soc ch7-10
In the early nineteenth century, Native Americans, who had survived clashes with the U.S. Army, were forcibly removed to reservations. This is an example of:
population transfer.
The belief that all Irish are drunks is an example of:
prejudice.
What does Jean Baudrillard call an image in the media that people can no longer distinguish from the reality that it is supposed to represent?
simulacrum
"Gender is socially constructed and maintained in our everyday lives. Gender is something we 'do' on a daily basis." This statement most likely comes from which perspective?
symbolic interactionism
What school of social thought insists that all social structures, including systems of stratification, are built out of everyday interactions?
symbolic interactionism
When individuals fail to see the ways they are oppressed by the social system in which they live, Karl Marx calls it:
false consciousness.
How many babies out of every thousand are born intersex?
17
When does gender role socialization begin?
Before birth
How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?
Institutional discrimination is more systematic and widespread.
How does colorblindness contribute to racial inequalities?
It serves to maintain high levels of acceptable discriminatory practices in the workplace.
How has the Kinsey Scale of Sexuality helped us to better understand sexual orientation?
It supports the idea that human sexuality exists as a highly diverse continuum over the lifetime of any individual.
Why do politics, education, and religion all appear in the same chapter of your text?
Political, religious, and educational concerns often overlap in everyday life.
What explanation does functionalism have for prejudice and discrimination today?
Prejudice and discrimination help to increase group cohesion.
How is prejudice different from discrimination?
Prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is an action.
How are the terms "gender" and "sex" different?
The term "sex" refers to the biological differences between males and females, whereas the term "gender" refers to the socially constructed behavior of men and women.
What is the relationship between social class and race, ethnicity, gender, and age in the United States today?
These multiple dimensions of status and inequality intersect to shape who we are and how we live—a concept known as intersectionality.
In the opening pages of The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan wrote about a problem that "lay buried, unspoken, for many years in the minds of American women." What was this problem?
Women experienced dissatisfaction with traditional gender roles.
Most sociologists argue that gender is a social construction, and they acknowledge the possibility that binary male-female categories are not the only way of classifying individuals. This perspective is called:
a constructionist perspective
Patriarchy can be defined as:
a society in which women are dominated by men
According to your textbook, what do all religions have in common?
a system of beliefs and rituals that establish a relationship between the sacred and the profane
What do sociologists call awareness of our own and others' class statuses?
class consciousness
Consider the different theoretical perspectives explored throughout the text. Which theoretical perspective might be used to explore the social patterns perpetuating overrepresentation of African American and Hispanic males in prisons?
conflict theory
Monique believes that religious practices such as prohibiting women from becoming priests promote inequality. Monique understands religion through which sociological lens?
conflict theory
Which group of thinkers believes the notions of gender are socially determined?
constructionists
According to Karl Marx, what social relations matter most in a capitalist system?
economic relations
What is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members?
education
The exploitation of a minority group within the dominant group's political borders is called:
internal colonialism.
What system of stratification is commonly used in capitalist societies?
social class
Systems and structures that persist over time and help organize group life are called:
social institutions.
What does Pierre Bourdieu call the tendency of social class to be passed down from one generation to the next and consequently remain relatively stable over time?
social reproduction
The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy is called
social stratification.
Short sentences or phrases on a political subject, designed to be catchy and memorable but not necessarily to convey much information, are called:
soundbites.
A woman has her Ph.D. in child development, yet she continues to work as a low-paid preschool aide. This is an example of
status inconsistency.
Consider the major theoretical perspectives we've routinely explored throughout our text. Which perspective is likely to explore the ways in which poverty serves a purpose in society by ensuring that even the "ugly" jobs get done?
structural functionalism
Manny believes that religion gives meaning to his life. He believes that religion helps him understand the most fundamental questions about life and existence. Manny understands religion through which sociological lens?
structural functionalism
Many people choose to buy an expensive car though they cannot easily afford the monthly payment. Driving the car becomes an important part of "performing" their social class. Choose the perspective and concept with which this statement most closely aligns.
symbolic interactionism and class consciousness
What type of theorist is most likely to explore the ways in which people "do" ethnicity on a daily basis?
symbolic interactionist
In Schooling in Capitalist America, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis argued that schools train a labor force in the skills and attitudes necessary for the health of a modern economy. What are these skills and attitudes?
taking orders and performing repetitive tasks
Sociologists have noted that the informal teaching practices and power relationships by which schools operate produce a disconnect between democratic values and what actually goes on in schools. About what concept are such arguments referring?
the hidden curriculum
Beau came home from his first day of high school and immediately went to his room to set his morning alarm. He'd never before used his alarm. His mother asked him why he'd set it and he replied, "My teacher made it clear today that it's very important to be punctual for school." His mother was surprised, and pleased, by the effect of
the hidden curriculum.
C. Wright Mills identifies the small and unified group of people who occupy the highest positions of the major economic, political, and military institutions and exercise tremendous influence in American social life as:
the power elite.
According to conflict theory, what is the real source of racism?
the struggle groups have for power and control
If we are to have a truly egalitarian society, citizens must recognize the racist history of the United States and the social conditions that perpetuate contemporary inequalities. To do this, one must develop:
white privilege.
The second-wave feminist movement was associated with the issue of:
women's equal access to employment and education.
