SKELETAL SYSTEM BONE & TISSUE
Compact bone
The solid, outer layer surrounding each bone. Has more bone matrix and less space than spongy bone
Perichondrium
a double-layered outer layer of dense irregular connective tissue containing fibroblasts
Interstitial growth
chondrocytes in the center of the tissue divide and add more matrix in between the existing cells.
Medullary cavity
composed primarily of compact bone, surrounding a hollow center called the;
Appositional growth and Interstitial growth
2 types of cartilage growth
Periosteum
A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.
Flat, Short, and Irregular Bones
3 structures of bones
Endosteum
A single layer of connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity
hydroxyapatite crystals
A substance formed when Ca2+ & PO43- reach a certain level; Act as templates that stimulate further hydroxyapatite formation and mineralization of the matrix.
Yellow marrow
Adipose tissue or fat stored within the medullary cavity
Interstitial lamellae
Are remnants of concentric or circumferential lamellae that were partially removed during bone remodeling.
epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
Area of hyaline cartilage that separates the marrow spaces of the epiphysis and diaphysis
Osteoblasts
Bone building cells; produces collagen and proteoglycans
Osteoclasts
Bone-destroying cells
Lacuna
Chondrocyte are rounded cells that occupy a space called;
red marrow
Connective tissue in the spaces of spongy bone or in the medullary cavity; the site of blood cell production
Epiphysis
End of a long bone
bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
Four components of the skeletal system
Trabeculae
Interconnecting rods or plates of bone, which consists of spaces filled with bone marrow and blood vessels.
Articular cartilage
It covers the end of a long bone, within joints.
Canaliculi
It is a long narrow space wherein osteocyte cell extensions are housed.
lacunae
It is a space wherein osteocyte cell bodies are housed.
bone reabsorption
It is important for mobilizing crucial Ca2+ and phosphate ions for use in many metabolic processes; Breakdown of bone is called
Chondroblasts
It secretes a matrix and it covers itself with this matrix.
Proteoglycans
Makes the cartilage resilient by trapping water
concentric lamellae
Rings of bone of matrix that surrounds the central canal
Hematopoietic stem cells
The blood making cells
central canal
The bull's-eye of the circular target in the osteon
Haversian canal
The center of each osteons; Contains blood supply and innervation for the bone cell.
Chondrocyte
The differentiated version of the chondroblasts
woven bone
The first type of bone that osteoblasts form during ossification. It is a fairly weak bone because the collagen fibers are randomly oriented in many directions.
Osteon
The functional unit of a long bone, consist of concentric rings of matrix, which resembles a circular target.
35% organic and 65% inorganic material
The normal weight of a mature bone matrix.
epiphyseal line
The ossified version of the epiphyseal plate when the bone stops growing. It is a thin line located between the epiphysis and diaphysis.
Ca2+ & PO43- (calcium and phosphate/phosphorus)
The osteoblasts secrete matrix vesicles which contain a high concentration of what ions?
Circumferential lamellae
The outer surface of a compact bone, which are thin plates that extend around the bone
Diaphysis
The overall structure of the long bone; It is the center portion
Ossification
The process of forming a new bone by osteoblasts that occurs in the appositional growth.
-cyte
The suffix used for the final form of the differentiated cell name.
-blast
The suffix used for undifferentiated cell names
Cell Extensions
These are osteocytes' connections to other osteocytes.
Osteocytes
They account for 90-95% of bone cells and are very long-lived. Once the osteoblasts have secreted sufficient bone matrix, it forms an
osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
Three types of bone cells
hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage
Three types of cartilage
woven bone and lamellar bone.
Two types of bone formed during Ossification
The bone is very brittle
What will happen if the production of collagen is reduced?
Spongy bone
Which appears porous, has less bone matrix and more space.
Appositional growth
chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage.
Bone matrix
can be compared to reinforced concrete
articular cartilage
covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints
Body support, Organ protection, Body movement, Mineral storage, and Blood cell production
functions of the skeletal system
osteogenesis imperfecta
inherited condition of deformed and abnormally brittle bones
Collagen fibers
lend flexible strength to the matrix; the mineral components give the matrix weight-bearing strength.
Hyaline cartilage
mostly associated with the bone
Collagen
provides strength
Hipbone
used as a source of donated red bone marrow because it is a large bone with more marrow than smaller bones and it can be accessed relatively easily.