SKELETAL SYSTEM BONE & TISSUE

Compact bone

The solid, outer layer surrounding each bone. Has more bone matrix and less space than spongy bone

Perichondrium

a double-layered outer layer of dense irregular connective tissue containing fibroblasts

Interstitial growth

chondrocytes in the center of the tissue divide and add more matrix in between the existing cells.

Medullary cavity

composed primarily of compact bone, surrounding a hollow center called the;

Appositional growth and Interstitial growth

2 types of cartilage growth

Periosteum

A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.

Flat, Short, and Irregular Bones

3 structures of bones

Endosteum

A single layer of connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity

hydroxyapatite crystals

A substance formed when Ca2+ & PO43- reach a certain level; Act as templates that stimulate further hydroxyapatite formation and mineralization of the matrix.

Yellow marrow

Adipose tissue or fat stored within the medullary cavity

Interstitial lamellae

Are remnants of concentric or circumferential lamellae that were partially removed during bone remodeling.

epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

Area of hyaline cartilage that separates the marrow spaces of the epiphysis and diaphysis

Osteoblasts

Bone building cells; produces collagen and proteoglycans

Osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells

Lacuna

Chondrocyte are rounded cells that occupy a space called;

red marrow

Connective tissue in the spaces of spongy bone or in the medullary cavity; the site of blood cell production

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

Four components of the skeletal system

Trabeculae

Interconnecting rods or plates of bone, which consists of spaces filled with bone marrow and blood vessels.

Articular cartilage

It covers the end of a long bone, within joints.

Canaliculi

It is a long narrow space wherein osteocyte cell extensions are housed.

lacunae

It is a space wherein osteocyte cell bodies are housed.

bone reabsorption

It is important for mobilizing crucial Ca2+ and phosphate ions for use in many metabolic processes; Breakdown of bone is called

Chondroblasts

It secretes a matrix and it covers itself with this matrix.

Proteoglycans

Makes the cartilage resilient by trapping water

concentric lamellae

Rings of bone of matrix that surrounds the central canal

Hematopoietic stem cells

The blood making cells

central canal

The bull's-eye of the circular target in the osteon

Haversian canal

The center of each osteons; Contains blood supply and innervation for the bone cell.

Chondrocyte

The differentiated version of the chondroblasts

woven bone

The first type of bone that osteoblasts form during ossification. It is a fairly weak bone because the collagen fibers are randomly oriented in many directions.

Osteon

The functional unit of a long bone, consist of concentric rings of matrix, which resembles a circular target.

35% organic and 65% inorganic material

The normal weight of a mature bone matrix.

epiphyseal line

The ossified version of the epiphyseal plate when the bone stops growing. It is a thin line located between the epiphysis and diaphysis.

Ca2+ & PO43- (calcium and phosphate/phosphorus)

The osteoblasts secrete matrix vesicles which contain a high concentration of what ions?

Circumferential lamellae

The outer surface of a compact bone, which are thin plates that extend around the bone

Diaphysis

The overall structure of the long bone; It is the center portion

Ossification

The process of forming a new bone by osteoblasts that occurs in the appositional growth.

-cyte

The suffix used for the final form of the differentiated cell name.

-blast

The suffix used for undifferentiated cell names

Cell Extensions

These are osteocytes' connections to other osteocytes.

Osteocytes

They account for 90-95% of bone cells and are very long-lived. Once the osteoblasts have secreted sufficient bone matrix, it forms an

osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

Three types of bone cells

hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage

Three types of cartilage

woven bone and lamellar bone.

Two types of bone formed during Ossification

The bone is very brittle

What will happen if the production of collagen is reduced?

Spongy bone

Which appears porous, has less bone matrix and more space.

Appositional growth

chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage.

Bone matrix

can be compared to reinforced concrete

articular cartilage

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints

Body support, Organ protection, Body movement, Mineral storage, and Blood cell production

functions of the skeletal system

osteogenesis imperfecta

inherited condition of deformed and abnormally brittle bones

Collagen fibers

lend flexible strength to the matrix; the mineral components give the matrix weight-bearing strength.

Hyaline cartilage

mostly associated with the bone

Collagen

provides strength

Hipbone

used as a source of donated red bone marrow because it is a large bone with more marrow than smaller bones and it can be accessed relatively easily.