Skull and Associated Bones (Anatomy 1 Pearson's 7th Ed.)

greater palatine foramen

#1 in picture

crista galli of ethmoid

(Latin: "crest of the rooster") is a median ridge of bone that projects from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

supra orbital foramen

An opening in the supraorbital margin of the frontal bone at the junction of the medial and intermediate thirds

inferior nuchal line

Attached to this nuchal line are the Obliquus capitis superior muscle, Rectus capitis posterior major muscle, and Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle.

anterior clinoid process

In the sphenoid bone, the posterior border, smooth and rounded, is received into the lateral fissure of the brain; the medial end of this border forms the the process indicated by #29

inferior temporal line

Line indicated by bottom of #14

superior temporal line

Line indicated by top of #14

external occipital protuberance

Near the middle of the occipital squama the highest point of which is sometimes referred to as the inion.

Lacrimal groove

On the nasal surface of the body of the maxilla, in front of the opening of the sinus is a deep groove is converted into the nasolacrimal canal, by the lacrimal bone and inferior nasal concha; this canal opens into the inferior meatus of the nose and transmits the nasolacrimal duct.

Carotid canal

Passage way in the temporal bone through which the internal carotid artery enters the middle cranial fossa from the neck

frontal sinuses

Portion indicated by D

parietal eminence

Protrusion of bone indicated by arrow

frontal sinus

Shown in green D

Ethmoid Sinus

Shown in orange B

maxillary sinus

Shown in red C

superior nasal conchae

The back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate shown as #3 above

sphenoidal spine

The great wings, or ali-sphenoids, are two strong processes of bone, which arise from the sides of the body, and are curved upward, lateralward, and backward; the posterior part of each projects as a triangular process which fits into the angle between the squama and the petrous portion of the temporal bone and presents at its apex a downwardly directed angular process. The arrow is pointing towards this point.

foramen ovale

This is one of the larger of the several holes (the foramina) that transmit nerves through the skull. This foramen is situated in the posterior part of the sphenoid bone, posterolateral to the foramen rotundum.

orbital surface of sphenoid bone

a bony process of the sphenoid bone; there is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backward.

frontal Bone

a broad membrane bone of the skull, forming the forehead and the upper portion of each orbit.

superior orbital fissure

a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone.

mastoid foramen

a large hole in the posterior border of the temporal bone

Foramen magnum

a large opening in the occipital bone of the human skull.

Zygomatic process

a long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone

superciliary arch

a ridge on the frontal bone above the eye socket.

ethmoid crest of palatine bone

a ridge on the medial surface of the perpendicular part of the palatine bone to which the middle nasal concha attaches posteriorly.

occipital crest

a ridge travels along the midline, beginning at the external occipital protuberance and descending inferiorly to the foramen magnum, that gives attachment to the nuchal ligament.[1]

sella turcica

a saddle-shaped depression in the body of the sphenoid bone

Occipital Bone

a saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the skull, is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself.

infraorbital foramen

an opening in the maxillary bone of the skull located below the eye socket. It allows passage for the artery, vein, and nerve which are branches of the maxillary branch (V2) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) which assist with the functioning and processing of sight.

hypophysial fossa

behind the chiasmatic groove and the tuberculum sellae, is a deep depression or fossa, the deepest part of which lodges the pituitary gland

tuberculum sellae

behind the chiasmatic groove is an elevation

Maxillary Bones (2)

bones forming the upper jaw and palate of the mouth

Temporal Bones (2)

bones situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes of the cerebrum

nasal crest of palatine bones

boney crest formed at the midline of the horizontal plate of the palatine bones for attachment of the septum superior

External acoustic meatus

bony canal of the external ear

hypoglossal canal

canal located laterally from the interior walls of the foramen magnum

pterygoid canal

canal situated in the sphenoid bone indicated by #21. This passage in the skull leading from just anterior to the foramen lacerum in the middle cranial fossa to the pterygopalatine fossa.

foramen rotundum

circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa.

Mastoid process

conical prominence projecting from the undersurface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone.

Parietal Bones

either of a pair of membrane bones of the roof of the skull between the frontal and occipital bones that are large and quadrilateral in outline, meet in the sagittal suture, and form much of the top and sides of the cranium.

incisive foramen of maxilla

foramen located directly behind incisors

Zygomaticofacial foramen

foramen of the zygomatic

Body (mandible)

front portion of jaw bone

jugular foramen

heartshaped passageway for jugular vein

Orbital rim of maxilla

inferior margin portion of bone indicated by #7

internal acoustic meatus

internal ear canal

ethmoid bone

is a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain

articular tubercle

is a bony eminence on the temporal bone in the skull.

jugular foramen

is a large aperture in the base of the skull. It is located behind the carotid canal and is formed in front by the petrous portion of the temporal, and behind by the occipital; it is generally larger on the right than on the left side.

perpendicular plate

is a thin, flattened lamina, polygonal in form, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform

Mandible

jawline bone

mastoid foramen of temporal bone

large hole in the posterior border of the temporal bone posterior to the mastoid process

lateral mass of ethmoid

large section of this bone shown as b

inferior orbital fissure

lateral wall and the floor of the orbit are separated posteriorly by this feature which transmits the zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve, and the ascending branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion.

mylohyoid line

line indicated by #13

Inferior Nasal Conchae

lowest visible conchae of the ethmoid bone

middle nasal conchae

medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin visible in the nasal cavity of the skull at location of pointer

lesser wing

narrow bony process of sphenoid, one on each side

inferior nasal concha

one of the turbinates in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. 1] and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll

Vomer (1)

one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones.

foramen spinosum

one of two foramina located in the base of the human skull, on the sphenoid bone. It is situated just anterior to the spine of the sphenoid bone, and just lateral to the foramen ovale.

Zygomatic Bones (2)

paired bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossa.

ramus

perpendicular portion of jaw line bone

alveolar process

portion of this bone that contains the tooth sockets

frontal crest

portion show with arrow but often show in the interior of the skull cavity

dorsum sellae

posterior boundary to the sella turnica is formed by a square-shaped plate of bone, ending at its superior angles in two tubercles, Name this protrusion.

posterior clinoid process

process of bone Indicated by #5 on the sphenoid bone

frontal process of maxillary bone

protrusion of the maxilla that is lateral from the nasal bone

lacrimal fossa

rounded, shallow hollow on the anterolateral part of the orbital surface of the frontal bone, which is medial to the zygomatic process that, in vivo, houses the lacrimal gland.

sphenoid sinus

shown as #2

styloid process

slender pointed piece of bone just below the ear. It projects down and forward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone, and serves as an anchor point for several muscles associated with the tongue and larynx.

Lacrimal Bones (2)

smallest and most fragile bone of the face; roughly the size of the little fingernail. It is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. It has two surfaces and four borders

orbital surface

surface of bone in which the eye sits on the maxillary bone

orbital process of palatine bone

the dark lines above #20 in the inferior view

mandibular fossa

the depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandibular condyle.

palatal process of maxilla

the portion shown that forms 3/4 of the palate

temporal process

the posterior projection of the zygomatic bone articulating with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch.

Horizontal plate of palatine bones

the quadrilateral surface of this bone

supraorbital margin

the superior half of the orbital rim, which constitutes the curved superior border of the orbital opening, formed by the frontal bone.

Palatine Bones (2)

the two small flat bones that make up 1/4 of the palate

optic canal

these canals transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery (with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres) into the orbital cavity.

cribriform plate

this plate is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities.

median pterygoid plate

this plate of the sphenoid is longer and narrower than the lateral one

lateral pterygoid plate

this plate of the sphenoid is wider and shorter than the one towards the midline

pterygoid process of sphenoid bone

this process of the interior skull bone protrudes from the inferior side of the skull proximal to the mandible and has two protrusions

optic groove

this superior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove. Shown as #2

superior nuchal line

to this nuchal line attached the Occipitalis muscle, the Splenius capitis muscle, the trapezius muscle, and the Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

foramen lacerum

triangular hole in the base of the skull located between the sphenoid, apex of petrous temporal and basilar part of occipital.

Nasal Bones (2)

two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, "the bridge" of the nose.

occipital condyles

undersurface protuberances of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra.

Sphenoid Bone (1)

unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone.

perpendicular plate

vertical part of the palatine bone is thin, of an oblong form, and presents two surfaces and four borders.

Greater wing

wide bony process of the sphenoid bone; there is one on each side