Skeletal

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The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. 1. Myosin cross bridges bind to Acton. 2. The free myosin head splits ATP 3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere 5. Calcium ion binds to troponin 6.The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the Acton. The correct sequence of these events is

3,5,1,4,6,2

The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. 1.Myosin cross-bridges bind to the Acton. 2. The free myosin head splits ATP. 3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere. 5. Calcium ion binds to troponin 6. The myosin head binds and ATP molecule and detaches from the Actin. The correct sequence of these events is.

3,5,1,4,6,2

Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep

6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3

Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep: 1. Muscle fiber 2.perimysium 3.myofibril 4.fascicle 5.endomysium 6.epimysium

6,2,4,5,1,3

Homeostatic blood calcium levels should range from __________.

9 to 11 milligrams per 100 milliliters

A fascicle is

A group of muscle fibers that are encased in the perimysium

A motor neuron along with all the muscle fibers it's supplies is called

A motor unit

The thin myofilaments of skeletal muscles are composed chiefly of

Actin

During the recovery period the body's need for oxygen is increased because

Additional oxygen is required to restore energy reserves consume during exercise

Which of the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is NOT true

All bone surfaces in the body are covered by the periosteum

In Rigor Mortis

All of the Answers are correct

Bone structure is determined by which of the following

All of the above

Joints can be classified structurally as

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is a function of skeletal muscle

All of the answers are correct.

Synarthrotic joints ________.

Are immovable joints

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous is ossification

Both the roof of the skull and the clavicle

Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of

Calcium

Bones serve as an important reservoir of

Calcium

Which of the following does not occur during skeletal muscle contraction

Calcium binds to myosin heads.

Which of the following event occurs first

Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

The muscles surrounding the eyes and the mouth are classified as

Circular

The periosteum

Covers the outside of bones

The ligaments that limit the anterior posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the________ Ligaments

Cruciate

The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the______ ligaments

Cruciate

Which of the following cells and their functions are correctly matched

Dendritic cells activate the immune system

Which of the following statements is false?

During contraction, thin filaments slide past thick filaments so that actin and myosin filaments do not overlap.

The main nerves and blood vessels supplying the individual muscle fibers are contained within and branch through which of the following? A) epimysium B) endomysium C) perimysium D) the myoblasts E) a and c

Epimysium and perimysium

Mary is 50 years old and has osteoporosis her physician suggests hormone therapy what hormone is prescribed

Estrogen

Cells in the stratum corneum undergo mitosis to keep the layer thick and protective

False

Duchenne muscular dystrophy Is more common in females than males T/F

False

In newborn infants, the medullary cavity in all areas of spongy bone contain yellow bone marrow t/f

False

Muscle cells initiate nerve impulses. T/F

False

Muscle contraction will always promote movement of body parts regardless of how they are attached T/F

False

Red marrow can convert to yellow marrow if a person is anemic and more red blood cells are needed by the body T/F

False

Short irregular and flat bones have the Medullary cavities in order to reduce their weight T/F

False

Short, irregular, and flat bones have medullary Cavities in order to reduce their weight T/F

False

The protein found in large amounts in the outer most layer of the epidermal cells is collagen T/F

False

Fast glycolytic muscle fibers

Fatigues quickly

Which of the following statements about smooth muscle is true

Fibers are small and spindle-shaped.

Dorsiflexion involves _______ at the ankle joint and_________ of the foot

Flexion; elevation of the sole

intramembranous ossification

Forms cranial bones

Fast fibers

Have low resistance to fatigue and have quick twitches

At the end of secondary ossification, hyaline Cartlidge can be found

In the Epiphyseal plates

Growth of Cartlidge in which chondrocytes within the matrix proliferate is known as

Interstitial growth

Which of the following are not composed of hyaline Cartledge

Intervertebral disc's

A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the soul inward, termed

Inversion

Myoglobin

Is an oxygen storage molecules

The type of muscle contraction in which the muscle fibers produce increased tension although the muscle neither shortens or lengthens

Isometric

Which of the following is not a characteristic of skeletal muscle contraction

It can contract for long periods of time without tiring.

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid

It contains hyaluronic acid.

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?

It contains hyaluronic acid.

What does the name flexor carpi radialis most likely mean

It is a lateral forearm muscle that bends the wrist

Which of the following characteristics of skeletal Cartlidge limits its thickness

It is a vascular and receives most of its nourishment from the Periochondrium of that surround it

Which of the following is not a characteristic of articular cartilage

It secretes synovial fluid.

Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period During which the neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, diffuses across the synaptic cleft, and binds to its receptor's

Latent

Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the_________ period During which the neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, diffuses across the synaptic cleft, and binds to its receptor's

Latent

A word in a muscle name that indicates it is a large muscle might be

Magnus

Fast oxidative muscle fibers

Moderately fatigued resistant

The hip joint is a good example of an____synovial joint

Multiaxial

Which of the following is present in muscle cells but absent in most other cell types

Muscle cells have myoglobin; most other cells do not.

Which of the following is thought to be an autoimmune disease of acetylcholine receptor's

Myasthenia gravis

In the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, the myofilaments slide over each other, resulting in the overlapping of Acton and

Myosin

Interstitial growth _________

Occurs when the lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the Cartlidge from within

Which of the following is false regarding smooth muscle

Once damaged, smooth muscle is unable to regenerate.

Parathyroid hormone stimulates__________ activity

Osteoclasts

A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass efficient to compromise normal function is

Osteoporosis

Which of the following works with calcitrol to maintain bone homeostasis?

Parathyroid hormone

When Ca 2+ Concentration in the blood becomes lower than normal

Parathyroid hormone is released

Which of the following structures anchors the periosteum to the underlining bone

Perforating fibers

Skeletal Muscle produces body movement as well as maintains our________ as we sit

Posture

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are

Rare because of the socket depth and ligament reinforcement

The refractory period in which the muscles will not contract of stimulated occurs during

Repolarization of the muscle cell

If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?

Rickets

Which of the following statements is incorrect

Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart.

Choose the true statement.

Smooth muscle depends on the calcium-calmodulin system to regulate contraction, while skeletal muscle relies on the calcium-troponin system to regulate contraction.

The sella turcica is part of the________ bone and houses the _______ gland

Sphenoid; pituitary

How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?

The bone would be more flexible.

What would occur if a contracting muscle became totally Depleted of ATP

The muscle would remain in a contracted state because of an inability to break actin-myosin cross bridges.

During the phase of excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscles, what occurs immediately after the action potential spreads down the T tubule

The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements

They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.

The twisting of a long bone is prevented by which of the following

circumferential lamellae

Organic components of the matrix of bone include

collagen fibers

A patient is brought to the emergency room with a broken bone. According to the x-ray, the bone is fragmented into three pieces. This would be considered a

comminuted fracture

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system

communication

The two types of osseous tissue are __________.

compact bone and spongy bone

When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly at a high rate, the amount of tension gradually increases to a steady maximum tension. This is called

complete tetanus

The radiocarpal joint is a

condyloid joint

All of the following terms refer to the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus except

contractility

Isometric contractions produce

contractions

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Which of the following is not a property of synovial joints

covered by a serous membrane

An extension past the anatomical position is known as

hyperextension

The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the

hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?

in the axillary and anogenital area

Heat energy produced from muscle contraction is released by the ________ system.

integumentary

Lengthwise long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through

interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid

decrease friction within joint

The hormone calcitonin functions to

decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood

What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?

decreased epiphyseal plate activity

Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called

dermal papillae

A fracture in the shaft of a bone Would occur in the

diaphysis

The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called

joint capsule

Which of the following substances increases in quantity during repetitive muscle contraction during oxygen deficit

lactic acid

The space occupied by an osteocyte is called a

lacuna

Found outside or inside a joint capsule, structures that join bone to bone are called

ligaments

The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone.

long

When the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced by bone, __________.

long bones have reached their adult length

The muscle weakness of myasthenia gravis results from

loss of acetylcholine receptors in the end-plate membrane.

Which of the following is a canal like passageway allowing vasculature and nerves to move through the bone

meatus

Fat is stored within the

medullary cavity

In an adult, yellow marrow is located in the

medullary cavity of the diaphysis

The Epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the

metaphysis

The epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the

metaphysis

The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the

metaphysis

When acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate, the end plate membrane becomes

more permeable to sodium ions

During activities requiring aerobic endurance

most of the muscle's energy is produced in mitochondria.

Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the

motor end plate

The motor neuron releases its neurotransmitter on a special region of the sarcolemma called

motor end plate

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.

multiaxial

Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for

muscle contraction

In an isotonic contraction,

muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle lifts the load.

The Organelle(s) unique to muscle that give(s) it contractile capabilities is (are) the

myofibril

Muscle cells are made up of

myofibrils

The contractile units of the skeletal muscle are

myofibrils

The structures within the muscle fiber that shorten to cause skeletal muscle fiber contraction are the

myofibrils

Myofilament cross bridges form when which two structures bond?

myosin heads and globular actin

Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron at a single

neuromuscular junction

Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a neuron at a single

neuromuscular junction

Rigor mortis occurs because ________.

no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules

Hypothetically, if a muscle were stretched to the point where thick and thin filaments no longer overlapped, ________.

no muscle tension could be generated

The degenerative effects of osteoporosis are most likely to affect ________.

older women

The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissue is referred to as

ossification

The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissues is referred to as

ossification

Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called

osteoblasts

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

osteoclast

Bone is broken down by __________.

osteoclasts

In osseous tissue which of the following is able to break down bone

osteoclasts

In osseous tissue, which of the following is able to break down bone

osteoclasts

The cells that maintain mature compact bone are __________.

osteocytes

The lacunae of bone contain

osteocytes

The lacunae of osseous tissue contain

osteocytes

The most abundant cell type in bone is

osteocytes

What is the structural unit of compact bone

osteon

The structural unit of compact bone is

osteon or haversian system

Spongy bone contains all of the following except

osteons

Which type of cell divides readily after a bone is damaged

osteoprogenitor cell

Which type of cell divides readily after a bone is damaged?

osteoprogenitor cell

Bone forming cells originate from

osteoprogenitor cells

In relationship to the diaphysis of a long bone, the osteons are

parallel

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium into the bloodstream

parathyroid hormone

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped

patellar ligament

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

patellar ligament

All of the motor units of the muscle contracting at the maximal rate of stimulation causes the production of

peak tension

Muscle fibers can have various arrangements. The most powerful arrangement is called

pennate

The connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers is called

perimysium

The alternating contraction and relaxation of opposing layers smooth muscle is referred to as:

peristalsis

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum

perpendicular plate

The gliding motion of the wrist uses

plane joints

Ankle extension is also called

plantar flexion

Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes

plantar flexion

The cruciate ligaments of the knee

prevent hyperextension of the knee

In anatomical position, when the palm is moved to face posteriorly, the movement of the wrist and hand is called

pronation

Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane is called

protraction

Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________.

protraction

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to

provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

Collagen fibers do not

provide for bone hardness

Suppose that you try to pick up an object and discover that it is much heavier than you expected. Which process must occur in the muscle to increase tension so you can pick up the object

recruitment

The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to

regulate intracellular calcium concentration

Functions of the skin include

regulating body temperature

slow oxidative muscle fibers

resist fatigue and contain large amounts of myoglobin

A lack of exercise could

result in porous and weak bones

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.

reticular

Which of the following bones belong to the axial skeleton

ribs

After death, muscle fibers run out of atp calcium and begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as

rigor mortis

The muscle cell membrane is called the

sarcolemma

The functional unit of contraction of skeletal muscle fiber is the

sarcomere

The repeating unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the

sarcomere

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called

sarcomere

In the membrane network that surrounds each myofibril in a sleeve like arrangement is the

sarcoplasmic reticulum

The series of membranous channels that surround each myofibril is the

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands.

sebaceous

In adolescence, the "growth spurt" that is observed is mainly attributed to an increase in __________.

sex hormones

The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones.

short

Which of the following joints is an example of a ball and socket joint

shoulder

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the

shoulder joint

Voluntary muscle tissue is

skeletal

Which of the following muscle types is/are both voluntary and striated?

skeletal muscle only

The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the

slow fiber

Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction

spreading the fingers

Which of the following is the site where bone marrow is routinely sampled in an adult

sternum

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it

stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

Which of the following best describes the term sarcoplasmic reticulum

storage and release site for calcium ions

The epidermis consist of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement

stratum basale

The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the

stratum granulosum

Which is a major function of the skeletal system

support the body

Skull bones are joined by tight connections called

sutures

Fibrous joints are classified as

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Which of the following joints is located between the spinal vertebrae

symphysis

The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the

synaptic cleft

The space between the axon terminus of the neuron and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber is the

synaptic cleft

A suture is an example of a(n)

synarthrosis

An immovable joint is a(n)

synarthrosis

In humans the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to

temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses

At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, and each perimysium and endomysium, come together to form a

tendon

The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called

tendon

Which of the following characteristics is unique to smooth muscle

the absence of striations

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that

the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

If a muscle is applied to a load that exceeds the muscles maximum tension,

the muscle length will not change during contraction

Which of the following is the first step in the sliding mechanism of muscle contraction

the myosin heads of the thick filaments bind to active sites of the thin filaments

When an action potential arrives at the neuromuscular junction, the most immediate result is

the release of acetylcholine from the motor neuron

William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information you would predict that the cut has penetrated to

the stratum basale but not the dermal layers

Continued mild or partial contraction of a muscle that keeps it healthy and ready to respond is known as muscle

tone

The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called

trabeculae

At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by

tropomyosin molecules

When calcium ion binds to troponin,

tropomyosin moves into the groove between the helical actin strands.

At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by

troponin molecules

Which of the following movements is a good example of supination

turning the hand palm upward

Bones have a vascular supply that is

very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone

A skeletal muscles blood supply is generally best described as

very good

What are menisci (articular discs)?

wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity

Which of the following is classified as a short bone

wrist bone

Bones store energy as lipids in __________.

yellow marrow

The medial surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the

Tibial collateral

What is the functional role of the T tubules

To rapidly pass AP throughout the complete cell

Which of the following features is not characteristic of muscle tissues

Transmissive

What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?

Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules

65% of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite t/f

True

An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops. T/f

True

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called Dorsey flexion T/F

True

Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones. T/f

True

Most bones below the base of the skull are formed by endochondral ossification T/F

True

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction T/F

True

One of the functions of the skeletal muscle contraction is production of heat T/F

True

Skin cancer is most likely to metastasize and cancer of the melanocytes t/f

True

Supination is the movement of the form in which the palm of the hand is turn from posterior to anterior. T/F

True

The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints T/F

True

The apocrine sweat glands are fairly unimportant in thermoregulation. T/f

True

The appendicular skeleton include the upper and lower limb bones t/f

True

The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers well the epidermis does not

True

The neurotransmitter used by the nervous system to activate skeletal muscle cells is acetylcholine T/F

True

The structural unit of compact bone osteon resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk T/F

True

The structural unit of compact bone osteon resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk t/f

True

The thin filaments Actin contain a polypeptide subunit G-actin that bears active sites for myosin attachment t/f

True

Which of the following associations is most accurate

diarthroses (synovial)

A synovial joint is an example of

diarthrosis

Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint

diarthrotic

Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?

diarthrotic

When the body is overheated the skin responds by

dilating blood vessels

Lifting a stone with the tip of the foot is

dorsiflexion

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

eccrine and apocrine

Which of the following allows recoil of the muscle fiber when contraction ends

elastic filaments

The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is

elastin

When one closes the mouth, the movement is called

elevation

Long bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to

endochondral ossification

The layers of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle from the inside to the outside in correct order are

endomysium, perimysium, epimysium

The layers of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle from the inside to the outside in correct order are

endomysium, perimysium, epimysiumy

The lining of the medullary cavity is called the

endosteum

An entire skeletal muscle is surrounded by ___________. epimysium perimysium endomysium. sarcolemma tendon sheath

epimysium

The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the

epimysium

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood

epiphyseal plate

The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone?

ethmoid

What characteristic of muscle tissue allows it to respond to a stimulation

excitability

what characteristic of muscle tissue allows it to respond to a stimulation

excitability

A very highly stretched muscle will produce a contraction that is

fairly weak

Yellow marrow is useful as __________.

a tissue that may revert back to red marrow if a person needs more red blood cells

The skeletal muscle complex known as the Triad consist of

a transverse tubule and two terminal cisternae

Movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is

abduction

The cytoplasm of the neuromuscular terminal contains vesicles filled with molecules of the neurotransmitter

acetylcholine

The neurotransmitter involved in the process of contraction in skeletal muscles is

acetylcholine

Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract

acetylcholine (ACh) causes temporary permeability to sodium

Triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after

acetylcholine binds to chemically-gated channels in the end plate membrane.

The enzyme in the synaptic cleft partly responsible for shutting down a muscle contraction is

acetylcholinesterase

After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction?

acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh

Which type of skeletal muscle contains abundant quantities of glycogen

fast glycolytic fibers

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percent of

fat

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of

fat

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the

feet

The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?

fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells

The menisci of the knee are made of

fibrocartilage

During fetal intramembranous ossification, bone develops from __________.

fibrous connective tissue membranes

Before eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of __________.

fibrous membrane

A narrow, slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as a

fissure

Nodding your head "yes" is an example of

flexion and extension

Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in

flexion of forearm

Vitamin D3 formed within the skin has all of these effects on other organ systems, except that it

functions in the activation of plasma cells by the lymphatic system

Excessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result in

giantism

In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci

act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces

Thin myofilaments are called

actin

The sliding filament model of contraction involves

actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping

Muscles may be named using

action

The sequence of electrical changes that occurs along the sarcolemma when a muscle fiber is stimulated is known as the

action potential

A movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is termed

adduction

pads of ________ are often found around the edges of diarthrotic joints to provide protection for the articular cartilages

adipose tissue

The most efficient means of producing ATP for muscle contraction is

aerobic respiration

Where does 95% of the energy needed for contraction come from during moderate exercise

aerobic respiration

The final "go" signal for skeletal muscle contraction is __________.

an increase in intracellular calcium ion levels

Which joints are correctly matched?

ankle; hinge

The joints that are subjected to the greatest load are found in the

ankles

The intercarpal articulations are ________ joints.

gliding

The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a

gomphosis

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a

gomphosis joint

Properly controlled skeletal muscle contractions produced by changing the frequency of stimulation and the strength of stimulation are referred to as

graded muscle responses

Which of the following is not a connective tissue sheath that wraps individual muscle fibers

aponeurosis

The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as

appositional growth

The trabeculae of Spongy Bone

are organized along stress lines

trabeculae of spongy bone

are organized along stress lines

Bursae are found in all of the following areas except

around blood vessels

Which of the following is the single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood

growth hormone

The bones in the long axis of the body make up the

axial skeleton

Neurotransmitters are released upon stimulation from a nerve impulse by the

axon terminals of the motor neuron

Muscle fibers differ from typical cells in that muscle fibers

have many nuclei

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?

hinge joint

The articular Cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of what type of Cartilage

hyaline cartilage

Which joint type can perform rotation movements

ball and socket

Which joint type can perform rotation movements?

ball and socket

A splinter penetrated into the skin of the soul of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?

basale

Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow

blood cells

Fossae are __________.

bone depressions

The final step in fracture repair is __________.

bone remodeling

During oppositional growth

bones grow wider

The normal movement of a knee joint during walking involves

both flexion and extension

Acetylcholinesterase

breaks down acetylcholine

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated

by hormones, especially androgens

In the Epiphyseal plate, Cartilage grows

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of ________.

calcium and vitamin D

What is the cause of rigor mortis

calcium influx into the sarcoplasm after death

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores

calcium ions

The exceptional hardness of bones is largely due to the presence of

calcium phosphate

Which one of the following binds calcium ions in a smooth muscle, causing contraction

calmodulin

slow muscle fibers

can continue to contract long after fast fibers have fatigued

Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through

canaliculi

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn

catastrophic fluid loss

In an isotonic contraction, the muscle ________.

changes in length and moves the "load"

Muscle tone is ________.

a state of sustained partial contraction

Place these structures of the skeletal muscle in order from largest to smallest

1, 3, 4, 5, 2

Which of the following statements is true

Striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei.

The_____ are inward invaginators of the sarcolemma that run deep into the cell and ensure that every myofibril in the muscle fiber contracts at virtually the same time

T tubules

If a fair-skinned person is sunburned, why does his or her skin turn red?

The blood flow to the skin increases as part of the inflammatory response

The mechanical force of contraction is generated by

a sliding of thin filaments past thick ones


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