SOC FINAL
which of the following stances is an example of a liberal position on an economic issue
an increased minimum wage
which of the following models of marriage decision-making often involves explicit financial transactions
arrangement
the process by which minorities gradually adopt patterns of dominant culture is
assimilation
which of the following is a human being's basic drives
Id
the theorist that considered religion "the opiate of the masses" was
Marx
things like names, hairstyles, and clothing are examples of
cultural expectations
in class I argued that civilizational distinction like "The West" or "The Islamic World" were primarily based on
cultural heritage
which of the following theories of prejudice claim everyone has some level of prejudice
culture theory
sometimes the bride's family is expected to provide the groom's family with a new moped, which is an example of which of the following practices
dowry
which of the following is a way the United States practices exogamy
family
which of the following variables has a big correlation with poverty
family structure
masculinity and femininity are two ends of the continuum of what concept
gender
the giving and taking without expectation of a return gift is called
generalized reciprocity
the systematic killing of one people by another is called
genocide
the human characteristic that is necessary for the efficient functioning of capitalism is
greed
which of the following is a sociological explanation for why group X has higher income levels than group Y
group X has a culture that values education more than group Y
which of the following is NOT an "element of culture"
hair color
a change in social position during a person's lifetime is
intragenerational social mobility
which of the following is NOT true regarding the concept of race, according to class lecture
it is a scientific, objective fact
which of the following things must be true for a behavior to be considered cultural
it must be learned
which of the following theories of global inequality has been accused of ethnocentrism by its critics
modernization theory
which of the following is an advantage of socialism
more equality
which of the following is an advantage of capitalism
more individual freedom
which of the following is NOT true regarding how changes in the economy has affected the American class structure
most families now have only one person working outside the home
the bottom 20 percent in the United States has what proportion of the total wealth
negative, they are in debt
the exploitation of "peripheral" countries by multinational corporations is called
neocolonialism
which of the following things are factored into the formula the U.S. government uses to establish household poverty thresholds
number of people in the household
which of the following is personal neutrality in research
objectivity
regarding economic issues, conservatives tend to
oppose government intervention in the economy
which of the following research methods is most limited in its generalizability
participant observation
which of the following is NOT a common theory in sociology for why the crime rate has changed in the last 25 years
people getting married too young
97% of convictions come from
plea bargains
which of the following innovations brought about the shift from hunter gathering to a much more productive "agricultural revolution"
plows harnessed to animals
the statement in which people of all races and ethnicities are distinct but have equal standing is
pluralism
which of the following research orientations sees society as an orderly system
positivist sociology
a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire group of people is
prejudice
the "Nacirema" were
preoccupied with the human body in its natural state as ugly and diseased
which of the following things characterizes capitalism
private property
Weber argued that modern societies are usually dominated by which kind of authority
rational-legal
which of the following economic systems is most common where periodic famine is a threat
redistribution
which of the following is consistency in measurement
reliability
interpreting someone's past in view of some present deviance
retroperspective labeling
religion is the social institutions involving beliefs and practices based on a recognition of the
sacred
the idea that prejudice comes from those who are themselves disadvantaged is
scapegoat theory
which of the following is NOT a total institution
schools
things like facial hair, body shape, and voice are examples of
secondary sex characteristics
a powerfully negative label that changes a person's self-concept and self-identity
stigma
which of the following is NOT a "sociological principle of stratification" identified in class lecture
stratification is primarily due to traits in individuals
a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to point out that families perform important tasks like socialization and providing emotional and financial support
structural functionalism
a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to point out that the school system ensures that society has a skilled work force
structural functionalism
dependency theory has a lot in common with which of the following sociological theories
structural functionalism
which of the following theories would most likely see gender as two complementary patterns of behavior that helps society operate smoothly
structural functionalism
Emile Durkheim believed that the spread and advance of capitalism was related to the increase he observed in
suicide
the cultural values and norms internalized throughout life
superego
a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to point out that children from different cultural backgrounds may interpret conversations with the teacher in different ways
symbolic interactionism
a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to point out that family life is constructed by members in their interaction
symbolic interactionism
which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological explanation for the higher murder rates of males
testosterone
which of the following circumstances helped contribute to the industrial revolution and capitalism, according to Weber
the Protestant Reformation
which of the following statements about American social mobility is NOT true
there has been very little social mobility over the last century
which of the following things were included in the new textbook definition of marriage
usually involving economic cooperation
measuring exactly what you intend to measure
validity
the idea that chewing tobacco is wrong is an example
value
Max Weber argued that workers should be which of the following in their research
value-free
money is different from other traded products because it is/has
very little intrinsic value
which of the following statements is true regarding wealth and politics
wealthy people are more conservative on economic issues
a random sample of
when everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected
which of the following things characterizes socialism
the collective sets prices and production
which of the following is NOT an explanation in the text for the decline in the use of the death penalty in the United States
the crime rate has gotten so high people are convinced the death penalty doesn't work
which of the following is NOT something that varies across cultures
the desire to eat
what group of Americans has seen the biggest increase in income since the 1980's
the top 20%
what was the poverty threshold for an American family of four in 2017
$24,858
what was the poverty rate in the United States in 2016
12.7%
what age group is overrepresented in American crimes
15-24
the top 20 percent in the United States regarding income has what proportion of the total income
51
which of the following was NOT a critique that Adorno had regarding American culture
Americans do not have enough respect for authority
which of the following theorists emphasizes the challenges we face throughout life
Erikson
which of the following theorists argued that the personality is made up of the id, ego and superego
Freud
which of the following theorists studied stages of moral reasoning
Kohlberg
which of the following theorists identified four stages of cognitive development
Piaget
who did Adorno think was the "most dangerous man in America"
Walt Disney
which of the following statements characterize the difference between Marx and Weber's view of religion
Weber said religious beliefs can shape economic arrangements, Marx didn't
ethnicity is
a shared cultural heritage
race is
a socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that society thinks is important
what cultural characteristics did Weber argued developed in response to the above circumstances
a strong work ethic and emphasis on thrift
the Davis and Moore theory sees inequality as
a way to place the most talented people in the most difficult and important jobs
social settings that are especially important for socialization
agents of socialization
which of the following is an example of institutional discrimination
banks refusing to give loans to neighborhoods overrepresented by African Americans
the claim that chewing tobacco could cause cancer is an example of a
belief
sex is a category based on what kind of criteria
biological
which of the following statements about crime in the United States is true
both violent crime and property crime have decreased since about 1990
sometimes a potential groom is expected to provide the potential bride's family with some livestock, which is an example of which of the following practices
bride price
we discussed in class that there are some parallels between the custom of giving an expensive engagement ring in our society and which of the following practices
bride price
what did the new textbook definition of the family emphasize as a defining feature
caring for one another
social stratification based on ascription, or birth is a
caste system
where is the greatest concentration of poverty found
central cities
which of the following is NOT a standard of causation, according to class lecture
change in value of the dependent value must precede change in the value of the independent variable
power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience is called
charismatic authority
which age is at greatest risk for poverty in the United States
children
social stratification based on birth and individual achievement is called a
class system
when the values of two or more variables change together it is called
correlation
which of the following theories of global inequality argues that "core" countries exploit "peripheral" ones
dependency theory
which of the following theories sees rich countries as the cause of global poverty
dependency theory
the attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment
deterrence
which of the following is NOT a function of deviance identified by Durkheim
deviance provides jobs and keeps the economy running
if we find that countries with more religious freedom are no more or less likely to have a lot of economic freedom than countries with less religious freedom we can say
economic freedom and religious freedom are not correlated
if we find that countries with more religious freedom also tend to have more economic freedom we can say
economic freedom and religious freedom are positively correlated
a person's conscious efforts to balance pleasure-seeking drives with the demands of society is the
ego
a marriage pattern where you are expected to marry someone of the same social category is
endogamy
when someone in rural India is expected to marry someone of the same caste it is an example of
endogamy
the category "Hispanic" is what kind of classification
ethnic
judging another culture by the standards of your own
ethnocentrism
which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of capitalism identified by Durkheim
excessive conformity
which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of democracy according to De Tocqueville
excessive deference to authority
which of the following research methods has the most challenges with ethical considerations
experiments
which of the following things is correlated with the likelihood a society practices the dowry or the bride price
how much female labor is valued
which of the following is NOT one of the "distinctive characteristics of sociology" listed in class?
human behavior is mostly biologically determined
which of the following is NOT a limitation of scientific sociology listed in the test
human behavior is much simpler than sociologists usually think
which of the following is NOT an assumption of symbolic interactionism
humans are biologically predisposed to different personality characteristics
the cultural beliefs that justify inequality are called
ideology
the idea in America that if you work hard you will succeed could be looked at as an example of an
ideology
which of the following is NOT listed in the text as a way that industrialization changed the economy
increase in individuals working for themselves, instead of for someone else
which of the following is NOT an assumption of structural functionalism
inequality
which of the following statements about inequality is NOT something a social conflict theorists would agree with
inequality is necessary to ensure talent is developed
which of the following research orientations corresponds to Symbolic Interactionism
interpretive sociology
the primary means of production for the feudal system was
land
a structural functionalist would likely consider the childcare that schools provide as an example of a
latent function
which of the following is NOT a consequence of the global economy
less products passing through multiple nations
our self-image based on how we think others see us
looking-glass self
which of the following is NOT a traditional cultural characteristic
low fertility
which of the following statements is true regarding gender and employment
many jobs are still gender segregated
which of the following statements about marriage and mobility is true
marriage increases wealth
human beings are all
members of a single species
which of the following theories of global inequality argues that poor countries need to modernize their culture, infrastructure and technology
modernization theory
a theorist from which perspective would be more likely to argue that religion has been used to justify inequality
social conflict
Marx was especially influential in the development of which of the following sociological paradigms
social conflict theory
a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to look at the family as a way to perpetuate inequality and patriarchy
social conflict theory
a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to point out that the way the educational system is organized in the United States benefits the rich at the expense of the poor
social conflict theory
which of the following major theories would be most likely to view the different punishments between crack and powder cocaine as the result of the powerful making laws that benefit themselves
social conflict theory
sociology focuses on the role which of the following plays in human behavior
social factors
which of the following statements is most consistent with a conflict perspective
social institutions are a tool of the powerful
which of the following statements is most consistent with a structural functionalist perspective
social institutions must serve some purpose
which of the following theories would be most likely to see the concept of gender as a way for men to maintain their privilege
social-conflict theory
the lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture
socialization
which of the following is the level of analysis for sociologists
society
which of the following is NOT a distinctive characteristic of a total institution, according to Goffman
specially tailored program to individual needs
which of the following is an apparent but false relationship between two variables that is caused by another variable
spurious correlation
which of the following is NOT an assumption of social conflict theory
stability
for Marx the main division in society is between
those that own the means of production and those that don't
the high standardization found in total institutions is partly to
to facilitate the breaking down of someone's existing identity
hereditary rulers have often relied on which of the following types of authority
traditional