Sixth Grade Science - Minerals
List Mohs minerals in order
1 talc 6 feldspar 2 gypsum 7 quartz 3 calcite 8 topaz 4 fluoride 9 corundoum 5 apatite 10 diamond
Some minerals have a hardness range instead of a harness value because atoms are _______ in _______ directions in their crystal structure
arranged differently different
product in which titanium is used
automobiles aircraft
qualities of a stone that make it a gemstone
beauty rarity
The way a mineral ________ can be a distinguishing characteristic
breaks
Gems and gemstones are ______ and _____ and ______ than common samples of that mineral
clearer brighter more colorful
Minerals with _______ break along smooth flat surfaces
cleavage
Sometimes vein mineral deposits fill in the empty spaces after a rock _______
collapses
_____ and _______ are two obvious clues that can help you identify minerals
color appeance
mineral groups are defined by their ______
composition
As magna cools its atoms lose heat energy, move together, and begin to combine into ________
compounds
A _____ is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in orderly repeating patterns
crystal
solid with atoms arranged in orderly repeating patterns
crystal
Sometime a gems has a __________ that allows it to be cut and polished to a higher quality than that of a non-gem material
crystal structure
A _______ is a group crystals with similar ______ which gives them __________
crystal systems atomic arrangement similar external crystal shapes
______ means that atoms are arranged in a pattern that is _______ over and over again
crystalline repeated
When water evaporates ions that are left behind can form ________.
crystals
a salt crystal is _____ in shape
cubic
____ are the hardest minerals
diamond
_____ is the hardest mineral with a value of 10
diamond
Crystals can form from solutions with or without ________
evaporation
A diamond can only be scratched by another diamond and they cannot be broken
false
All solids are minerals but not all minerals are solid
false
Color and appearance are enough to distinguish most minerals
false
Hardness is expressed as a number, but specific gravity is not.
false
Specific gravity is expressed as a number, but hardness is not.
false
Metallic elements dissolve into ______
fluids
naturally occurring
formed by processes on or inside Earth with no input from humans
Minerals with _______ break with uneven rough or jagged surfaces
fracture
_____ and _____ are highly prized minerals because they rare and beautiful
gems gemstones
_______ are perhaps the best known use of minerals but they are not the mot important
gemstones
Nonmetallic lusters can be dull pearly silky and ________
glassy
one of the softest minerals is
graphite
A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
hardness
_______ is sometimes used to describe how heavy a mineral feels
heft
Irons ore is _________
hematite
Two famous gems as diamond
hope and cullian
Some properties to study to identify minerals other than color and appearance are
how hard it is how it breaks its color when crushed into a powder
The type and size mineral that forms is determined by ____________
how rapidly the magma cools
Gems have ________ applications in abrasives lasers and electronics
industrial
not made by life processed
inorganic
If too much of a substance is dissolved in water ______ can come together and crystals of that substance can begin to form in the solution without evaporation
ions
______ is used in everything from frying pans to ships
iron
when magma cools slowly _______
large crystals form
Some minerals have unique properties that involve ______ or magnetism
light
properties that make titanium useful for tennis rackets and wheelchairs
lightness and durability
The way a minerals reflects light is ______
luster
some crystals form from _____ hot melted rock below the Earths surface
magma
_______ is hot melted rock material
magna
Crystals form from ______ and _______
magna and solutions
Luster can be ______ or nonmetallic
metallic
Minerals with _________ shine like metal
metallic luster
Streak is more useful for mineral identification than is __________
mineral color
_________can help you ______ minerals
mineral properties recognize
When a mineral does not shine like metal its luster is _________
nonmetallic
As the magma cooling process continues atoms of the different compounds arrange themselves into ________
orderly repeating patterns
A mineral or rock is an _____ if I contains a useful substance that can be mined at a profit
ore
An _____ is a mineral or rock containing a substance that can be mined for profit
ore
8 most common elements that are found in the Earths crust and mostly make up the most common minerals
oxygen silicon aluminum Iron calcium Sodium Potassium magnesium
______ are used in electronics and watches
quarts crystals
gems
rare and beautiful minerals that are highly prized
Elements must be _____ or purified from ores
refined
_______ are used to produce special laser lights
rubies
____ are minerals containing silicon oxygen and one or more other elements
silicates
silicates contain _______ oxygen and one or more other elements they include most common rock forming minerals
silicon
the two most abundant elements in Earth's crust; they form the building block of many minerals
silicon and oxygen
______ is when substance is melted to separate it from any unwanted materials that may remain
smelting
More than 200 years ago the _______ ______ surface on crystals led scientists to believe that minerals had an ______ structure inside
smooth flat orderly
crystals can form from ______ as water evaporates or too much of a substance is dissolve in water
solutions
The ________ test is useful only for mineral softer than the _______ plate
streak streak
Most industrial diamond and other gems are _______
synthetic
______ means man made
synthetic
_____ is the softest mineral with a value of one
talc
crystals may be cubic monoclinic and ______
teragonal
Rock forming minerals groups other than two most common are (3)
Feldspan Quarts Calcite
_______ is the measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched;
Hardness
_____and _______ are common in rocks that form when magma cools and solidifies
Illemite rutile
______ is a durable lightweight metallic element derived from minerals that contain the metal in their crystal structure
titanium
______ is a useful element derived fron the minerals ilmenite and rutile
titanium
A diamond can only be scratched by another diamond but they can be broken
true
Both hardness and specific gravity are expressed as a number.
true
Minerals can be distinguished by comparing the weight of equal sized samples
true
Only a solid can be a mineral but not all solids are minerals
true
Some minerals have a hardness range rather than a single hardness value
true
Gems are beautiful but they are also ______
useful
qualities of a mineral that classify it as ore
usefulness, profitability
Some elements dissolve in fluids travel through weaknesses in rocks an in those weaknesses form mineral deposits called _____ mineral deposits
vain
Most gems are special _____ of a particular mineral
varieties
Dissolved metallic elements travel through cracks in rocks and form _______
vein mineral deposits
the ______ scale compares minerals hardness
Mohs
4 characteristics of minerals
Naturally occurring Inorganic Element or compound with a definite chemical composition Orderly arrangement of atoms; all minerals are crystalline solids
________ is often called fools gold
Pyrite
Two minerals that are sources of the element titanium are _______ and _______
Rutile Illemite
_____ and ____ are the two most common group of rock forming minerals
Silicates carbonate
when magna cools rapidly _______
Small crystals Form
_________ is the ratio of a minerals weight to the weight of an equal volume of water expressed as a number
Specific gravity
__________ is the color of a mineral in powdered form
Streak
How many minerals are in the Mohs scale
10
Mohs scale was developed in _______ by __________ to compare the hardness of minerals
1824 Fredrick Mohs
There are _______ different minerals on Earth
4,000
ilmenite rutile mined for ________
Titanium
