SOC exam

Supercentenarians are people who are ____ and older. Question options: 101 100 110 105

110

An average of _____ people in the United States fall victim to hate crimes each year? Question options: 195,000 100,000 150,000 200,000

195,000

Your grandmother is still very active and loves to get her friends together for bridge on Friday. They always talk about all those old-old people down at the senior center who like to play bingo. About how old are the old-old senior citizens to whom they are referring? Question options: 75 85 72 67

85

The term crime can be defined as: Question options: A sequence of events leading to incarceration. A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions. An unintended consequence of necessary action. A harmful action directed at the authorities.

A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions.

The United States Government is a form of: Question options: A coercive organization A normative organization A bureaucracy A total institution

A bureaucracy

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as: Question options: The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation. The authoritarian devalue of an employee. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills. A status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely.

A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.

According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where? Question options: A community where neighbors don't know each other very well A city with a large minority population A neighborhood with mostly elderly citizens A college campus with students who are very competitive

A community where neighbors don't know each other very well

Gender Dysphoria is: Question options: A form of homophobia A condition where transgender people choose to alter their bodies A form of sexual dysfunction and paraphilia A condition of people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with

A condition of people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with

Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping? Question options: A teacher discouraging a female student from entering the military, suggesting nursing school instead. Keisha's mom encouraging her to take home economics over shop class so she can please her future husband. A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday. A music store employee encouraging a young woman to study the piano or flute instead of the drums or guitar.

A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.

What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime? Question options: A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not. A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics. A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not. A violent crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics.

A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics.

The term sexuality is defined by the text as: Question options: A person's capacity for sexual feelings. The repressed sexual inclinations of society as a whole. An individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine. An individual's biological gender.

A person's capacity for sexual feelings.

The term sexual orientation can be defined as: Question options: A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex. A person's biological gender. A phase which a person outgrows before entering heterosexuality. A term that refers to individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics that are opposite of their biological sex.

A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex.

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group? Question options: A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships. d. A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function. A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships. A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.

A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.

What is the Kinsey Scale? Question options: An instructional manual explaining acceptable homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual behavior. A six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation. A religious test which classifies a person's ability to live as a heterosexual. An in-depth guide to measure whether a loved one is homosexual or heterosexual.

A six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation.

The term deviance can be defined as: Question options: A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law. The regulation and enforcement of norms. Social reward for the violation of norms. The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.

Strain theory: Question options: Argues that morality is based on wealth. Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals. Asserts that motivation and personal responsibility are the key factors in living a healthy lifestyle. States individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.

Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals.

Accusing people of DWE (driving while elderly) is considered a type of: Question options: Functionalism Ageism Clairvoyance Behaviorism

Ageism

Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n): Question options: In-group Aggregate Dyad Triad

Aggregate

During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of _______. Question options: Criminal mores A social norm An act of social control An act of deviance

An act of deviance

A total institution can be defined as: Question options: A business which offers career advice for federal employees A clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs. A group in which the masses have a large influence in decision making.

An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.

What is the basic idea behind disengagement theory? Question options: As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society. As people age, they think less and less about being married to their spouse, and more about their individuality. As people age, they disengage with their friends in order to spend more time with their families. As people age, they begin to lose their friends and family and spend their last days mourning their losses.

As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society.

In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use? Question options: Authoritarian Oligarchy Laissez-faire Democratic

Authoritarian

Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction? Question options: Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine. Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS. Eleanor being given a "Teacher of the Year" award for her work as a high school English teacher. Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society? Question options: Émile Durkheim Carl Sagan C. Wright Mills Karl Marx

C. Wright Mills

A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a: Question options: Paparazzi organization Voluntary organization Utilitarian organization Coercive organization

Coercive organization

When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views? Question options: Structural Functionalism Cyberfeminism Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionism

Conflict Theory

Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of: Question options: Consumer-oriented discretion Conformity Out-group dynamics Laissez-faire leadership

Conformity

Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a Ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime? Question options: Institutional crime Corporate crime Violent crime Street crime

Corporate crime

What causes some caretakers to abuse their elderly charges? Question options: Job satisfaction Pride Lack of emotional attachment Depression

Depression

According to Erik Erikson's theory on aging, what is the final hurdle that most people who reach old age must overcome? Question options: Despair Loathing Sentimentality Concession

Despair

Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined? Question options: Deviance is socially defined. Deviance is defined by federal, state, and local laws. Deviance's definition is determined by one's religion. Deviance occurs whenever someone else is harmed by an action.

Deviance is socially defined.

Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience? Question options: Opaque theory Strain theory Differential association theory Labeling theory

Differential association theory

How do elderly widows and widowers react to death of their significant other? Question options: Differently: elderly widows often remarry while elderly widowers do not. Similarly: both elderly widows and widowers do not often remarry. Similarly: both elderly widows and widowers often remarry. Differently: elderly widows often do not remarry while elderly widowers do.

Differently: elderly widows often do not remarry while elderly widowers do.

When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of: Question options: Homophobia Gender identity A double standard A misunderstanding

Double standard

Which of the following is NOT true about old age? Question options: Elderly men sometimes start to go bald as they age. Elderly people start dying their hair to replace the color they lose. Women notice wrinkles as one of the first signs of aging. Elderly people lose all appetite and drive for sex.

Elderly people lose all appetite and drive for sex.

What is the first agent of socialization? Question options: Friends Family The law School

Family

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? Question options: Functionalism Feminist theory Conflict theory Symbolic interactionism

Functionalism

When elderly people are considered elders and leaders of a group of people, they are functioning under a(n): Question options: Gerontocracy Republic Oligarchy Meritocracy

Gerontocracy

The concept "reference groups" can be defined as: Question options: Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself. Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity. Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain. People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any a way.

Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.

Which is a social issue that many elderly females discover they are victims of? Question options: Having their medical ailments trivialized by doctors. Being suspected of shoplifting by sales clerks. Being patronized by gas station attendants. Being carded to prove their Senior Citizen status.

Having their medical ailments trivialized by doctors.

When Wendy's sorority sisters discover that Wendy is a lesbian, they hold a secret meeting to decide if Wendy should still be allowed to pledge. A handful of the sisters vote "no." This is an example of: Question options: Doing gender Social imperialism Homophobia Bisexuality

Homophobia

No one in the United States can watch the news without hearing about the struggle over Social Security. Which approach has been used in the past to avoid the program's collapse? Question options: Make Social Security a private program, much like insurance or a 401(k). Increase the age at which someone can start collecting Social Security. Only pay Social Security to people who paid the tax; cut out any spouses or dependents who might benefit. Increasing the work week to 80 hours so that there is more money coming into the program.

Increase the age at which someone can start collecting Social Security.

Grace works in at an advertising agency. Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. Her coworkers are serving a(n): Question options: Expressive function Instrumental function Intrinsic function Elementary function

Instrumental function

An instrumental leader: Question options: Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks. Rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement. Refers to the main focus or goal of the leader. Promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

What is a dependency ratio? Question options: It is the comparison of healthcare professionals to the elderly. It is the comparison of working people to non-working people. It is the comparison of children to parents. It is the comparison of grandparents to parents.

It is the comparison of working people to non-working people.

In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? Question options: Strain theory Control theory Differential association Labeling theory

Labeling theory

Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader. Question options: Republican Laissez-faire Democratic Authoritarian

Laissez-faire

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic: Question options: Chorus members of the campus's production of Hairspray practice in Theatre building's first floor, while the cast of God of Carnage practices on the second floor. The Chemistry Club advertises their organization at the local science fair. Organizations across a college campus come together at a yearly fundraiser to raise money for the local Breast Cancer Awareness chapter. Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.

Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.

Some conflict theorists ascribe to the idea that as time and technology move forward, elderly people are left behind and they lose social standing and power. Which specific theory does this describe? Question options: Exchange theory Continuity theory Modernization theory Age stratification theory

Modernization theory

Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was: Question options: Necessary; it challenged people's views. Dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior. Insignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored. Instrumental; it encouraged the population to rebel.

Necessary; it challenged people's views.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy: Question options: Explicit rules Impersonality Clear division of labor Personality-based promotion

Personality-based promotion

Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a: Question options: Negative informal sanction Positive formal sanction Negative formal sanction Positive informal sanction

Positive formal sanction

Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States? Question options: Rates of street crime have gone up, but corporate crime has gone down. Rates of violent crimes are decreasing, but there are more nonviolent crimes now than ever before. Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing. Crime rates have skyrocketed since the 1970s due to lax corrections laws.

Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing.

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____. Question options: Reference group Secondary group Aggregate Out-group

Reference group

While visiting your dad at his nursing home, you see an elderly lady sitting at the table with a full tray of food in front of her. She is in a wheel chair and seems depressed. You conclude that she is experiencing: Question options: Quaternary aging Secondary aging Primary aging Tertiary aging

Secondary aging

Which of the following does NOT constitute cyberbullying? Question options: Posting embarrassing images a person online Hacking someone's account and pretending to be him or her Sending threatening letters to someone's home Sending threatening text messages

Sending threatening letters to someone's home

What is the difference between sex and gender? Question options: Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine. Sex refers to sexual orientation, and gender refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females. Sex refers to who a person is sexually attracted to, and gender refers to whom a person chooses to partner with. Sex is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine, gender is biological characterization of anatomy.

Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.

Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing: Question options: Masochism Sexual orientation Homophobia Sexism

Sexism

Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender: Question options: Socialization Indifference Bending Stratification

Socialization

Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come? Question options: Symbolic Interactionism Conflict Theory Structural Functionalism Cyberfeminism

Structural Functionalism

A symbolic interactionist may choose to study senior centers, and other groups of elderly people. Which theory might they find most useful for their study? Question options: Subculture of aging theory Age stratification theory Gerotranscendence Selective optimization with compensation theory

Subculture of aging theory

In which country is sex education required in public schools? Question options: Sweden England The United States Nigeria

Sweden

In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society? Question options: Structural Functionalism Exchange Theory Symbolic Interactionism Cyberfeminism

Symbolic Interactionism

Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's book On Death and Dying added much content knowledge to which field? Question options: Metrology Teleology Thanatology Ontology

Thanatology

The world population is growing and aging. In an effort to collectively deal with some of the challenges facing the elderly, several countries gathered at a summit. Which plan was the result of this summit? Question options: The Brussels Plan The Paris Plan The Berlin Plan The Madrid Plan

The Madrid Plan

When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of: Question options: Counter-culture A bureaucracy The McDonaldization of Society In-Group/Out-Group dynamic

The McDonaldization of Society

Biological determinism is: Question options: The prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another An individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology An extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals

The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

Sociologists have adopted the phrase, "the graying of the United States." What does this phrase mean? Question options: Gray is culturally considered beautiful and thus people are bleaching their hair. People are living under so much stress now, that they are going gray early. With industrialization and the building of big cities, there is very little green nature left and everything is the color of steel. The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age.

The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age.

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe: Question options: Large groups never make mistakes. The group is better informed than they are. They are too weak to decide for themselves. Dissent is a form of weakness.

The group is better informed than they are.

The McDonalidization of Society refers to: Question options: The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions. The country's increasing dependence on fast food as a daily meal. The increasing popularity of McDonald's as a hang-out for youths. The obesity epidemic that's rapidly sweeping the United States.

The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.

Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System? Question options: The police The jury The courts The corrections system

The jury

A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this? Question options: The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status. The offender has lost the social bonds he made in prison and feels disconnected from society. The offender is poor and responding to the different cultural values that exist in his community. The offender has returned to his old neighborhood and so reestablished his former habits.

The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status.

Social control is: Question options: A label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual. A system that has the authority to make decisions based on law. The regulation and enforcement of norms. An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives.

The regulation and enforcement of norms.

What is the purpose of queer theory? Question options: To purpose a series of federal laws that will put an end to many social inequalities. To determine whether sexual orientation is a product of nature or nurture. To examine the genetic differences between the heterosexual population and homosexual population. To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality.

To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality.

Chase grew up wanting to wear his sister's dresses over his brother's pants and button up shirts. When Chase turns 18, he decides to begin living as woman, though he's still only sexually attracted to women. He decides he doesn't want to undergo surgery. Chase is: Question options: Homophobic Transgender Bisexual Transsexual

Transgender

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a: Question options: Paparazzi organization Coercive organization Utilitarian organization Voluntary organization

Utilitarian organization

Which three states allow some form of physician-assisted suicide? Question options: Washington State, Oregon, and Montana Texas, California, and Virginia Iowa, Nebraska, and Nevada Georgia, New York, and Pennsylvania

Washington State, Oregon, and Montana

The term secondary deviance can be defined as: Question options: When a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others. When positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society's expectations. When negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek more positive behavioral choices. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

The term doing gender can be defined as: Question options: The prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another. Dating a member of the same sex to make a political statement. The refusal to participate in any tasks with gender-specific requirements. When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves.

When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves.

When your mother-in-law fell and broke her hip at age 72, you were concerned because she is still ________________. Question options: Middle-old Old-old Young-old Ancient

Young-old