Skin

d. associated with allergy with a hereditary tendency.

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) in the infant is: a. easily cured. b. worse in humid climates. c. associated with upper respiratory tract infections. d. associated with allergy with a hereditary tendency.

d. Streptococcus or Staphylococcus organisms.

Cellulitis is often caused by: a. herpes zoster. b. Candida albicans. c. human papillomavirus. d. Streptococcus or Staphylococcus organisms.

d. Scratching the lesions may cause them to become secondarily infected.

Parents tell the nurse that their child keeps scratching the areas where he has poison ivy. The nurse's response should be based on which knowledge? a. Poison ivy does not itch and needs further investigation. b. Scratching the lesions will not cause a problem. c. Scratching the lesions will cause the poison ivy to spread. d. Scratching the lesions may cause them to become secondarily infected.

d. Vesicle

The nurse is teaching nursing students about childhood skin lesions. Which is an elevated, circumscribed skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter and filled with serous fluid? a. Cyst b. Papule c. Pustule d. Vesicle

c. Caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite

The school nurse is conducting a class for school -age children on Lyme disease. Which is characteristic of Lyme disease? a. Difficult to prevent b. Treated with oral antibiotics in stages 1, 2, and 3 c. Caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite d. Common in geographic areas where the soil contains the mycotic spores that cause the disease

c. Pruritus

The nurse is taking care of a child with scabies. Which primary clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to assess with this disease? a. Edema b. Redness c. Pruritus d. Maceration

b. Hold burned area under cool running water.

A toddler sustains a minor burn on the hand from hot coffee. Which is the first action the nurse should recommend in treating this burn? a. Apply ice to burned area. b. Hold burned area under cool running water. c. Break any blisters with a sterile needle. d. Cleanse wound with soap and warm water.

d. Cleanse the wound with a mild soap and tepid water.

A young child has sustained a minor burn to the foot. Which is recommended for treatment of a minor burn? a. Apply ice to foot. b. Apply cortisone ointment. c. Apply an occlusive dressing. d. Cleanse the wound with a mild soap and tepid water.

b. fungus.

Tinea capitis (ringworm), frequently found in schoolchildren, is caused by a(n): a. virus. b. fungus. c. allergic reaction. d. bacterial infection.

c. Increased capillary permeability

Which explains physiologically the edema formation that occurs with burns? a. Vasoconstriction b. Decreased capillary permeability c. Increased capillary permeability d. Decreased hydrostatic pressure within capillaries

c. Disorientation

Which is one of the first signs of overwhelming sepsis in a child with burn injuries? a. Seizures b. Bradycardia c. Disorientation d. Decreased blood pressure

a. The acne has not responded to other treatments.

When is isotretinoin (Accutane) indicated for the treatment of acne during adolescence? a. The acne has not responded to other treatments. b. The adolescent is or may become pregnant. c. The adolescent is unable to give up foods causing acne. d. Frequent washing with antibacterial soap has been unsuccessful.

a. Itching

Which is usually the only symptom of pediculosis capitis (head lice)? a. Itching b. Vesicles c. Scalp rash d. Localized inflammatory response

B) Using a blow dryer on warm to dry the diaper area C) Refraining from using rubber pants over diapers

A nurse is preparing a class for parents of infants about managing diaper dermatitis. Which of the following would the nurse include in the presentation? Select all answers that apply. A) Applying topical nystatin to the diaper area B) Using a blow dryer on warm to dry the diaper area C) Refraining from using rubber pants over diapers D) Using scented diaper wipes to clean the area E) Washing the diaper area with an antibacterial soap

B) Applying ice directly to the burned skin area

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local parent group about burn prevention and care in children. Which of the following would the nurse be least likely to include in the presentation when describing how to care for a superficial burn? A) Using cool water over the burned area until the pain lessens B) Applying ice directly to the burned skin area C) Covering the burn with a clean, nonadhesive bandage D) Giving the child acetaminophen for pain relief

c. Shampoo every day with an antiseborrheic shampoo.

A nurse is teaching a parent of an infant about treatment of seborrhea dermatitis (cradle cap). Which should the nurse include in the instructions? a. Shampoo every three days with a mild soap. b. The hair should be shampooed with a medicated shampoo. c. Shampoo every day with an antiseborrheic shampoo. d. The loosened crusts should not be removed with a fine-toothed comb.

d. The diet will avoid protein breakdown. The diet must provide sufficient calories to meet the increased metabolic needs and enough protein to avoid protein breakdown. Healing, not growth is the primary consideration. Many children have poor appetites, and supplementation will be necessary

A parent of a child with major burns asks the nurse why a high -calorie and high-protein diet is prescribed. Which response should the nurse make? a. The diet promotes growth. b. The diet will improve appetite. c. The diet will diminish risks of stress-induced hyperglycemia. d. The diet will avoid protein breakdown.

C) Administration of most of the volume during the first 8 hours

When developing the plan of care for a child with burns requiring fluid replacement therapy, which of the following would the nurse expect to include? A) Administration of colloid initially followed by a crystalloid B) Determination of fluid replacement based on the type of burn C) Administration of most of the volume during the first 8 hours D) Monitoring of hourly urine output to achieve less than 1 mL/kg/hour

b. Wash hands and forearms before and after dressing change.

Which is an important consideration for the nurse when changing dressings and applying topical medication to a child's abdomen and leg burns? a. Apply topical medication with clean hands. b. Wash hands and forearms before and after dressing change. c. If dressings adhere to the wound, soak in hot water before removal. d. Apply dressing so that movement is limited during the healing process.

c. Carefully wash hands and maintain cleanliness when caring for an infected child.

Which nursing consideration is important when caring for a child with impetigo contagiosa? a. Apply topical corticosteroids to decrease inflammation. b. Carefully remove dressings so as not to dislodge undermined skin, crusts, and debris. c. Carefully wash hands and maintain cleanliness when caring for an infected child. d. Examine child under a Wood lamp for possible spread of lesions.

B) "Dry the area between your toes really well."

Which of the following would the nurse include when teaching an adolescent about tinea pedis? A) "Keep your feet moist and open to the air as much as possible." B) "Dry the area between your toes really well." C) "Wear nylon or synthetic socks every day." D) "Go barefoot when you are in the locker room at school."

d. infection.

After the acute stage and during the healing process, the primary complication from burn injury is: a. asphyxia. b. shock. c. renal shutdown. d. infection.

d. Remove her burned clothing and jewelry.

An adolescent girl is cooking on a gas stove when her bathrobe catches fire. Her father smothers the flames with a rug and calls an ambulance. She has sustained major burns over much of her body. Which is important in her immediate care? a. Wrap her in a blanket until help arrives. b. Encourage her to drink clear liquids. c. Place her in a tub of cool water. d. Remove her burned clothing and jewelry.

B) Histamine release leads to vasodilation

An instructor is developing a plan for a class of nursing students on the various skin disorders. When describing urticaria, which of the following would the instructor include? A) It is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction. B) Histamine release leads to vasodilation C) Wheals appear first followed by erythema. D) The nonpruritic rash blanches with pressure.

b. Observing wounds for signs of infection

Biologic dressings are applied to a child with partial -thickness burns of both legs. Which nursing intervention should be implemented? a. Observing wounds for bleeding b. Observing wounds for signs of infection c. Monitoring closely for signs of shock d. Splinting legs to prevent movement

b. Candida albicans.

The nurse is examining 12-month-old Amy, who was brought to the clinic for persistent diaper rash. The nurse finds perianal inflammation with satellite lesions that cross the inguinal folds. This is most likely caused by: a. impetigo. b. Candida albicans. c. urine and feces. d. infrequent diapering.

C) Avoiding sun exposure between the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.

The nurse is preparing a class for a group of adolescents about reducing the risk of skin cancer. Which of the following would the nurse include? A) Using a sunscreen with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with an SPF of at least 10 B) Applying sunscreen at least 1 hour before going outside in the sun C) Avoiding sun exposure between the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. D) Using artificial UV tanning beds instead of sun exposure

C) "Many people feel this way; I know someone who can help."

The nurse is providing care for a 14-year-old girl with severe acne. The girl expresses sadness and distress about her appearance. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A) "Are you using your medicine every day?" B) "Your condition will most likely improve in a year or two." C) "Many people feel this way; I know someone who can help." D) "If you have any scarring you can undergo dermabrasion."

B) "He should manually peel off any flaking skin."

The nurse is providing parental teaching about home care for an 8-year-old boy with widespread sunburn on his back and shoulders. Which of the following responses indicates a need for further teaching? A) "Cool compresses may help cool the burn." B) "He should manually peel off any flaking skin." C) "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen are helpful." D) "He should avoid hot showers or baths for a couple of days."

c. Flat, brown mole less than 1 cm in diameter

The nurse is taking care of a 2-year-old child with a macule skin lesion. Which clinical finding should the nurse expect to assess with this type of lesion? a. Flat, nonpalpable, and irregularly shaped lesion that is greater than 1 cm in diameter b. Heaped-up keratinized cells, flaky exfoliation, irregular, thick or thin, dry or oily, varied in size c. Flat, brown mole less than 1 cm in diameter d. Elevated,flat-topped, firm, rough, superficial papule greater than 1 cm in diameter

a. A lesion that is elevated, palpable, firm and circumscribed; less than 1 cm in diameter

The nurse is taking care of a 7-year-old child with a skin rash called a papule. Which clinical finding should the nurse expect to assess with this type of skin rash? a. A lesion that is elevated, palpable, firm and circumscribed; less than 1 cm in diameter b. A lesion that is elevated, flat-topped, firm, rough and superficial; greater than 1 cm in diameter c. An elevated lesion, firm, circumscribed, palpable; 1 to 2 cm in diameter d. An elevated lesion, circumscribed, filled with serous fluid; less t

c. Oral antiviral agent

The nurse is taking care of a 7-year-old child with herpes simplex virus (type 1 or 2). Which prescribed medication should the nurse expect to be included in the treatment plan? a. Corticosteroids b. Oral griseofulvin c. Oral antiviral agent d. Topical and/or systemic antibiotic

d. "You will need to remove nits with an extra-fine tooth comb or tweezers." Pediculosis capitis-head lice Treatment consists of the application of pediculicide and manual removal of nit cases. An extra -fine tooth comb facilitates manual removal.

The nurse is talking to the parents of a child with pediculosis capitis. Which should the nurse include when explaining how to manage pediculosis capitis? a. "You will need to cut the hair shorter if infestation and nits are severe." b. "You can distinguish viable from nonviable nits, and remove all viable ones." c. "You can wash all nits out of hair with a regular shampoo." d. "You will need to remove nits with an extra-fine tooth comb or tweezers."

b. "If my infant's buttocks become slightly red, I will expose the skin to air."

The nurse is teaching a class on preventing diaper rash in newborns to a group of new parents. Which statement made by a parent indicates a correct understanding of the teaching? a. "I should cleanse my infant's skin with a commercial diaper wipe every time I change the diaper." b. "If my infant's buttocks become slightly red, I will expose the skin to air." c. "I should wash my infant's buttocks with soap before applying a thin layer of oil ." d. "I will apply baby oil and powder to the creases in my infant's buttocks."

B) "I will set our water heater at 130 degrees."

The nurse is teaching the mother of a toddler about burn prevention. Which response by the mother indicates a need for further teaching? A) "We will leave fireworks displays to the professionals." B) "I will set our water heater at 130 degrees." C) "All sleepwear should be flame retardant." D) "The handles of pots on the stove should face inward."

c. explaining that medication should not be applied until at least 20 to 30 minutes after washing.

Tretinoin (Retin-A) is a topical agent commonly used to treat acne. Nursing considerations with this drug should include: a. teaching to avoid use of sunscreen agents. b. applying generously to the skin. c. explaining that medication should not be applied until at least 20 to 30 minutes after washing. d. explaining that erythema and peeling are indications of toxicity.

B) Macule

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 9-month-old baby with a flat, discolored area on the skin. The nurse documents this as which of the following? A) Papule B) Macule C) Vesicle D) Scaling

a. Débride the wounds.

Hydrotherapy is required to treat a child with extensive partial -thickness burn wounds. Which is the primary purpose of hydrotherapy? a. Débride the wounds. b. Increase peripheral blood flow. c. Provide pain relief. d. Destroy bacteria on the skin.

C) Nonrebreather mask

A 3-year-old child has sustained significant severe burns and is ordered to receive 100% oxygen. Which of the following would the nurse use to administer the oxygen? A) Nasal cannula B) Venturi mask C) Nonrebreather mask D) Oxygen hood

C) Clear delineations are noted between burned and nonburned skin areas.

A 4-year-old is brought to the emergency department with a burn. Which of the following would alert the nurse to the possibility of child abuse? A) Burn assessment correlates with mother's report of contact with a portable heater. B) Parents state that the injury occurred approximately 15 to 20 minutes ago. C) Clear delineations are noted between burned and nonburned skin areas. D) The burn area appears asymmetric and nonuniform.

D) Ensuring a patent airway

A 6-year-old boy has been admitted to the hospital with burns. The nurse notes carbonaceous sputum. Which of the following would be the priority? A) Determining the burn depth B) Eliciting a description of the burn C) Estimating burn extent D) Ensuring a patent airway

b. inhalation injury.

A child is admitted with extensive burns. The nurse notes that there are burns on the child's lips and singed nasal hairs. The nurse should suspect that the child has a(n): a. chemical burn. b. inhalation injury. c. electrical burn. d. hot-water scald.

D) Serum immunoglobulin E level

A child is diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Which laboratory test would the nurse expect the child to undergo to provide additional evidence for this condition? A) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate B) Potassium hydroxide prep C) Wound culture D) Serum immunoglobulin E level

a. Reduce pain.

A child with extensive burns requires débridement. The nurse should anticipate which priority goal related to this procedure? a. Reduce pain. b. Prevent bleeding. c. Maintain airway. d. Restore fluid balance.

A) Face B) Upper chest D) Back

A group of students are preparing for a class exam on skin disorders. As part of their preparation, they are reviewing information about acne vulgaris and its association with increased sebum production. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which areas as having the highest sebaceous gland activity? Select all answers that apply. A) Face B) Upper chest C) Neck D) Back E) Shoulders

B) Warmth at skin disruption site

A nurse is assessing the skin of a child with cellulitis. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? A) Red raised hair follicles B) Warmth at skin disruption site C) Papules progressing to vesicles D) Honey-colored exudate

D) Electrocardiographic monitoring

A nurse is caring for a 14-year-old girl who received an electrical burn. The nurse would anticipate preparing the girl for which diagnostic tests as ordered? A) Pulse oximetry B) Fiberoptic bronchoscopy C) Xenon ventilation-perfusion scanning D) Electrocardiographic monitoring

C) Occiput

A nurse is caring for a 5-year-old in Buck traction. When conducting a skin examination for signs of pressure ulcers, the nurse pays particular attention to which area? A) Sacral area B) Hip area C) Occiput D) Upper arm

B) Dry, red, scaly rash with lichenification

A nurse is inspecting the skin of a child with atopic dermatitis. Which of the following would the nurse expect to observe? A) Erythematous papulovesicular rash B) Dry, red, scaly rash with lichenification C) Pustular vesicles with honey-colored exudates D) Hypopigmented oval scaly lesions

B) Assess for a patent airway

A nurse is performing a primary survey on a child who has sustained partial thickness burns over his upper body areas. Which of the following would the nurse do first? A) Inspect the child's skin color B) Assess for a patent airway C) Observe for symmetric breathing D) Palpate the child's pulse

c. posterior root ganglia and posterior horn of the spinal cord.

Herpes zoster is caused by the varicella virus and has an affinity for: a. sympathetic nerve fibers. b. parasympathetic nerve fibers. c. posterior root ganglia and posterior horn of the spinal cord. d. lateral and dorsal columns of the spinal cord.

c. preventing infection.

Nursing care of the infant with atopic dermatitis focuses on: a. feeding a variety of foods. b. keeping lesions dry. c. preventing infection. d. using fabric softener to avoid rough cloth.

d. Keep the infant in total shade at all times.

The family of a 4-month-old infant will be vacationing at the beach. Which should the nurse teach the family about exposure of the infant to the sun? a. Use sun block on the infant's nose and ear tips. b. Use topical sunscreen product with a sun protective factor of 15. c. The infant can be exposed to the sun for 15-minute increments. d. Keep the infant in total shade at all times.

a. cool compresses.

The management of a child who has just been stung by a bee or wasp should include the application of: a. cool compresses. b. warm compresses. c. antibiotic cream. d. corticosteroid cream.

a. There will be no scarring.

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child with impetigo contagiosa. The parents ask the nurse what will happen to their child's skin after the infection has subsided and healed. Which answer should the nurse give? a. There will be no scarring. b. There may be some pigmented spots. c. It is likely there will be some slightly depressed scars. d. There will be some atrophic white scars.

A) "After bathing, I need to rub his skin everywhere to make sure he is completely dry."

The nurse is caring for a child with widespread itching and has recommended bathing as a relief measure. After teaching the mother about this, which statement from the mother indicates a need for further instruction? A) "After bathing, I need to rub his skin everywhere to make sure he is completely dry." B) "I must make sure I use lukewarm water instead of hot water." C) "Oatmeal baths are helpful; we can add Aveeno skin relief bath treatment." D) "We should leave his skin moist before applying medication or moisturizer."

a. administering oral griseofulvin.

The nurse is caring for a school -age child with a tinea capitis (ringworm) infection. The nurse should expect that therapeutic management for this child includes: a. administering oral griseofulvin. b. administering topical or oral antibiotics. c. applying topical sulfonamides. d. applying Burow solution compresses to affected area.

B) Antifungals

The nurse is caring for an infant with candidal diaper rash. Which topical agent would the nurse expect the physician to order? A) Corticosteroids B) Antifungals C) Antibiotics D) Retinoids