SOC FINAL

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which of the following stances is an example of a liberal position on an economic issue

an increased minimum wage

which of the following models of marriage decision-making often involves explicit financial transactions

arrangement

the process by which minorities gradually adopt patterns of dominant culture is

assimilation

which of the following is a human being's basic drives

Id

the theorist that considered religion "the opiate of the masses" was

Marx

things like names, hairstyles, and clothing are examples of

cultural expectations

in class I argued that civilizational distinction like "The West" or "The Islamic World" were primarily based on

cultural heritage

which of the following theories of prejudice claim everyone has some level of prejudice

culture theory

sometimes the bride's family is expected to provide the groom's family with a new moped, which is an example of which of the following practices

dowry

which of the following is a way the United States practices exogamy

family

which of the following variables has a big correlation with poverty

family structure

masculinity and femininity are two ends of the continuum of what concept

gender

the giving and taking without expectation of a return gift is called

generalized reciprocity

the systematic killing of one people by another is called

genocide

the human characteristic that is necessary for the efficient functioning of capitalism is

greed

which of the following is a sociological explanation for why group X has higher income levels than group Y

group X has a culture that values education more than group Y

which of the following is NOT an "element of culture"

hair color

a change in social position during a person's lifetime is

intragenerational social mobility

which of the following is NOT true regarding the concept of race, according to class lecture

it is a scientific, objective fact

which of the following things must be true for a behavior to be considered cultural

it must be learned

which of the following theories of global inequality has been accused of ethnocentrism by its critics

modernization theory

which of the following is an advantage of socialism

more equality

which of the following is an advantage of capitalism

more individual freedom

which of the following is NOT true regarding how changes in the economy has affected the American class structure

most families now have only one person working outside the home

the bottom 20 percent in the United States has what proportion of the total wealth

negative, they are in debt

the exploitation of "peripheral" countries by multinational corporations is called

neocolonialism

which of the following things are factored into the formula the U.S. government uses to establish household poverty thresholds

number of people in the household

which of the following is personal neutrality in research

objectivity

regarding economic issues, conservatives tend to

oppose government intervention in the economy

which of the following research methods is most limited in its generalizability

participant observation

which of the following is NOT a common theory in sociology for why the crime rate has changed in the last 25 years

people getting married too young

97% of convictions come from

plea bargains

which of the following innovations brought about the shift from hunter gathering to a much more productive "agricultural revolution"

plows harnessed to animals

the statement in which people of all races and ethnicities are distinct but have equal standing is

pluralism

which of the following research orientations sees society as an orderly system

positivist sociology

a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire group of people is

prejudice

the "Nacirema" were

preoccupied with the human body in its natural state as ugly and diseased

which of the following things characterizes capitalism

private property

Weber argued that modern societies are usually dominated by which kind of authority

rational-legal

which of the following economic systems is most common where periodic famine is a threat

redistribution

which of the following is consistency in measurement

reliability

interpreting someone's past in view of some present deviance

retroperspective labeling

religion is the social institutions involving beliefs and practices based on a recognition of the

sacred

the idea that prejudice comes from those who are themselves disadvantaged is

scapegoat theory

which of the following is NOT a total institution

schools

things like facial hair, body shape, and voice are examples of

secondary sex characteristics

a powerfully negative label that changes a person's self-concept and self-identity

stigma

which of the following is NOT a "sociological principle of stratification" identified in class lecture

stratification is primarily due to traits in individuals

a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to point out that families perform important tasks like socialization and providing emotional and financial support

structural functionalism

a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to point out that the school system ensures that society has a skilled work force

structural functionalism

dependency theory has a lot in common with which of the following sociological theories

structural functionalism

which of the following theories would most likely see gender as two complementary patterns of behavior that helps society operate smoothly

structural functionalism

Emile Durkheim believed that the spread and advance of capitalism was related to the increase he observed in

suicide

the cultural values and norms internalized throughout life

superego

a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to point out that children from different cultural backgrounds may interpret conversations with the teacher in different ways

symbolic interactionism

a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to point out that family life is constructed by members in their interaction

symbolic interactionism

which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological explanation for the higher murder rates of males

testosterone

which of the following circumstances helped contribute to the industrial revolution and capitalism, according to Weber

the Protestant Reformation

which of the following statements about American social mobility is NOT true

there has been very little social mobility over the last century

which of the following things were included in the new textbook definition of marriage

usually involving economic cooperation

measuring exactly what you intend to measure

validity

the idea that chewing tobacco is wrong is an example

value

Max Weber argued that workers should be which of the following in their research

value-free

money is different from other traded products because it is/has

very little intrinsic value

which of the following statements is true regarding wealth and politics

wealthy people are more conservative on economic issues

a random sample of

when everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected

which of the following things characterizes socialism

the collective sets prices and production

which of the following is NOT an explanation in the text for the decline in the use of the death penalty in the United States

the crime rate has gotten so high people are convinced the death penalty doesn't work

which of the following is NOT something that varies across cultures

the desire to eat

what group of Americans has seen the biggest increase in income since the 1980's

the top 20%

what was the poverty threshold for an American family of four in 2017

$24,858

what was the poverty rate in the United States in 2016

12.7%

what age group is overrepresented in American crimes

15-24

the top 20 percent in the United States regarding income has what proportion of the total income

51

which of the following was NOT a critique that Adorno had regarding American culture

Americans do not have enough respect for authority

which of the following theorists emphasizes the challenges we face throughout life

Erikson

which of the following theorists argued that the personality is made up of the id, ego and superego

Freud

which of the following theorists studied stages of moral reasoning

Kohlberg

which of the following theorists identified four stages of cognitive development

Piaget

who did Adorno think was the "most dangerous man in America"

Walt Disney

which of the following statements characterize the difference between Marx and Weber's view of religion

Weber said religious beliefs can shape economic arrangements, Marx didn't

ethnicity is

a shared cultural heritage

race is

a socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that society thinks is important

what cultural characteristics did Weber argued developed in response to the above circumstances

a strong work ethic and emphasis on thrift

the Davis and Moore theory sees inequality as

a way to place the most talented people in the most difficult and important jobs

social settings that are especially important for socialization

agents of socialization

which of the following is an example of institutional discrimination

banks refusing to give loans to neighborhoods overrepresented by African Americans

the claim that chewing tobacco could cause cancer is an example of a

belief

sex is a category based on what kind of criteria

biological

which of the following statements about crime in the United States is true

both violent crime and property crime have decreased since about 1990

sometimes a potential groom is expected to provide the potential bride's family with some livestock, which is an example of which of the following practices

bride price

we discussed in class that there are some parallels between the custom of giving an expensive engagement ring in our society and which of the following practices

bride price

what did the new textbook definition of the family emphasize as a defining feature

caring for one another

social stratification based on ascription, or birth is a

caste system

where is the greatest concentration of poverty found

central cities

which of the following is NOT a standard of causation, according to class lecture

change in value of the dependent value must precede change in the value of the independent variable

power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience is called

charismatic authority

which age is at greatest risk for poverty in the United States

children

social stratification based on birth and individual achievement is called a

class system

when the values of two or more variables change together it is called

correlation

which of the following theories of global inequality argues that "core" countries exploit "peripheral" ones

dependency theory

which of the following theories sees rich countries as the cause of global poverty

dependency theory

the attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment

deterrence

which of the following is NOT a function of deviance identified by Durkheim

deviance provides jobs and keeps the economy running

if we find that countries with more religious freedom are no more or less likely to have a lot of economic freedom than countries with less religious freedom we can say

economic freedom and religious freedom are not correlated

if we find that countries with more religious freedom also tend to have more economic freedom we can say

economic freedom and religious freedom are positively correlated

a person's conscious efforts to balance pleasure-seeking drives with the demands of society is the

ego

a marriage pattern where you are expected to marry someone of the same social category is

endogamy

when someone in rural India is expected to marry someone of the same caste it is an example of

endogamy

the category "Hispanic" is what kind of classification

ethnic

judging another culture by the standards of your own

ethnocentrism

which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of capitalism identified by Durkheim

excessive conformity

which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of democracy according to De Tocqueville

excessive deference to authority

which of the following research methods has the most challenges with ethical considerations

experiments

which of the following things is correlated with the likelihood a society practices the dowry or the bride price

how much female labor is valued

which of the following is NOT one of the "distinctive characteristics of sociology" listed in class?

human behavior is mostly biologically determined

which of the following is NOT a limitation of scientific sociology listed in the test

human behavior is much simpler than sociologists usually think

which of the following is NOT an assumption of symbolic interactionism

humans are biologically predisposed to different personality characteristics

the cultural beliefs that justify inequality are called

ideology

the idea in America that if you work hard you will succeed could be looked at as an example of an

ideology

which of the following is NOT listed in the text as a way that industrialization changed the economy

increase in individuals working for themselves, instead of for someone else

which of the following is NOT an assumption of structural functionalism

inequality

which of the following statements about inequality is NOT something a social conflict theorists would agree with

inequality is necessary to ensure talent is developed

which of the following research orientations corresponds to Symbolic Interactionism

interpretive sociology

the primary means of production for the feudal system was

land

a structural functionalist would likely consider the childcare that schools provide as an example of a

latent function

which of the following is NOT a consequence of the global economy

less products passing through multiple nations

our self-image based on how we think others see us

looking-glass self

which of the following is NOT a traditional cultural characteristic

low fertility

which of the following statements is true regarding gender and employment

many jobs are still gender segregated

which of the following statements about marriage and mobility is true

marriage increases wealth

human beings are all

members of a single species

which of the following theories of global inequality argues that poor countries need to modernize their culture, infrastructure and technology

modernization theory

a theorist from which perspective would be more likely to argue that religion has been used to justify inequality

social conflict

Marx was especially influential in the development of which of the following sociological paradigms

social conflict theory

a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to look at the family as a way to perpetuate inequality and patriarchy

social conflict theory

a theorist from which of the following perspectives would be most likely to point out that the way the educational system is organized in the United States benefits the rich at the expense of the poor

social conflict theory

which of the following major theories would be most likely to view the different punishments between crack and powder cocaine as the result of the powerful making laws that benefit themselves

social conflict theory

sociology focuses on the role which of the following plays in human behavior

social factors

which of the following statements is most consistent with a conflict perspective

social institutions are a tool of the powerful

which of the following statements is most consistent with a structural functionalist perspective

social institutions must serve some purpose

which of the following theories would be most likely to see the concept of gender as a way for men to maintain their privilege

social-conflict theory

the lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture

socialization

which of the following is the level of analysis for sociologists

society

which of the following is NOT a distinctive characteristic of a total institution, according to Goffman

specially tailored program to individual needs

which of the following is an apparent but false relationship between two variables that is caused by another variable

spurious correlation

which of the following is NOT an assumption of social conflict theory

stability

for Marx the main division in society is between

those that own the means of production and those that don't

the high standardization found in total institutions is partly to

to facilitate the breaking down of someone's existing identity

hereditary rulers have often relied on which of the following types of authority

traditional


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