French Empire and Restoration periods, and in American furniture contemporary with these periods. It is similar to the gondola or sleigh bed boat shaped and often ,ade in light colored wood with contrasting wood marquetry. it was often raised on a massive step-like base.

BASALT WARE

a black porcelain pottery Josiah Wedgwood developed in 18th century england.

BELLOWS

a blowing device that creates a blast of air when contracted or collapsed, and serves as a fireplace accessory. Bellows are often highly decorated carved or embelished.

BAKDAQUIN BED

a canopy or tester bed. A late 18th french or English canopy or corn bed. The fabric canopy was attached to the wall rather than supported by bedposts extending from the four concerns of the bed frame.

BALDACHINO/ BALDACHIN/ BALDAQUIN

a canopy resting on columns used over altars thrones or beds in Italian renaissance buildings originally described a fine, embroidered cloth of gold and silk used as a portable canopy over shrines and statues in processions. (CANOPY)

BEAMED CELING

a ceiling in which the exposed or encased beams are part of the decorative scheme.

BOATSWAIN'S CHAIR

a chair similar to a captain's chair but smaller and with half arms sometimes spelled bosun's chair.

BAMBOO TURNED CHAIR

a chair usually made of maple or other light hardwoods and often gilded or painted a light fanciful color. The turnings resemble a stylized bamboo. This style developed from the spool furniture of the mid 19th century.

BARRED DOOR

a closure with wood fretwork in a glass cabinet secretary or bookcase. because of the high cost of glass. Because of the high cost of glass, the small precious pieces were set into the intricate cutout lacy wood framework. See fretwork

BANDY-LEGGED

a conical american term for bowlegged or cabriole-legged furniture in the early 18th century. Cabriole Chair & Cabriole Leg

BALUSTRADE

a continuous ornamental railing of stone wood or metal. It consist of a series of balusters topped with rail, and serves as a decorated enclosure for balconies, terraces, and stairways. Also used as a decoration motif in 18th century designed by English architects.

BELL TURNING

a conventionalized bell shaped lathe work popular during the William and Mary period

BLOCK FOOT

a cube shade support usually used with a square untapped leg. when tapered it is called a spade taper or therm foot. Chippendale used the block foot, also known as the MARLBOROUGH FOOT in the mid 18th century. ENGLAND

BASALT

a dark green or brown stone with columnar strata used in Egyptian statues. A favored material during the Empire period because of its Egyptian association and its rich strong coloring

BEAR'S PAW FOOT

a decorative furniture termination used by french and English designers in the later 17th and early 18th century. it is carved representative of furry par sometimes grasping a ball.

BEAD REAL

a decorative half-round or bead molding with alternating circular and elongated oval shapes.

BLIND ARCADE

a decorative non structural series of arches applied to a wall with no actual opening

BLACKMOOR

a decorative statue of an African often in an elaborate costume. A popular motif during the Italian renaissance. It was revived in the Victorian period. Today it is considered offensive.

BAD & CLAW FOOT

a furniture termination in the shape of a bird's or dragon's claw grasping a ball or jewel, believed to be an old Chinese motif symbolizing world power. It appeared in europe in remanesque furniture and in the dutch desings of the 17th and 18th centuries. In the 1st half of the 18th century and it appears in american chippendale furniture.

BALLOON

a globelike element topping a pillar or gatepost.

BARBIZON SCHOOL

a group of mid 19th century landscape painters who portrayed romanticized scenes of peasant life and the countryside. Included were Jean-Francois millet, Therefore Rousseau and Narcisse Diaz De la Pena

BEGAIINE

a heavy fabric with a fine weave and crosswise ribs it may be woven of silk, rayon, or wool warp with worsted or cotton fillings (weft)

BIBLIOTHEQUE

a large bookcase or book press the location of a book collection or library.

BASSILLICA

a large central space designed as a roman hall of justice or commercial exchange, with rows of columns and galleries with upper columns that supported the roof. Early Christian church with a high nave, clerestory side aisles, and semicircular apse.

BAROCCO

a large irregular shaped pearl whose name was given to a style characterized by complex curves.

BANISTER BACK CHAIR

a late 17th century English or american seat with split, turned spindles or flat bars for the uprights if the chair back. a more elegant and polished variation of this type of chair back was popular in the Hepplewhite period.

BIRDCAGE CLOCK

a late 17th century English time piece made of brass with exposed pendulum and weights an openwork clock.

BILBAO MIRROR

a late 18th century mirror, often with a frame of marble or marble and wood, an a pair of slender columns. the name derives from Bilbao Spain.

BASKET STAND

a late 18th century two-tiered work table. Galleries composed of small turnings or spindles surrounded the tiers and the unit rested on a tripod base. Similar to a canterbury and dumbwaiter. Sheraton designed many such tables.

BIRCH

a light brown fine-grained american wood. strong and hard it can take a natural finish or be stained to simulate mahogany, walnut, satinwood and other expensive as furniture. in quartered of flat sliced birch veneer. it is possible to create a curly figure. European birch is less available than american birch.

BEDROOM CHAIR

a light frame side chair for used in bedroom. Sheraton designed this type of chair end of the 18th century and 19th centuries. Often the frame was made of beech stained or japanned and equipped with rush seat.

BASSWOOD

a lightweight light colored wood used extensively for core stock and cross banding in plywood panels it does not warp readily and is moderately strong basswood in the northern united states and Canada is related to the linden of Europe.

BATTERN

a long piece of sawed wood for flooring wainscoting or as an upright for lathing. It is usually fastened to and or more boards as a cleat.

BEAM

a long piece of timber or metal set horizontally that supports a roof ceiling.

BENCH

a long stool or rectangular seating device, often backless or with a low back.

BISCUIT TUFTING

a method if tying back upholstery and padding to create a square tufts on chair backs and seats. Buttons are usually sewn back taut in a regular square or diamond patterns. The excess padding is forced into the center of each square or diamond, making small pillow.

BLEND

a mixture of different fibers in the same yarn or fabrics

BAR CART

a mobile table and cabinet for storing and serving liquor similar to tea cart.

BELLA ROSA

a moderately hard and heavy pink to yellowish beige wood grown in the Philippines and Malaya. The gaining is usually straight.

BOAT SHAPED TABLE

a modern conference and dining table top. The long side are shaped like parentheses the bow out gently in the center and taper in toward the short ends. The two short ends are straight. The shape is a long oval with flattened top bottom.

BANDING

a narrow strip of veneer used as border or edging on tabletops. drawer fronts, etc. usually made of a contrasting inlay, it was popular in 18th century furniture.

BIOMORPHIC

a nonrepresentational form or pattern that resembles a living organism in shape or appearance.

BEAD AND BUTT

a panel that is set flush with the stiles and rails that make up the framework of the wall or paneled surface. A bead molding emphasizes the edges of the panel that butts against the stiles.

BEARING WALL

a partition that supports a vertical load in addition to its own weight.

BED REST

a pillow that has a back and arms. sometimes called a husband.

BADLINE

a plan woven coarse fabric used for stiffening and for under work in upholstery.

BALCONY

a platform projecting out from a wall of a building usually surrounded by a balustrade. Also, the upper section of an auditorium, a shelf-like projection over the ground floor of the hall.

BERGERIE

a popular 18th century rural scenic design in France and England. These designs idealized rural life, depicting elegant farmers and gentle shepherdesses in pastoral landscapes that often featured water mills and meandering cows. Paintings and the popular toile de jouy prints featured these bucolic compositions.

BENTWOOD ROCKER

a typical chair made by Thonet in the late 19th century. Swirling arms, back and supports frame a caned seat and back.

BELLFLOWER ORNAMENT

a popular 18th-century carved motif used to enrich furniture and interiors. based on conventionalized bell-shaped flowers or catkins, the ornament was used in a continuous chain or swag as well as in graduated sizes as a pendant. see husk ornament.

BAN-DEW

a process devised by the Joseph Bancroft and sons company to render fabrics mildew resisitant.

BELL SEAT

a queen Anne chair seat with a rounded front popular during the William and Mary period late 17th century used for furniture legs and pedestal supports.

BASSET TABLE

a queen Anne gaming surface for playing five handed basset a popular 18th century card game.

BANDEROLE

a renaissance decoration consisting of a carved or painted ribbon like motif. An inscription often filled the flat part of the ribbon.

BAPTISREY

a room or building usually round or octagonal used for the rite of baptism

BAROQUE ARMCHAIR

a seat with a back that cants away from the seated person at the top. It has armrests straight legs and curved STRECHERS

BARREL VAULT

a semicircular ceiling shape supported by parallel walls that can span long distance.

BARREL CHAIR

a semicircular sear usually upholstered. It resembles a cylinder that has been cut in half vertically.

BAND SAW

a serpentine shaping achieved by a high speed thin banded saw.

BLIND

a shade or screen used over a window to control light and air. and a blind works on either a roller or a pull cord, as in a roman or austrian shade. may be made of various fabrics, or may also be made of wood, metal or plastic slats as in Venetian blinds or Boston blinds. SEE ROMAN SHADES

BATISTE

a sheer fine fabric usually made of cotton with lengthwise. May also be made of wool or silk where resembles mull and is called batiste De sole can be made of rayon and decorated with woven stripes and Jacquard floral.

BARGE

a sheer gauzelike fabric made of wool combined with cotton, silk and other fibers.

BOBBINET

a sheer meshlike curtain fabric

BEDSIDE CUPBOARD

a small 18th century unit that usually contained a chamber pot. Also called a pot cupboard.

BEAD FLUSH

a small almost circular applied molding that runs completely around a panel.

BEAD

a small cylindrical molding craved to resembles a continuous string of pearls or beads.

BED MOLDING

a small molding or series of moldings placed under a projection as under the corona of a cornice.

BALLOON CHAIR

a small scaled armless chair popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These typically had an arcaded back filled with delicate spindles and had turned wooden legs. they were often finished in a gold color with an applied red velvet.

BISTRO TABLE

a small table 28 inches to 30 inches in diameter or less, with a slender upright pedestal that ends in a weighted based. The top may be ,marble, metal, or plastic laminate. Common in French cafes.

BALL LEG TIP

a small, ball-shaped foot with with a cup or ferule usually made of brass. It fits over the end of a chair or table leg.

BOBECHE

a socket with a wide rim for candle or an electric bulb. originally used to batch electric bulb originally used to catch was drippings, today is it used as a decorative on which to hook prisms and crystals.

BEDFORD CORD

a strong durable rib weave fabric with raised lengthwise produced by warpwise stuffing threads. May be made of wool silk, cotton, rayon or a combination of theses fabrics. Used for upholstery and similar to applique. Originally woven in new Bedford Massachusetts.

BEE

a stylized bee was the personal emblem of Napoleon along with laurel wreaths the letter N starts and eagles it was popular motif of the French Empire period. It has been suggested that the resemblance between bee and Bourbon symbol into the Napoleonic symbols symbol when Bonaparte became Emperor. In Rome the bee is a symbol of the Barberini Family

BLACKWORK

a technique embroidery of the English Tudor period (16th century) in which patterns were picked out in black and silver thread; these designs inspired many printed linings and wallpapers, Such embroidery became popular again at the end of the Elizabethan reign after 1603.

BASKETWEAVE

a textile woven with large similar sized warps and wefts. The weft crosses over alternate warp threads creating an effect like a woven reed basket. Used to make homespun and monk's cloth an inlay technique that simulates the woven quality of a basket.

BEMBERG

a trademark name for rayon thread and yarns made by the American Bemberg Company, using a cuprammonium process.

BARCLITE

a trademark name for the rigid fiberglass panels made by the Barclite Corporation of American. The Panels are translucent and patterned with embedded fabrics foliage etc. Depending upon their gauge, the panels can e rigid enough for a variety of uses room dividers sliding doors cabinet inserts dropped ceilings and skylights.

BOBOTE

a tropical hardwood

BALL FOOT

a turned furniture support of a spherical or nearly spherical shape with narrow disc - like pad at its base, used extensively in 17th century flemish and english furniture. Similar to a bun foot or flemish foor.

BALUSTER

a turned spindle column that support a railing and is part of a balustrade. a baluster may also serve as a stretcher between chair legs or as part of a chair back. Commonly an elongated urn or vase shape. Split or half balusters were a favorite applied ornament in English restoration furniture also called as banister.

BILLET

a type of Norman ornament that consisted of short cylinder and block in 18th century furniture. Inlaid billet banding was used for decoration around cabinet drawers and doors.

BANDED COLUMN

a vertical support that has a lower drum of a larger diameter than the shaft itself. this bottom drum may be more richly decorated than the rest of the shaft. Popular in the french renaissance period.

BIDET

a washing unit a container for 1 basin often associated with feminine hygiene

BAY WINDOW

a window that projects outward from the perpendicular wall surface of a building.

BLACKWOOD

a wood similar to acacia and native to Australia and Tamania. Hardwood painted or stained to look like ebony, frequently used by John Belter in his American Victorian furniture. ACACIA

BALL AND STEEPLE FINIAL

a wood turning popular in the 18th century american furniture. the lowest element if the finial was a sphere surmounted by a series of rings of graduated sizes which resulted in a tapered peak.

BAYWOOD

a wood with fine markings, lighter in color and softer than cuban or spanish mahogany. A desirable veneer wood. aka HONDURAS mahogany.

BLISTER

a wood-grain effect produced by the uneven contour of the annual ring growth. It presents a bumpy figure also called a quilted figure this figuration often appears in maple, cedar and mahogany.

BAMBOO

a woody tropical plant used for furniture and ornament that is biologically a grass. Its distinctive nodulalook became popular in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries as part of the Chinese influence on European design.

BIM

acronym for building information moderling

BIRD'S-EYE PERSPECTIVE

aerial view of an interior or of architecture that enables the designers to present a panoramic view.

BED STEPS

an 18th century English and american device for getting in and out of high beds. The steps were often incorporated into other pieces of bedroom furniture sometimes with a chamber pot.

BARBER'S CHAIR

an 18th century English corner or writing seat. A headrest was sometimes perched over the semicircular top rail. Sometimes the headrest was continuous broad splat that extended up from that seat frame and was supported by the arms. SEE TRIANGLE SEAT

BENGE

an African wood rich brown with tan or darker brown markings with hard texture and strong contrasting figure.

BANNER SCREEN

an adjustable vertical panel that stands in front of a fireplace and protects objects and people from airborne embers. In the mid-18th century, it became a popular accessory and the banner or shield was often made of tapestry or needle work. also called a pole screen because of vertical elements moved up and down a pole. some fire screens were made of carved mahongany.

BERGERE (FRENCH)

an all-upholstered low armchair, usually wit exposed wood frame and enclosed sides. Te upholstered arms are shorter than the length of the seat and a soft loose pillow rests on a fabric-covered seat. Introduced in the Louse XV period and popular in the Louse XVI period. Victorian are produced today.

BISECTED VAULT

an arch or ceiling vault with one impost only the crown adults the opposite wall. It resembles one quarter of a cylinder or half of a barrel vault.

BEAUVIS

an art factory that specialized in textiles and tapestries in France during Laius XIV reign. Francois Boucher during the period of Louis XV designed many tapes tries for the Beauvals Looms including the story of psyche. Toward the end of the 18th century. Beauvais started to produce pile rugs. The most popular beauvais motifs were love scenes and pastorals in soft pastles.

BED CHAIR

an early 18th century dutch innovation an armed char with a back that let down and hidden leg that unfolded to support the lowered back. The legs and the lowered arms came together to stabilize the center. The front rail was hinged so that the entire seat and back unit could come over and down. Often made of nut wood or maple inlaid with tulipwood, and styled with bandy legs and dutch fee. See also Chair Bed

BEAU BRUMMEL

an early 19th century Englishman dressing table with adjustable mirrors drawers shelves and candle stands named after a famous dandy during the time of George IV. Sheraton designed several units of this.

BIEDERMEIER

an early 19th century furniture and decoration style, An un-aristocratic simplified version of neoclassicism, but rendered homey and bourgeois with painted details in black and gold that simulate carving. The furniture was made largely arches, pediments, columns, Lyres, plumes and wreaths. The name of the style is derived from pap biedermeier pieces

BAT'S WING BRASSES

an early American hardware design that resembles a conventional silhouette of bat;s outstretched wings. used on handle plates and Escutcheons.

BEACH CLOTH

an imitation linen crash made of a light weight cotton warp and mohair (or cotton) filling. Often used for draperies in informal rooms.

BAUHAUS

an influential school of architecture art adn design in the Wiemar and and later at dessu, German during its short life (1919 to 1933), the Bauhaus declared that art and crafts were inseparable and craftsmanship was the driving force of design. Its leader opposed ornament and historic ism and felt passionately that design could solve social inequalities. Famous associates included Marianne brandt, marcel Bruer, Walter Gropuis, Johannes Itten, wassily Kandisnky, Paul Klee, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Lily Reich and Gunta Stolzl

BIOPHILIA

an innate love for the natural world a design approach with strong ties to nature

BEARING PARITION

an interior wall of one story or less in height that supports a load set on it from above in addition in supporting in own weight.

BLUEPRINT

an outdated method of creating copies in which a positive print of white contrasts with a blue paper background the negative is a translucent drawing usually of building or engineering details or plans.

BLACKLINE

an outdated method of making architectural copies that was considered in improvement over blue-prints because dark figures showed clearly on a white background. Predates

BANQUETTE

an upholstered bench

BELOW-GRADE

area or item set lower than the street level or ground level may be only a foot or two below or as much as one or more stories below ground level.

BASON STAND

basin stand

BEARER STRIP

bearing rail

BATTING

carded cotton prepared in sheet or rolls and used for stuffing lining or padding for quilts and upholstered pieces.

BENTO BOX / BENTO

compartmentalized sushi box that has inspired Japanese interior designer its organization and compactness.

BESPOKE

describes a commercial transaction that predates manufacturing in which individuals directly commissioned handmade furniture and other items.

BEDDING

describes types of textiles for example bedding quilt signifying the quilt destination and context of used furniture for sleeping on and its linens.

BENDAY

dots created by commercial printing processes that are sued to express shading. a method of adding tone to a printed image by imposing a field of dots or other patterns at a stage photographic reproduction process bendy dots appear in comics and in the work of artist Roy Lichtenstein.

BIO TECHNICAL DESIGN

ergonomic design

BLOCK PRINT

fabric printed by band using carved wood blocks or plates. The dye is rolled over the raised pattern on the block, which is then pressed down under pressure on the fabric. if a two-color design is desired, separated blocks are used. This technique was also used on early wallpapers and gilded leather tapestries.

BAST FIBERS

fibers obtained from stalk plants such as jutes flax and ramie. The stalks are retted (steeped in water to cause a weakening of the stalks) and decorated in which the hard outer covering is removed.

BAS RELIEF

french low profile figuration a form of sculpture in which the design is raised only slightly from the background.

BENTWOOD FURNITURE

furniture made of softened wood by steaming and ten molded into curved forms. The term often described the furniture made by Michael Thonet of Australia. beginning in 1857. Modern contour pieces by Eams and Aalto are created in a similar fashion.

BEVELED GLASS

glass with bevel made by grinding and polishing the edges of a piece of glass at an angle. Used mirror. doors leaded glass windows and other decorative applications.

BARIATRIC

healthcare sector focusing on obesity that requires redesign furniture patient rooms and equipment see luxe defth

BELVEDRE

in Italian renaissance architecture, the uppermost story of a building open on a several sides to allow for viewing the countryside and to let in cooling breezes. A lantern atop a building can also be called belvedre. A famous part of the Vatican with a proof pavilion.

BASEMENT

in classical and renaissance architecture, a story below the main level of a building, not necessarily below ground level. In Contemporary usage, the basement is a story partially or entirely below ground level.

BIRD'S SUPPORT

in early american furniture the double-block construction that resembled a cage's outline and made it possible for the tilt top table to rotate and tilt in another styles such as 17th century English turned colonnettes constituted the birdcages.

BAREFACED TENON JOINT

in furniture and cabinet joinery a tongue that is flush on only one side of a board and set into grooved piece of wood. Also called a groove and rabbet Joint.

BANISTER

in furniture usually the split turned splits that make up a banister back chair of the late 17th century see baluster.

BLIND HEADER

in masonry a hidden brick header inside a wall

BAT

in masonry a part of a brick. A half bat is half of a brick

BAROMETER CASES

in the 18th century usually elegant mahogany storage units banded with satinwood or boxwood and topped with a broken or swan's neck pediment. A circular mirror in a reeded frame often surmounted the dial. The banjo type was formed by a wide circular dial topped by a bulbos supper part. Adam and Chippendale designed many beautiful cases for this popular accessory

BLIND STICHING

in upholstery, a method of sewing in a particular area of a couch or chair that is eventually covered and becomes impossible to reach. The hidden or blind area is sewn first from the back then the flap is put into place and finished off by sewing or tacking from the front.

BEAD CURTAINS

individual strings of beads glass wood plastic ceramic bamboo etc. hung together to form a curtain over a window opening or arch may serve as a semitransparent room divider. originally an eastern of near eastern device.

BALL TURNING

knob turning

BAR TRACERY

late gothic fret work in which that stone was cut into bars and arranged in a variety of geometric patterns a refinement from plate tracery

BOBBIN TURNING

legs and stretchers made on a lathe with bobbin like swellings. This styles was popular in the early 17th century. In the late 18th century Windsor chair, this type of turning was sometimes used for stretchers.

BLOND WOOD

light beige-toned natural materials such as primavera avodire, aspen, holly, birch and bleached mahogany and walnut. Also refers to wood clouded with a white pigment or open grains filled in with white pigments to achieve a light look.

BEAUX ARTS

literally the fine arts painting sculpture and architecture refers to the Parisian school a modern design method that was electic, urban and complex symmetry was important as was the plan as the generator of a design.

BANK

long Gothic bench

BENDED BACK CHAIR

name that is sometimes mistakenly given to a hogarth chair because of its case-shaped splat

BLOCK FLOORING

parquet

BISQUE

pottery that has been fired once and has no glazed or a very thin one. Dull in color, depending upon the clay. Bisque also refer to white, unglazed porcelain figurative and groups, made at sevres in France during the latter part of the 18th century also called BISCUIT

BAR FOOT

runner foot

BARRIER FREE DESIGN

see accessible design

BENCH TABLE

see settle

BASIN STAND

small Chippendale and Hepplewhite 18th century washstand, designed to hold a minute handbasin.

BARTIZAN

small castle-like turrets that protrude from a wall. Their initial purpose was for defense.

BENCHING

space-planning strategy for commercial space in which, off-site workers in the office, sit at a long continuous undifferentiated work surface. Typically with little storage or privacy. This alternative to a traditional office results in a smaller real estate footprint.

BAROQUE

the baroque period in architecture, painting and sculpture in the 17th and 18th centuries created an overwhelming and direct appeal to the senses of the beholder. A blend of illusion-ism, light color, and movement, it was a new approach for classic art, it was characterized by large scale, bold details sweeping curves and a wealth of ornament. It was period of religious emotionalism.

BASE WOOD

the basic construction wood or carcass of a piece of furniture which is veneered with a more costly or more beautiful grained wood. Oak and beech are often used as base wood in European furniture whereas native softwood are used in united states. Also called carcass.

BELL (OF A CAPITAL)(a.k.a. bell turning)

the body of the capital between the necking and the abacus.

BEVEL

the edge of a flat surface that has been cut on an angle.

BEDSTEAD

the frame or piece of furniture for sleeping without the mattress or bedding. The supporting frame work of a mattress.

BEARING RAIL

the horizontal carrying member for a drawer in table or cabinet. also called a bearer strip.

BASEBOARD

the horizontal piece of milled lumber placed at the bottom of the wall and resting directly on the floor usually trimmed with moldings.

BATTER

the inclination of the face of a wall.

BASS

the lower part of a 17th century English or french bed the elaborate fabric treatment that covers the bass today called the dust ruffle.

BEL ETAGE

the main story of a building usually containing a salons and reception rooms. Most often the 1st story above the ground level. See Piano Noble

BEAUFAIT

the original spelling of buffet.

BLEACHING

the process that removes natural and artificial impurities in fabrics, to achieve a pure white for even dyeing or printing. The results vary with the fiber content of the fabric. Bleaching occurs by exposure to air, light or chlorine. Open textured woods can be chemically bleached to lighter tones. Blind walnut and mahogany are typical bleached woods.

BOASTING

the rough shaping of a stone by a carver or sculptor before the finished sculptural or architectural details are accomplished.

BLEEDING

the running off or blending together of excess dye from dyed fabric during washing. In printing wallpaper and fabrics the color or pigments spreads out beyond the actual printed designs, usually in the SELVAGE.

BASE

the series of moldings at the bottom of column shaft that helps to distribute the weight. In sculpture the weight. In sculpture. the base can be any-block or molding at the bottom of piece. In case furniture, the base is the lowest supporting part.

BAY

the space between columns or supports or the compartment in a structure that is separated from the rest of the building by an arch buttress or vaulting. A bay is also called a severy. An organizational division of a facade of a building interior or piece of furniture.

BLUNT ARROW LEG

the support of an 18th century american Windsor chair, which ends in a ball like tip. It resembles a used and therefore blunted practice arrow.

BIBELTOS

trinkets or knickknacks, small art objects such as paintings, sculptures, snuffboxes etc. created for personal use of as decorations.

BLAC DE PLOMB

white lead used in paint of interior panelling and furniture. Some Louis VX furniture ordered for the Petit Trianon was originally white, but dust and time grayed the furniture down to Gris Trianon a soft gray color.

BALLOON SHADE

window covering composed of textile that forms ballon like poufs when raised.

BALLOON CURTAINS

window coverings of pouffy, billowing panels of fabric shirred or gathered at regular intervals. The area between the gathers out to exaggerate the fullness.

BAMBOO TURNED

wood lathe work that simulated the nodular or joined look of natural bamboo, favored in the late 18th and early 19th centuries for furniture.

BASE RAIL

wood trim at the bottom edge and above the legs of a chair or sofa. Also the wood trim at the bottom edge of a dresser chest or other case piece it lies directly above the legs or flush with floor.