Skeletal
The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. 1. Myosin cross bridges bind to Acton. 2. The free myosin head splits ATP 3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere 5. Calcium ion binds to troponin 6.The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the Acton. The correct sequence of these events is
3,5,1,4,6,2
The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. 1.Myosin cross-bridges bind to the Acton. 2. The free myosin head splits ATP. 3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere. 5. Calcium ion binds to troponin 6. The myosin head binds and ATP molecule and detaches from the Actin. The correct sequence of these events is.
3,5,1,4,6,2
Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep
6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3
Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep: 1. Muscle fiber 2.perimysium 3.myofibril 4.fascicle 5.endomysium 6.epimysium
6,2,4,5,1,3
Homeostatic blood calcium levels should range from __________.
9 to 11 milligrams per 100 milliliters
A fascicle is
A group of muscle fibers that are encased in the perimysium
A motor neuron along with all the muscle fibers it's supplies is called
A motor unit
The thin myofilaments of skeletal muscles are composed chiefly of
Actin
During the recovery period the body's need for oxygen is increased because
Additional oxygen is required to restore energy reserves consume during exercise
Which of the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is NOT true
All bone surfaces in the body are covered by the periosteum
In Rigor Mortis
All of the Answers are correct
Bone structure is determined by which of the following
All of the above
Joints can be classified structurally as
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is a function of skeletal muscle
All of the answers are correct.
Synarthrotic joints ________.
Are immovable joints
Which of the following is formed by intramembranous is ossification
Both the roof of the skull and the clavicle
Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of
Calcium
Bones serve as an important reservoir of
Calcium
Which of the following does not occur during skeletal muscle contraction
Calcium binds to myosin heads.
Which of the following event occurs first
Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
The muscles surrounding the eyes and the mouth are classified as
Circular
The periosteum
Covers the outside of bones
The ligaments that limit the anterior posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the________ Ligaments
Cruciate
The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the______ ligaments
Cruciate
Which of the following cells and their functions are correctly matched
Dendritic cells activate the immune system
Which of the following statements is false?
During contraction, thin filaments slide past thick filaments so that actin and myosin filaments do not overlap.
The main nerves and blood vessels supplying the individual muscle fibers are contained within and branch through which of the following? A) epimysium B) endomysium C) perimysium D) the myoblasts E) a and c
Epimysium and perimysium
Mary is 50 years old and has osteoporosis her physician suggests hormone therapy what hormone is prescribed
Estrogen
Cells in the stratum corneum undergo mitosis to keep the layer thick and protective
False
Duchenne muscular dystrophy Is more common in females than males T/F
False
In newborn infants, the medullary cavity in all areas of spongy bone contain yellow bone marrow t/f
False
Muscle cells initiate nerve impulses. T/F
False
Muscle contraction will always promote movement of body parts regardless of how they are attached T/F
False
Red marrow can convert to yellow marrow if a person is anemic and more red blood cells are needed by the body T/F
False
Short irregular and flat bones have the Medullary cavities in order to reduce their weight T/F
False
Short, irregular, and flat bones have medullary Cavities in order to reduce their weight T/F
False
The protein found in large amounts in the outer most layer of the epidermal cells is collagen T/F
False
Fast glycolytic muscle fibers
Fatigues quickly
Which of the following statements about smooth muscle is true
Fibers are small and spindle-shaped.
Dorsiflexion involves _______ at the ankle joint and_________ of the foot
Flexion; elevation of the sole
intramembranous ossification
Forms cranial bones
Fast fibers
Have low resistance to fatigue and have quick twitches
At the end of secondary ossification, hyaline Cartlidge can be found
In the Epiphyseal plates
Growth of Cartlidge in which chondrocytes within the matrix proliferate is known as
Interstitial growth
Which of the following are not composed of hyaline Cartledge
Intervertebral disc's
A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the soul inward, termed
Inversion
Myoglobin
Is an oxygen storage molecules
The type of muscle contraction in which the muscle fibers produce increased tension although the muscle neither shortens or lengthens
Isometric
Which of the following is not a characteristic of skeletal muscle contraction
It can contract for long periods of time without tiring.
Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid
It contains hyaluronic acid.
Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?
It contains hyaluronic acid.
What does the name flexor carpi radialis most likely mean
It is a lateral forearm muscle that bends the wrist
Which of the following characteristics of skeletal Cartlidge limits its thickness
It is a vascular and receives most of its nourishment from the Periochondrium of that surround it
Which of the following is not a characteristic of articular cartilage
It secretes synovial fluid.
Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period During which the neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, diffuses across the synaptic cleft, and binds to its receptor's
Latent
Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the_________ period During which the neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, diffuses across the synaptic cleft, and binds to its receptor's
Latent
A word in a muscle name that indicates it is a large muscle might be
Magnus
Fast oxidative muscle fibers
Moderately fatigued resistant
The hip joint is a good example of an____synovial joint
Multiaxial
Which of the following is present in muscle cells but absent in most other cell types
Muscle cells have myoglobin; most other cells do not.
Which of the following is thought to be an autoimmune disease of acetylcholine receptor's
Myasthenia gravis
In the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, the myofilaments slide over each other, resulting in the overlapping of Acton and
Myosin
Interstitial growth _________
Occurs when the lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the Cartlidge from within
Which of the following is false regarding smooth muscle
Once damaged, smooth muscle is unable to regenerate.
Parathyroid hormone stimulates__________ activity
Osteoclasts
A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass efficient to compromise normal function is
Osteoporosis
Which of the following works with calcitrol to maintain bone homeostasis?
Parathyroid hormone
When Ca 2+ Concentration in the blood becomes lower than normal
Parathyroid hormone is released
Which of the following structures anchors the periosteum to the underlining bone
Perforating fibers
Skeletal Muscle produces body movement as well as maintains our________ as we sit
Posture
Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are
Rare because of the socket depth and ligament reinforcement
The refractory period in which the muscles will not contract of stimulated occurs during
Repolarization of the muscle cell
If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?
Rickets
Which of the following statements is incorrect
Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart.
Choose the true statement.
Smooth muscle depends on the calcium-calmodulin system to regulate contraction, while skeletal muscle relies on the calcium-troponin system to regulate contraction.
The sella turcica is part of the________ bone and houses the _______ gland
Sphenoid; pituitary
How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?
The bone would be more flexible.
What would occur if a contracting muscle became totally Depleted of ATP
The muscle would remain in a contracted state because of an inability to break actin-myosin cross bridges.
During the phase of excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscles, what occurs immediately after the action potential spreads down the T tubule
The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium
Which of the following statements best describes angular movements
They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
The twisting of a long bone is prevented by which of the following
circumferential lamellae
Organic components of the matrix of bone include
collagen fibers
A patient is brought to the emergency room with a broken bone. According to the x-ray, the bone is fragmented into three pieces. This would be considered a
comminuted fracture
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system
communication
The two types of osseous tissue are __________.
compact bone and spongy bone
When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly at a high rate, the amount of tension gradually increases to a steady maximum tension. This is called
complete tetanus
The radiocarpal joint is a
condyloid joint
All of the following terms refer to the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus except
contractility
Isometric contractions produce
contractions
A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?
corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
Which of the following is not a property of synovial joints
covered by a serous membrane
An extension past the anatomical position is known as
hyperextension
The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the
hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?
in the axillary and anogenital area
Heat energy produced from muscle contraction is released by the ________ system.
integumentary
Lengthwise long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through
interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates
Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid
decrease friction within joint
The hormone calcitonin functions to
decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood
What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?
decreased epiphyseal plate activity
Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called
dermal papillae
A fracture in the shaft of a bone Would occur in the
diaphysis
The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called
joint capsule
Which of the following substances increases in quantity during repetitive muscle contraction during oxygen deficit
lactic acid
The space occupied by an osteocyte is called a
lacuna
Found outside or inside a joint capsule, structures that join bone to bone are called
ligaments
The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone.
long
When the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced by bone, __________.
long bones have reached their adult length
The muscle weakness of myasthenia gravis results from
loss of acetylcholine receptors in the end-plate membrane.
Which of the following is a canal like passageway allowing vasculature and nerves to move through the bone
meatus
Fat is stored within the
medullary cavity
In an adult, yellow marrow is located in the
medullary cavity of the diaphysis
The Epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the
metaphysis
The epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the
metaphysis
The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the
metaphysis
When acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate, the end plate membrane becomes
more permeable to sodium ions
During activities requiring aerobic endurance
most of the muscle's energy is produced in mitochondria.
Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the
motor end plate
The motor neuron releases its neurotransmitter on a special region of the sarcolemma called
motor end plate
The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.
multiaxial
Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for
muscle contraction
In an isotonic contraction,
muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle lifts the load.
The Organelle(s) unique to muscle that give(s) it contractile capabilities is (are) the
myofibril
Muscle cells are made up of
myofibrils
The contractile units of the skeletal muscle are
myofibrils
The structures within the muscle fiber that shorten to cause skeletal muscle fiber contraction are the
myofibrils
Myofilament cross bridges form when which two structures bond?
myosin heads and globular actin
Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron at a single
neuromuscular junction
Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a neuron at a single
neuromuscular junction
Rigor mortis occurs because ________.
no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules
Hypothetically, if a muscle were stretched to the point where thick and thin filaments no longer overlapped, ________.
no muscle tension could be generated
The degenerative effects of osteoporosis are most likely to affect ________.
older women
The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissue is referred to as
ossification
The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissues is referred to as
ossification
Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called
osteoblasts
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
osteoclast
Bone is broken down by __________.
osteoclasts
In osseous tissue which of the following is able to break down bone
osteoclasts
In osseous tissue, which of the following is able to break down bone
osteoclasts
The cells that maintain mature compact bone are __________.
osteocytes
The lacunae of bone contain
osteocytes
The lacunae of osseous tissue contain
osteocytes
The most abundant cell type in bone is
osteocytes
What is the structural unit of compact bone
osteon
The structural unit of compact bone is
osteon or haversian system
Spongy bone contains all of the following except
osteons
Which type of cell divides readily after a bone is damaged
osteoprogenitor cell
Which type of cell divides readily after a bone is damaged?
osteoprogenitor cell
Bone forming cells originate from
osteoprogenitor cells
In relationship to the diaphysis of a long bone, the osteons are
parallel
Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium into the bloodstream
parathyroid hormone
Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped
patellar ligament
Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?
patellar ligament
All of the motor units of the muscle contracting at the maximal rate of stimulation causes the production of
peak tension
Muscle fibers can have various arrangements. The most powerful arrangement is called
pennate
The connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers is called
perimysium
The alternating contraction and relaxation of opposing layers smooth muscle is referred to as:
peristalsis
Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum
perpendicular plate
The gliding motion of the wrist uses
plane joints
Ankle extension is also called
plantar flexion
Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes
plantar flexion
The cruciate ligaments of the knee
prevent hyperextension of the knee
In anatomical position, when the palm is moved to face posteriorly, the movement of the wrist and hand is called
pronation
Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane is called
protraction
Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________.
protraction
Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to
provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
Collagen fibers do not
provide for bone hardness
Suppose that you try to pick up an object and discover that it is much heavier than you expected. Which process must occur in the muscle to increase tension so you can pick up the object
recruitment
The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to
regulate intracellular calcium concentration
Functions of the skin include
regulating body temperature
slow oxidative muscle fibers
resist fatigue and contain large amounts of myoglobin
A lack of exercise could
result in porous and weak bones
The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.
reticular
Which of the following bones belong to the axial skeleton
ribs
After death, muscle fibers run out of atp calcium and begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as
rigor mortis
The muscle cell membrane is called the
sarcolemma
The functional unit of contraction of skeletal muscle fiber is the
sarcomere
The repeating unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the
sarcomere
What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called
sarcomere
In the membrane network that surrounds each myofibril in a sleeve like arrangement is the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
The series of membranous channels that surround each myofibril is the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands.
sebaceous
In adolescence, the "growth spurt" that is observed is mainly attributed to an increase in __________.
sex hormones
The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones.
short
Which of the following joints is an example of a ball and socket joint
shoulder
The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the
shoulder joint
Voluntary muscle tissue is
skeletal
Which of the following muscle types is/are both voluntary and striated?
skeletal muscle only
The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the
slow fiber
Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction
spreading the fingers
Which of the following is the site where bone marrow is routinely sampled in an adult
sternum
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
Which of the following best describes the term sarcoplasmic reticulum
storage and release site for calcium ions
The epidermis consist of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement
stratum basale
The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the
stratum granulosum
Which is a major function of the skeletal system
support the body
Skull bones are joined by tight connections called
sutures
Fibrous joints are classified as
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
Which of the following joints is located between the spinal vertebrae
symphysis
The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the
synaptic cleft
The space between the axon terminus of the neuron and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber is the
synaptic cleft
A suture is an example of a(n)
synarthrosis
An immovable joint is a(n)
synarthrosis
In humans the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to
temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses
At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, and each perimysium and endomysium, come together to form a
tendon
The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called
tendon
Which of the following characteristics is unique to smooth muscle
the absence of striations
The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that
the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber
If a muscle is applied to a load that exceeds the muscles maximum tension,
the muscle length will not change during contraction
Which of the following is the first step in the sliding mechanism of muscle contraction
the myosin heads of the thick filaments bind to active sites of the thin filaments
When an action potential arrives at the neuromuscular junction, the most immediate result is
the release of acetylcholine from the motor neuron
William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information you would predict that the cut has penetrated to
the stratum basale but not the dermal layers
Continued mild or partial contraction of a muscle that keeps it healthy and ready to respond is known as muscle
tone
The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called
trabeculae
At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by
tropomyosin molecules
When calcium ion binds to troponin,
tropomyosin moves into the groove between the helical actin strands.
At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by
troponin molecules
Which of the following movements is a good example of supination
turning the hand palm upward
Bones have a vascular supply that is
very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone
A skeletal muscles blood supply is generally best described as
very good
What are menisci (articular discs)?
wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity
Which of the following is classified as a short bone
wrist bone
Bones store energy as lipids in __________.
yellow marrow
The medial surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the
Tibial collateral
What is the functional role of the T tubules
To rapidly pass AP throughout the complete cell
Which of the following features is not characteristic of muscle tissues
Transmissive
What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?
Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules
65% of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite t/f
True
An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops. T/f
True
Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called Dorsey flexion T/F
True
Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones. T/f
True
Most bones below the base of the skull are formed by endochondral ossification T/F
True
Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction T/F
True
One of the functions of the skeletal muscle contraction is production of heat T/F
True
Skin cancer is most likely to metastasize and cancer of the melanocytes t/f
True
Supination is the movement of the form in which the palm of the hand is turn from posterior to anterior. T/F
True
The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints T/F
True
The apocrine sweat glands are fairly unimportant in thermoregulation. T/f
True
The appendicular skeleton include the upper and lower limb bones t/f
True
The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers well the epidermis does not
True
The neurotransmitter used by the nervous system to activate skeletal muscle cells is acetylcholine T/F
True
The structural unit of compact bone osteon resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk T/F
True
The structural unit of compact bone osteon resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk t/f
True
The thin filaments Actin contain a polypeptide subunit G-actin that bears active sites for myosin attachment t/f
True
Which of the following associations is most accurate
diarthroses (synovial)
A synovial joint is an example of
diarthrosis
Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint
diarthrotic
Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?
diarthrotic
When the body is overheated the skin responds by
dilating blood vessels
Lifting a stone with the tip of the foot is
dorsiflexion
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?
eccrine and apocrine
Which of the following allows recoil of the muscle fiber when contraction ends
elastic filaments
The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is
elastin
When one closes the mouth, the movement is called
elevation
Long bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to
endochondral ossification
The layers of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle from the inside to the outside in correct order are
endomysium, perimysium, epimysium
The layers of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle from the inside to the outside in correct order are
endomysium, perimysium, epimysiumy
The lining of the medullary cavity is called the
endosteum
An entire skeletal muscle is surrounded by ___________. epimysium perimysium endomysium. sarcolemma tendon sheath
epimysium
The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the
epimysium
Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood
epiphyseal plate
The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone?
ethmoid
What characteristic of muscle tissue allows it to respond to a stimulation
excitability
what characteristic of muscle tissue allows it to respond to a stimulation
excitability
A very highly stretched muscle will produce a contraction that is
fairly weak
Yellow marrow is useful as __________.
a tissue that may revert back to red marrow if a person needs more red blood cells
The skeletal muscle complex known as the Triad consist of
a transverse tubule and two terminal cisternae
Movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is
abduction
The cytoplasm of the neuromuscular terminal contains vesicles filled with molecules of the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
The neurotransmitter involved in the process of contraction in skeletal muscles is
acetylcholine
Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract
acetylcholine (ACh) causes temporary permeability to sodium
Triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after
acetylcholine binds to chemically-gated channels in the end plate membrane.
The enzyme in the synaptic cleft partly responsible for shutting down a muscle contraction is
acetylcholinesterase
After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction?
acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh
Which type of skeletal muscle contains abundant quantities of glycogen
fast glycolytic fibers
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percent of
fat
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of
fat
The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the
feet
The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?
fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells
The menisci of the knee are made of
fibrocartilage
During fetal intramembranous ossification, bone develops from __________.
fibrous connective tissue membranes
Before eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of __________.
fibrous membrane
A narrow, slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as a
fissure
Nodding your head "yes" is an example of
flexion and extension
Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in
flexion of forearm
Vitamin D3 formed within the skin has all of these effects on other organ systems, except that it
functions in the activation of plasma cells by the lymphatic system
Excessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result in
giantism
In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci
act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces
Thin myofilaments are called
actin
The sliding filament model of contraction involves
actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping
Muscles may be named using
action
The sequence of electrical changes that occurs along the sarcolemma when a muscle fiber is stimulated is known as the
action potential
A movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is termed
adduction
pads of ________ are often found around the edges of diarthrotic joints to provide protection for the articular cartilages
adipose tissue
The most efficient means of producing ATP for muscle contraction is
aerobic respiration
Where does 95% of the energy needed for contraction come from during moderate exercise
aerobic respiration
The final "go" signal for skeletal muscle contraction is __________.
an increase in intracellular calcium ion levels
Which joints are correctly matched?
ankle; hinge
The joints that are subjected to the greatest load are found in the
ankles
The intercarpal articulations are ________ joints.
gliding
The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a
gomphosis
A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a
gomphosis joint
Properly controlled skeletal muscle contractions produced by changing the frequency of stimulation and the strength of stimulation are referred to as
graded muscle responses
Which of the following is not a connective tissue sheath that wraps individual muscle fibers
aponeurosis
The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as
appositional growth
The trabeculae of Spongy Bone
are organized along stress lines
trabeculae of spongy bone
are organized along stress lines
Bursae are found in all of the following areas except
around blood vessels
Which of the following is the single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood
growth hormone
The bones in the long axis of the body make up the
axial skeleton
Neurotransmitters are released upon stimulation from a nerve impulse by the
axon terminals of the motor neuron
Muscle fibers differ from typical cells in that muscle fibers
have many nuclei
Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?
hinge joint
The articular Cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of what type of Cartilage
hyaline cartilage
Which joint type can perform rotation movements
ball and socket
Which joint type can perform rotation movements?
ball and socket
A splinter penetrated into the skin of the soul of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?
basale
Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow
blood cells
Fossae are __________.
bone depressions
The final step in fracture repair is __________.
bone remodeling
During oppositional growth
bones grow wider
The normal movement of a knee joint during walking involves
both flexion and extension
Acetylcholinesterase
breaks down acetylcholine
The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated
by hormones, especially androgens
In the Epiphyseal plate, Cartilage grows
by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows
by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of ________.
calcium and vitamin D
What is the cause of rigor mortis
calcium influx into the sarcoplasm after death
The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores
calcium ions
The exceptional hardness of bones is largely due to the presence of
calcium phosphate
Which one of the following binds calcium ions in a smooth muscle, causing contraction
calmodulin
slow muscle fibers
can continue to contract long after fast fibers have fatigued
Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through
canaliculi
Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn
catastrophic fluid loss
In an isotonic contraction, the muscle ________.
changes in length and moves the "load"
Muscle tone is ________.
a state of sustained partial contraction
Place these structures of the skeletal muscle in order from largest to smallest
1, 3, 4, 5, 2
Which of the following statements is true
Striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei.
The_____ are inward invaginators of the sarcolemma that run deep into the cell and ensure that every myofibril in the muscle fiber contracts at virtually the same time
T tubules
If a fair-skinned person is sunburned, why does his or her skin turn red?
The blood flow to the skin increases as part of the inflammatory response
The mechanical force of contraction is generated by
a sliding of thin filaments past thick ones
