shoulder complex questions

Scapular plane abduction with internal rotation is also known as "_____ _____"

"empty can"

What is the horizontal extension (abduction) ROM of the glenohumeral joint?

0-45 degrees

Name all of the scapulothoracic muscles

1. upper trapezius 2. middle trapezius 3. lower trapezius 4. levator scapulae 5. rhomboids major and minor 6. pectoralis minor 7. serratus anterior

In sternoclavicular osteokinematics, what is the maximal angle of protraction of the clavicle?

15 degrees

The glenoid is approximately _____ long and ____ cm wide

4 cm 2-3 cm

In sternoclavicular osteokinematics, what is the maximal angle of elevation of the clavicle?

45 degrees

During maximal humeral elevation, the scapula normally upwardly rotates ___ to ___ degrees, posteriorly tilts ___ to ___ degrees, and medially rotates ___ to ___ degrees

45-60 20-40 15-35

The medial border is parallel to and approximately _______ from the thoracic spine

5 cm (2 inches)

Open-packed position of the glenohumeral joint?

55 degrees shoulder abduction and 30 degrees horizontal adduction

What motions is the SGHL capable of resisting?

External rotation Inferior and anterior translations of the humeral head

glenohumeral capsular pattern?

External rotation is most limited, followed by lesser limitations in abduction and internal rotation, respectively ER, ABD, IR

T or F: Glenohumeral IR in the "empty can" during humeral elevation decreases the subacromial impingement risk because of the increased subacromial space that occurs.

False

T or F: The scapulothoracic joint is a true synovial joint

False

T or F: Scapular plane abduction with internal rotation reports higher supraspinatus activity compared scapular plane abduction with external rotation.

False (both show similar activity)

As the deltoid contracts, it attempts to translate the humeral head superiorly. To counteract, which group of muscles produce a "downward and in" force vector to prevent the humeral head from impinging the subacromial space?

Rotator cuff muscles (specifically infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor)

The superior angle of the scapula is approximately horizontal to ___ vertebrae while the inferior angle is horizontal to ___ vertebrae

T2 T7

The SGHL, MGHL, and IGHL blend in with the ______ capsule a. anterior b. posterior

a. anterior

A patient is dealing with a tight posterior capsule, what motion may be limited? a. glenohumeral internal rotation b. glenohumeral external rotation

a. glenohumeral internal rotation

Which of the following exercises has been shown to be a more optimal position for supraspinatus isolation? a. Scapular abduction with external rotation b. Scapular abduction with internal rotation

a. scapular abduction with external rotation

Which of the following exercise reports higher infraspinatus and subscapularis activity a. scapular plane abduction with external rotation b. scapular plane abduction with internal rotation

a. scapular plane abduction with external rotation

The capsule acts as ______ restraint to provide stability a. static b. dynamic

a. static

The labrum acts as _____ restraint to provide stability a. static b. dynamic

a. static

The ligaments act as ____ restraint to provide stability a. static b. dynamic

a. static

Posterior tilt of the scapula occurs as the inferior angle moves ______ the thorax a. towards b. away

a. towards

The resultant force of _______ _______ and __________ __________ produces pure shoulder abduction.

anterior deltoids posterior deltoids

In glenohumeral internal rotation, the humeral head rolls ___________ and slides ____________

anteriorly, posteriorly

In glenohumeral extension, the humeral head will slide ____________ and __________ a small amount

anteriorly, superiorly

The pear shaped glenoid fossa faces ____________ and __________.

anterolateral superior

Anterior tilt of the scapula occurs as the inferior angle moves _________ from the thorax a. towards b. away

b. away

Lateral rotation (ER, winging) of the scapula occurs as the medial border moves ______ from the thorax a. towards b. away

b. away

The rotator cuff muscles act as ___ restraint to provide stability a. static b. dynamic

b. dynamic

The superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL) and middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) provide greatest anterior stability at ______ a. 20 degrees abduction b. 10 degrees adduction c. 0 degrees abduction d. 90 degrees abduction

c. 0 degrees abduction

Only about ___ of the spherical shaped humeral is in contact with the glenoid fossa a. 5-10% b. 10-15% c. 25-30% d. 40-45%

c. 25-30%

As the clavicle elevates, the stretching of this ligament helps limit as well as stabilize the elevated position of the clavicle. a. interclavicular ligament b. anterior sternoclavicular ligament c. costoclavicular ligament d. all of the above

c. costoclavicular ligament

The resultant force of lower trapezius goes ______ and _______ a. up and in b. up and out c. down and in d. down and out

c. down and in

Which of the following muscles has a relatively low EMG activity in initial scapular upward rotation due to small moment arm but increases in EMG activity during arm abduction angles 90-155 degrees a. serratus anterior (lower fibers) b. upper trapezius c. lower trapezius

c. lower trapezius

The humerus is ____________ 30-40 degrees a. retroverted (anteriorly directed) b. introverted (anteriorly directed) c. retroverted (posteriorly directed) d. introverted (posteriorly directed)

c. retroverted (posteriorly directed)

In scapulothoracic osteokinematics, anteroposterior tilt occurs in the ___ plane a. scapular b. frontal c. sagittal d. transverse

c. sagittal

What are the three bones of the shoulder complex?

clavicle scapula humerus

The resultant force of __________ __________ __________ and __________ _________ __________ produce pure horizontal adduction.

clavicular pectoralis major sternal pectoralis major

The lateral 1/3rds of the clavicle is __________ anteriorly

concave

The subacromial space is formed primarily by the __________ ligament a. interclavicular b. acromioclavicular c. costoclavicular d. coracoacromial

d. coracoacromial

The resultant force of serratus anterior goes ______ and ________ a. up and in b. up and out c. down and in d. down and out

d. down and out

What ligament restrains posterior translation of the humeral head by moving up superiorly in 90 degrees abduction and internal rotation? a. SGHL b. MGHL c. anterior band of IGHL d. posterior band of IGHL

d. posterior band of IGHL

In shoulder external rotation, the humeral head rolls _________ and slides _______ on the glenoid fossa a. anteriorly, posteriorly b. posteriorly, posteriorly c. anteriorly, anteriorly d. posteriorly, anteriorly

d. posteriorly, anteriorly

In scapular retraction, the medial end of the clavicle rolls _____ and slides _____ a. anteriorly, posteriorly b. anteriorly, anteriorly c. posteriorly, anteriorly d. posteriorly, posteriorly

d. posteriorly, posteriorly

In scapulothoracic osteokinematics, lateral rotation (ER, winging) and medial rotation (IR) occur in __________ plane a. scapular b. frontal c. sagittal d. transverse

d. transverse

In scapulothoracic osteokinematics, protraction and retraction occur in the ____ plane a. scapular b. frontal c. sagittal d. transverse

d. transverse

As a patient performs shoulder depression, the medial end of the clavicle rolls __________ and slides ___________.

inferiorly superiorly

Close-packed position of the glenohumeral joint?

maximal shoulder abduction and external rotation

Force vector composition of ___________ and ____________ produce pure scapular retraction (adduction).

rhomboids lower trapezius

What is the one functional articulation of the shoulder complex?

scapulothoracic

As an patient performs shoulder elevation, the medial end of the clavicle rolls _________ and slides __________.

superiorly inferiorly

Scapular plane abduction with external rotation is also known as "______ _______"

"full can"

Disregarding scapula rotation, what is the adduction range of motion of the glenohumeral joint?

0

Disregarding scapula rotation, what is the abduction range of motion of the glenohumeral joint?

0-120 degrees (0-180 deg. including scapula rotation)

Disregarding scapula rotation, what is the flexion range of motion of the glenohumeral joint?

0-120 degrees (0-180 deg. including scapula rotation)

What is the horizontal flexion (adduction) ROM of the glenohumeral joint?

0-135 degrees

Disregarding scapula rotation, what is the extension range of motion of the glenohumeral joint?

0-20 degrees (0-60 deg. including scapula rotation)

What is the internal (medial) rotation ROM of the glenohumeral joint?

0-70 degrees

What is the external (lateral) rotation ROM of the glenohumeral joint?

0-90 degrees

In sternoclavicular osteokinematics, what is the maximal angle of retraction of the clavicle?

15 degrees

What is the ratio between glenohumeral abduction and scapular upward rotation?

2:1 (120 deg glenohumeral abduction to 60 scapular upward rotation)

In sternoclavicular osteokinematics, what is the range of the posterior rotation of the clavicle?

30-50 degrees

In sternoclavicular osteokinematics, what is the maximal angle of depression of the clavicle?

5 degrees

If a physical therapist is trying to detect a torn supraspinatus and she is trying to elicit pain, which of the following exercise should the PT perform? a. "empty can" b. "full can" c. Both a and b

a. "empty can"

Scapular external rotation (winging) and scapular anterior tilt are greater in _____ _____ compared to the _____ _____ a. "empty can", "full can" b. "full can", "empty can"

a. "empty can", "full can"

Medial rotation (internal rotation) occurs as the medial border moves __________ the thorax a. towards b. away

a. towards

The anterior and posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) are connected by a sheet of tissue known as the _________________

axillary pouch

The width of the subacromial space is approximately __ cm a. 0.3 cm b. 1 cm c. 2 cm d. 4 cm

b. 1 cm

The scapula is tilted approximately ____ degrees relative to the thorax in anteroposterior direction a. 5 degrees b. 20 degrees c. 35 degrees d. 60 degrees

b. 20 degrees

The glenohumeral joint is the articulation between the ____ humeral head and _____ glenoid fossa a. concave, convex b. convex, concave

b. convex, concave

Scapular external rotation (winging) and scapular anterior tilt ________ subacromial space and ______ impingement risk a. increase, decrease b. decrease, increase

b. decrease, increase

In scapulothoracic osteokinematics, elevation and depression occur in the _____ plane a. scapular b. frontal c. sagittal d. transverse

b. frontal

In scapulothoracic osteokinematics, upward and downward rotation occur in _____ plane a. scapular b. frontal c. sagittal d. transverse

b. frontal

A patient is dealing with a tight anterior capsule, what motion may be limited? a. glenohumeral internal rotation b. glenohumeral external rotation

b. glenohumeral external rotation

The approximate instantaneous axis of rotation during late shoulder abduction shifts _______ on the scapula a. medially b. laterally

b. laterally

The orientation of the scapula is deviated about 30-40 degrees anterior to the frontal plane. This is referred to as __________ plane a. dorsal b. scapular c. acromial d. coracoid

b. scapular

Which of the following exercise reports higher posterior deltoid activity? a. scapular plane abduction with external rotation b. scapular plane abduction with internal rotation

b. scapular plane abduction with internal rotation

In shoulder abduction, the humeral head rolls _________ and slides _________ on the glenoid fossa a. inferiorly, superiorly b. superiorly, inferiorly c. inferiorly, inferiorly d. superiorly, superiorly

b. superiorly, inferiorly

The normal angle of inclination of the humerus is approximately ____ degrees a. 20 degrees b. 30 degrees c. 45 degrees d. 60 degrees

c. 45 degrees

What ligament restrains anterior translation of humeral head by moving up superiorly in 90 degrees abduction and external rotation? a. SGHL b. MGHL c. anterior band of IGHL d. posterior band of IGHL

c. anterior band of IGHL

In sternoclavicular retraction, _________________ and ________________ are stretched while _________________ is slackened a. posterior capsule ligament and anterior capsule ligament, costoclavicular ligament b. posterior capsule ligament and costoclavicular ligament, anterior capsule ligament c. anterior capsule ligament and costoclavicular ligament, posterior capsule ligament

c. anterior capsule ligament and costoclavicular ligament, posterior capsule ligament

A patient dealing with subacromial impingement should perform _________ __________ abduction compared to frontal plane abduction as _________ __________ abduction allows a better fit of the retroverted head into the glenoid fossa while also not impinging on the contents of the subacromial space (same word in both blanks) a. sagittal plane b. transverse plane c. scapular plane

c. scapular plane

The clavicular facet of the sternum is ____ along its longitudinal diameter while it is _____ along its transverse diameter.

concave convex

The medial 2/3rds of the clavicle is ___________ anteriorly

convex

The medial end of the clavicle is __________ along its longitudinal diameter while it is ___________ along its transverse diameter.

convex concave

The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) provides greatest anterior stability at ___________ a. 20 degrees abduction b. 10 degrees adduction c. 0 degrees abduction d. 90 degrees abduction

d. 90 degrees abduction

As the clavicle depresses, the stretching of this capsule/ligament helps limit as well stabilize the depressed position of the clavicle. a. superior capsule b. interclavicular ligament c. costoclavicular ligament d. both a and b e. all of the above

d. both a and b

What motion does the long head of the biceps resist? a. posterior translation of the humeral head b. superior translation of the humeral head c. anterior translation of the humeral head d. both c and d e. none of the above

d. both b and c (pg. 138)

What nerve is affected if a patient is weak in scapular protraction and scapular upward rotation?

long thoracic nerve palsy

What muscles work synergistically to elevate the trunk when arm and scapulae are stabilized?

lower trapezius latissimus dorsi pectoralis minor subclavius

When joint mobilization is used to try to enhance medial rotation ROM, the direction of the joint glides would be in the __________ direction

posterior (glides same direction as slide)

In glenohumeral external rotation, the humeral head rolls ___________ and slides ___________

posteriorly, anteriorly

In glenohumeral flexion, the humeral head will slide ___________ and ____________ a small amount

posteriorly, inferiorly

This particular muscle helps stabilize the medial border and inferior angle of the scapula in scapular upward rotation, preventing scapular lateral rotation (winging) and anterior tilt.

serratus anterior

What three muscles cause scapular upward rotation?

serratus anterior upper trapezius lower trapezius

What are the three anatomical joints of the shoulder complex?

sternoclavicular acromioclavicular glenohumeral

What three things pass through the subacromial space?

supraspinatus long head of biceps tendon subacromial bursa

Other than capsule, ligaments, labrum, what other two things provides static restraint to provide stability?

synovial fluid negative intra-articular pressure